CN112918024A - 一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物及其制备方法。隐身织物由上往下依次包括可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层；其中可见光颜色定制层为红外透过率大于0.5的疏水染色织物；红外发射率调控层为含吸湿性物质的多孔柔性织物，多孔柔性织物孔隙率大于10％，红外透过率大于0.5；红外低发射层为红外发射率小于0.5的薄膜；保护层为疏水柔性织物。通过将四层结构按顺序进行纺织整合制备得到。该织物可根据所覆盖物体温度的变化动态调控红外发射率，并可实现可见波段的伪装，轻质、柔性、可重复使用，适用范围广，制备简单，可大批量生产制造，有望用于军事作战、服装制造、热管理等多个领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于红外伪装领域，具体涉及一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代战争中热武器威力的升级主要源于发动机功率的提升和精密电子设备的运用，但这些军事装备运行时产热量大，使得很多遥感定位设备针对此研制“红外线热侦测”定位系统，导致武器装备面临被摧毁的巨大危险。同样的，人体也会产热，面临被红外检测和锁定的危险。因此，面对红外探测技术的精准打击，对士兵和军事设备的红外信号进行伪装，对于提高战场的生存能力至关重要。
伪装技术，其基本原理是通过改变物体整体或局部的光学特性，从而实现物体与周围环境的融合，提高军事设施、运输工具、士兵等的隐蔽性，提高战场上的生存能力，在军事领域具有重要的应用价值。红外伪装，主要是指消除、减小、改变或模拟目标与背景间中远红外波段两个大气窗口(电磁波波长3～5μm、8～14μm)辐射特性的差别，以对付热红外探测所实施的伪装。实现伪装的技术主要是改变物体表面温度、改变物体表面红外发射率。现有的红外伪装技术大致有如下三种：(1)隔热敷层，目标表面覆盖低导热系数隔热毯降低温度，例如德国主战坦克Marder 1A5，以及中国专利2016105247974所述，采用一种新型隔热空心陶瓷微球为主要原料制备红外伪装涂层材料，其导热系数较小，可以有效降低表面的物体表面的温度；(2)静态伪装，低红外发射率涂层，降低目标红外辐射能量，如Au、Al、Cu等材料，以及中国专利CN201210545654.3所述通过多种聚合材料混合制成的伪装涂料，降低兵器表面红外发射率；(3)动态伪装，实时测量周围环境的温度分布，通过计算机等控制系统对发热物体表面温度或红外发射率进行调控，如中国专利CN109855326A所述，该模块包括电源、温度采集单元、伪装板单元、控制单元，几处共同合作，达到与环境动态融合的红外伪装。
但以上的伪装方法都存在以下两种问题：(1)被动式薄膜无法实现动态调控；(2)可见和红外的同时调控极具挑战。
发明内容
针对以上技术问题，本发明提供了一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物及其制备方法；该织物能根据所覆盖物体温度的变化动态调控红外发射率，并且可以调控可见波段，可见波段颜色可根据需要定制，还具有轻质、柔性、可重复使用的特性，适用范围广，制备简单，可大批量生产制造，有望用于军事作战、服装制造、热管理等多个领域。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物，由上往下依次包括可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层；其中：
可见光颜色定制层为具有高红外透过率的疏水染色织物，红外透过率大于0.5；
红外发射率调控层为含吸湿性物质的多孔柔性织物，所述多孔柔性织物孔隙率大于10％，具有高红外透过率，红外透过率大于0.5；
红外低发射层为具有红外低发射特性的薄膜，红外发射率小于0.5；
保护层为疏水柔性织物。
按上述方案，所述可见光颜色定制层为特定可见波段颜色的纺线织成的织物。
按上述方案，所述红外发射率调控层中，吸湿性物质为具有吸湿性的盐溶液或有机物；优选地，盐溶液为LiBr溶液、LiCl溶液或CaCl2溶液；有机物为甘油或有机硅树脂组合物。吸湿性物质可以根据温度、湿度自发地进行吸、失水。
按上述方案，所述红外低发射层为金属单质、导电氧化物或合金；优选地，金属单质为金、银、铜、铝或合金；导电氧化物为ITO玻璃或含铝的氧化锌；合金为不锈钢或黄铜。
按上述方案，所述可见光颜色定制层为聚乙烯织物或Kraton树脂织物；所述红外发射率调控层中，多孔柔性织物为聚乙烯织物；所述保护层为聚乙烯织物、PET织物、芳纶织物或涤纶织物。
按上述方案，所述可见光颜色定制层厚度为0.1-100μm；红外发射率调控层厚度为0.1-100μm；红外低发射层厚度为0.1-100μm。优选地，可见光颜色定制层厚度为1-10μm；红外发射率调控层厚度为1-20μm。
按上述方案，所述保护层厚度为0.1μm-100mm。
按上述方案，红外发射率调控层通过将多孔柔性织物进行表面亲水处理后，在含有吸湿性物质的溶液中浸泡得到。
按上述方案，所述智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物中，红外低发射层沉积在红外发射率调控层一侧表面或保护层一侧表面，然后将保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层按从下到上的顺序，利用具有高红外透明特性的纺线进行纺织整合，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物；其中高红外透明特性的纺线的红外透过率大于0.5，优选为PE纺线。
提供一种上述智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤:
1)利用镀膜技术在红外发射率调控层的织物一侧表面或保护层的织物一侧表面镀一层具有红外低发射特性的镀层，得到红外低发射层，红外发射率小于0.5；
2)按从下到上依次为保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层的顺序，利用具有高红外透明特性的纺线进行纺织整合，使其成为一张织物，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物；其中，具有高红外透明特性的纺线的红外透过率为大于0.5。
按上述方案，所述步骤1)中，镀膜技术为磁控溅射镀膜技术、电镀膜技术、pvd镀膜技术或离子束溅射镀膜技术等。
按上述方案，所述步骤1)中，所述具有红外低发射特性的镀层为金属单质、导电氧化物或合金。
按上述方案，所述步骤2)中，可见光颜色定制层为红外透过率大于0.5的疏水染色织物；优选为聚乙烯织物。染色织物为特定可见波段颜色的织物。
按上述方案，所述红外发射率调控层的制备为：
①将多孔柔性织物通过真空等离子体清洗机腔体进行表面亲水处理，使其表面及内部孔隙间附着亲水基团，其中多孔柔性织物孔隙率大于10％，具有高红外透过率，红外透过率大于0.5；
②将步骤①经过亲水处理后的多孔柔性织物放入具有吸湿性物质的溶液中，浸泡20-120min后取出，得到红外发射率可调节的红外发射率调控层。
优选地，多孔柔性织物通过多孔纺线或多孔编织条织成。
优选地，所述步骤①中，多孔柔性织物为聚乙烯织物或Kraton树脂织物。
优选地，所述步骤②中，具有吸湿性物质的溶液为具有自发吸湿性的盐溶液或有机溶液；更优选地，盐溶液为LiBr溶液、LiCl溶液或CaCl2溶液；有机物为甘油或有机硅树脂组合物。
本发明提供了一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物，有四层组成，从上到下依次是可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层。最上层的可见光颜色定制层为具有高红外透过率的疏水染色织物，可根据环境需要，选择不同可见波段颜色和特定图案的织物，一方面可以实现可见波段的伪装；另一方面可以透过红外波段的光。红外发射率调控层为含吸湿性物质的多孔柔性织物，多孔柔性织物基体具有高红外透过率，吸湿性物质为可以根据温度、湿度进行自发性吸、失水的物质。吸湿性物质可以随所覆盖物体的温度、湿度变化吸失水，因此所覆盖物体升温时，织物整体温度升高，蒸发失水，红外调控层的红外透过率增加，红外光透过更多到达红外低发射层并被吸收，进而发射出少量的红外光，因此三层织物整体红外发射率降低；物体降温时，由于红外调控层内吸湿性物质的存在，从大气中吸收水蒸气并凝结在红外调控层内，使得其红外透过率降低，到达红外低发射层被吸收的红外光减少，在调控层被反射出去的红外光增加，因此三层织物整体红外发射率升高，进而做到智能红外发射率调控。保护层为疏水柔性织物，保护织物内部结构，同时使得内部吸湿性物质不被外界环境干扰，且此层使得织物更加耐磨。
本发明的有益效果为：
1.本发明提供一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物，从上到下依次是可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层；其中可见光颜色定制层实现可见光波段的伪装的同时可透过红外波段的光；红外发射率调控层可通过内部含有的吸湿性物质随环境温度变化自发的吸失水的特性，再配合红外低发射层，实现智能调控隐身织物整体的红外发射率从高温到低温在0.26-1.0可逆变化；当目标物体在高温-低温循环变化时，织物的发射率也可以基本同步进行循环变化，即在红外视角下，目标物体与环境的融合程度基本不随温度变化，伪装效果显著。
2.本发明隐身织物的可见光颜色定制层的颜色和图案可根据实际需要定制，提升其在可见光波段的伪装效果；同时具有高红外透过率，基本不影响对整体红外发射率的调控。
3.本发明隐身织物结构简单，同时具有可见和红外伪装效果，红外发射率调控范围大，响应速度快，轻质，可重复使用，原材料廉价易得，成本低；四层结构中三层均为织物，最后整合为一张织物，柔性好，可以轻易附着于任何物体表面，适用范围广；此外隐身织物可自发、动态地调节红外发射率，无需外界能量输入，节约能源；制备简单，可大批量生产制造，有望用于军事作战、服装制造、热管理等多个领域。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，而并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例提供一种智能红外与可见双波段隐身织物，包括可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层，由上往下布置；其中：
可见光颜色定制层为具有疏水性、高红外透过率的染色织物，红外透过率为大于0.5。
红外发射率调控层为含吸湿性物质多孔柔性织物，所述多孔柔性织物基体孔隙率大于10％，具有高红外透过率，红外透过率为大于0.5；红外特性通过溶液的含水量调节；内部含水量可随所覆盖目标物温度变化，因而实现红外发射率的智能调节。
红外低发射层是具有红外低发射特性金属、导电氧化物或合金镀层，具有较低的红外发射率，红外发射率小于0.5。
保护层为任意疏水柔性织物。
实施例1
提供一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)可见光颜色定制层的制备：选择直径为的20D红色和绿色PE纺线，利用织布机织成具有特定图案的织物，厚度为30μm，红外透过率为80％；
2)红外发射率调控层的制备：
(1)将多孔PE编织条编成织物，其中红外透过率为90％，孔隙率为44％；
(2)利用真空等离子体清洗机对织物进行表面亲水处理，使其表面及内部孔隙间附着亲水基团；
(3)将进行亲水处理后的织物放入30％的LiBr溶液中，浸泡20分钟后取出，得到红外发射率可调节的红外发射率调控层，厚度为7μm；
3)保护层：剪裁合适大小的厚度为1μm的PET布作为保护层；
4)红外低发射层的制备：取保护层织物，利用磁控溅射在其一侧表面镀一层250nm的金，得到红外低发射层，红外发射率为0.08，采用的参数区间在偏压0.1～500V，功率10～500W，腔体内部气压0.1～10Pa；
5)纺织整合：按从下到上依次为保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层的顺序，利用直径为20D的红色PE纺线(红外透过率为0.82)进行纺织整合，使其成为一张织物，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物。
所得隐身织物的红外发射率随温度25℃至67.5℃可逆在0.8至0.26的范围变化。
实施例2
提供一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)可见光颜色定制层的制备：选择直径为20D蓝色PE纺线，利用织布机织成具有特定图案的织物，厚度为25μm，红外透过率为85％；
2)红外发射率调控层的制备：
(1)将多孔PE织线纺成多孔织物，其中多孔织物的红外透过率为92％，孔隙率为48％；
(2)利用真空等离子体清洗机对多孔织物进行表面亲水处理，使其表面及内部孔隙间附着亲水基团；
(3)将进行亲水处理后的多孔织物放入20％的LiCl溶液中，浸泡30分钟后取出，得到红外发射率可调节的红外发射率调控层，厚度为12μm；
3)红外低发射层的制备：利用磁控溅射在红外发射率调控层一侧表面镀一层300nm的银，得到红外低发射层，银的红外发射率为0.1；其中采用的参数为偏压1V，功率100W，腔体内部气压0.1～10Pa。
4)保护层：剪裁合适大小的10μm涤纶布作为保护层；
5)纺织整合：按从下到上依次为保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层的顺序，利用直径为10D蓝色PE纺线(红外透过率为0.8)进行纺织整合，使其成为一张织物，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物。
所得隐身织物的红外发射率随温度25℃至67.5℃可逆在0.8至0.26的范围变化。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外低发射层的制备，本发明红外低发射层采用100μm不锈钢薄膜作为低发射层，不锈钢的红外发射率为0.25。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外低发射层的制备，选择喷金方式镀300nm黄铜作为低发射层，黄铜的红外发射率为0.15。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外低发射层的制备，选择镀300nm金属铜作为低发射层，铜的红外发射率为0.1。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外低发射层的制备，选择镀400nm的ITO玻璃作为低发射层，ITO玻璃的红外发射率为0.15。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外发射率调控层的制备：采用20μm直径的多孔PE纺线，所得多孔织物的红外透过率为90％，孔隙率50％。
实施例8
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外发射率调控层的制备：采用20μm直径的多孔Kraton树脂纺线，所得多孔织物的红外透过率为70％，孔隙率50％。
实施例9
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外发射率调控层的制备，本发明采用35％的CaCl2溶液作为吸湿性物质，在CaCl2溶液中的浸泡时间为25分钟。
实施例10
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处于：红外发射率调控层的制备，本发明采用甘油作为吸湿性物质，在甘油中的浸泡时间为30分钟。
Claims (10)
1.一种智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物，其特征在于，由上往下依次包括可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层；其中：
可见光颜色定制层为具有高红外透过率的疏水染色织物，红外透过率大于0.5；
红外发射率调控层为含吸湿性物质的多孔柔性织物，所述多孔柔性织物孔隙率大于10％，具有高红外透过率，红外透过率大于0.5；
红外低发射层为具有红外低发射特性的薄膜，红外发射率小于0.5；
保护层为疏水柔性织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，所述红外发射率调控层中，吸湿性物质为具有吸湿性的盐溶液或有机物；其中盐溶液为LiBr溶液、LiCl溶液或CaCl2溶液，有机物为甘油或有机硅树脂组合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，所述红外低发射层为金属单质、导电氧化物或合金。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，所述可见光颜色定制层为聚乙烯织物或Kraton树脂织物；所述红外发射率调控层中，多孔柔性织物为聚乙烯织物；所述保护层为聚乙烯织物、PET织物、芳纶织物或涤纶织物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，所述可见光颜色定制层厚度为0.1-100μm；红外发射率调控层厚度为0.1-100μm；红外低发射层厚度为0.1-100μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，红外发射率调控层通过将多孔柔性织物进行表面亲水处理后，在含有吸湿性物质的溶液中浸泡得到。
7.根据权利要求1所述的隐身织物，其特征在于，通过以下步骤制备得到：首先将红外低发射层沉积在红外发射率调控层一侧表面或保护层一侧表面，然后将保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层按从下到上的顺序，利用具有高红外透明特性的纺线进行纺织整合，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物；其中高红外透明特性的纺线的红外透过率大于0.5。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述隐身织物由上往下依次包括可见光颜色定制层、红外发射率调控层、红外低发射层和保护层，包括如下步骤:
1)利用镀膜技术在红外发射率调控层的织物一侧表面或保护层的织物一侧表面镀一层具有红外低发射特性的镀层，得到红外低发射层，红外发射率小于0.5；
2)按从下到上依次为保护层、红外低发射层、红外发射率调控层和可见光颜色定制层的顺序，利用具有高红外透明特性的纺线进行纺织整合，使其成为一张织物，即得智能红外与可见光双波段隐身织物；其中，具有高红外透明特性的纺线的红外透过率为大于0.5。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中，镀膜技术为磁控溅射镀膜技术、电镀膜技术、pvd镀膜技术或离子束溅射镀膜技术。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述红外发射率调控层的制备为：
①将多孔柔性织物通过真空等离子体清洗机腔体进行表面亲水处理，使其表面及内部孔隙间附着亲水基团，其中多孔柔性织物孔隙率大于10％，具有高红外透过率，红外透过率大于0.5；
②将步骤①经过亲水处理后的多孔柔性织物放入具有吸湿性物质的溶液中，浸泡20-120min后取出，得到红外发射率可调节的红外发射率调控层。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN114137641A (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 武汉大学 | 一种用于可见与红外双波段伪装的微流控薄膜及其制备方法 |
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