CN108718887B

CN108718887B - Method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia vine

Info

Publication number: CN108718887B
Application number: CN201810575044.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李小勇; 夏华祥; 蒋臻韬; 黄春梅; 黄丹娜
Original assignee: Hezhou University
Current assignee: Hezhou University
Priority date: 2018-06-06
Filing date: 2018-06-06
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-06
Also published as: CN108718887A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of Flemingia sprangletop, which comprises the following steps of carrying out alternate planting management until the Flemingia sprangletop enters a flowering pod period: (1) spraying paclobutrazol at the initial stage of flower pod, wherein the concentration is 50-150 mg/l, and continuously spraying for 3 times in sunny days; (2) spraying a leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer in the middle stage of the flower pod when the seed setting number of each fruit pod is 1-2 grains; (3) the method combines the main problems of the flemingia philippinensis in the pod period and the pod ripening characteristic, combines a front control mode, a middle supplement mode and a back beating mode, and comprehensively adopts a method of 'nutrition outside roots' + 'chemical regulation' + 'agricultural measures', overcomes the influence of external adverse environment, causes the inconsistency of seed ripening and saturation and the limitation of pod ripening characteristic, improves the seed ripening rate and seed weight of the flemingia philippinensis, and further improves the seed yield level.

Description

Method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia vine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia philippinensis.

Background

The seeds are the material basis for the production of the traditional Chinese medicinal material flemingia philippinensis, and the improvement of the seed setting rate and the grain weight is one of effective ways for increasing the seed yield and is also an important guarantee for stable supply of high-quality seed sources. In the production of large-area seeds, different medicaments are regularly sprayed to prevent and control the harm of different types of pests to reproductive organs in a pod stage; increasing the times of harvesting to improve the seed setting rate and the seed yield. However, the flemingia philippinensis has a long pod period and a large number of spraying times, so that the spraying and harvesting workload is large and the production cost of seeds is high; meanwhile, the method causes certain pollution to the base environment; the method mainly increases the seed yield by chemical prevention and control means and prolongs the harvesting period, solves the influence of external biological factors on seed production to a certain extent, but does not apply auxiliary technologies and measures such as chemical regulation and control and the like to improve the uniformity, the maturing rate and the grain weight of the seeds in the flowering pod period and further improve the yield per unit of the seeds aiming at the self-reproduction characteristics of plants.

Disclosure of Invention

The reproductive growth stage of the flemingia spranglea is influenced by the pod bearing habit in the pod bearing period and is limited by the seed bearing number of the pod per se, so that the maturity of seeds is inconsistent, the maturity is long and the harvesting standard is inconsistent; in addition, the temperature is higher in the daytime during the mature period of the seeds, the seeds are easy to naturally crack and fall off, and meanwhile, serious insect damage exists during the pod setting period, so that the seed setting rate is low and the seed yield level is reduced. Aiming at the growth characteristics and the main problems of the flemingia sprangles in the pod stage, the invention purposefully adopts cultivation technical measures and agricultural measures to improve the fructification rate and the grain weight and further increase the yield, and the method comprises the following steps:

a method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia vine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) spraying paclobutrazol at the initial stage of flower pod, wherein the concentration is 50-150 mg/l, and continuously spraying for 3 times in sunny days; (2) spraying a leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer in the middle stage of the flower pod when the seed setting number of each fruit pod is 1-2 grains; (3) and (5) topping the flower pod at the later stage.

Further, the paclobutrazol is continuously sprayed for 3 times in the afternoon of a sunny day at the initial stage of the flower pods in the step (1).

Further, the concentration of paclobutrazol sprayed in the initial stage of the pod in the step (1) is 50mg/l, the maturity of the pod is different due to the synchronization of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in the vine pod stage, and the length of internodes of pod bearing nodes is controlled by using paclobutrazol; inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting the conversion of photosynthesis products to a reproductive growth center, spraying low-concentration paclobutrazol (50mg/L) at the initial stage of initialization, continuously spraying for 3 times in the afternoon of a sunny day, inhibiting the vegetative growth of the paclobutrazol, ensuring the maturity of fruit pods developing in the same inflorescence, being beneficial to improving the transfer rate of the photosynthesis products to reproductive organs at the mature stage, and obviously increasing the weight and the maturity of seeds to a certain extent; meanwhile, the concentrated harvesting of the fruit pods is facilitated, and the harvesting times are reduced.

In the middle stage of flower pods, the concentration of water-soluble fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surface is 0.15%, the water-soluble fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 3 times in the afternoon of a sunny day, the flower pod period of flemingia philippinensis reaches 2-3 months, the number of seeds of each fruit pod is 1-2, and the characteristics of easy senescence and easy natural burst of seeds in the same later stage of growth are achieved; meanwhile, the seed setting rate and the seed saturation degree can be obviously improved.

Further, in the middle pod stage of the step (2), the water-soluble fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surface is boron fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and a mixed solution of the boron fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer.

Further, the boron fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate (the purity is more than or equal to 96%); the potash fertilizer is polymerized sodium borate (the purity is more than or equal to 99%).

Further, when the later-stage topping time of the flower pods in the step (3) is that the number of leaves reaches 18-22 or the number of pod-bearing nodes reaches 5-6, harvesting is repeated for a long time due to the long harvesting period of the vine jack; the flower pod later stage receives low temperature overcast and rainy weather influence, and the pod maturity differs, and the setting percentage is showing and is reducing, for reducing the influence of the adverse environmental factor in flower pod later stage to seed setting, and the abundant one-time maturity of seed of guarantee later stage podding, and the less number of times of gathering improves seed quality in earlier middle period with improving. In the later stage of the flower pod, when the number of leaves reaches 20 or the number of pod bearing nodes reaches 5-6, the apical dominance is removed through the agricultural measure of topping, the development of the inflorescence in the later stage is promoted, the effective number of the fruit pod is increased, the maturity is high, the seeds are fully mature, the later-stage harvesting is facilitated, the workload for harvesting is reduced, the maturing rate and the grain weight are obviously increased, and the yield is further increased.

Further, after the steps (1), (2) and (3), the plant is determined and the nylon mesh bag is sleeved.

Furthermore, the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and 2 plants are planted in each hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method combines the main problems of the flemingia philippinensis in the pod period and the pod ripening characteristic, combines a seed production mode of 'front control, middle supplement and back beating', and comprehensively adopts a method of 'nutrition outside roots' + 'chemical regulation' + 'agricultural measures', overcomes the influence of external adverse environment, causes inconsistent seed maturity and saturation and the limitation of the pod ripening characteristic, improves the seed ripening rate and the grain weight of the flemingia philippinensis, and further improves the seed yield level. The method has the following obvious advantages: (1) the seed setting rate can be obviously improved to 77, 5% by adopting the method, and can be improved by 7-8% compared with the setting rate of a Control (CK); (2) the grain weight is obviously increased, and by applying the method, the thousand grain weight of the flemingia philippinensis can be increased by 7.32 percent compared with that of the control; (3) the pod maturity is improved, the harvesting is concentrated at one time in the later period, and the harvesting period is shortened; (4) is beneficial to increasing the seed yield, reducing the harvesting times, saving the seed production cost, reducing the adverse effect on the ecological environment and further influencing the seed yield and quality.

Detailed Description

In order to provide a further understanding and appreciation for the structural features and advantages achieved by the present invention, the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments is provided:

example 1

Comparative examples of different extra-root nutrient sprays

In the embodiment, a single-factor random block design is adopted, and the treatment level is divided into 4 types of A-clear water (as a control), B-96% of monopotassium phosphate (0.15%), C-amino acid micro-fertilizer AA >100g/l) D-trace boron foliar fertilizer (polymeric sodium borate is more than or equal to 99%), the plant spacing of a test plot is 10cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm; each cell is 3.5m long, line width is 1.5m, cell area is 5.25m2, 3 times of repetition, and total 12 cells. Spraying leaf surface in pod-bearing period, spraying in the evening of no rain day for 3 days, fixing plant, covering nylon mesh bag, sampling in mature period, examining seed (economic character) and determining dry weight, and comparing treatment effect. Test results show that the spraying of trace amount of boron (B) fertilizer in all treatments has the best treatment effect, and compared with CK, the fertilizer shows stronger comparative advantages in seed yield composition factors and single plant dry matter weight (tables 1-2), and particularly has obvious effect on improving seed setting rate in the yield composition factors (Table 1)

TABLE 1 Effect of different foliar fertilizers on constitutive factors of Philippine flemingia root seed yield

Note: lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

TABLE 2 Effect of different foliar fertilizers on the distribution of the dry matter of aerial parts of Flemingia philippinensis

Example 2

Screening example of the optimum concentration of paclobutrazol

The examples used a single-factor randomized block design, designing 4 different drug concentration levels, CK-flush, B1: 50mg/L, B2:100mg/L, B3:150 mg/L. The row spacing of a test cell is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, 2 plants are planted in each hole, each treatment cell is 3.0m long and 1.5m wide, the area of each cell is 4.5 square meters, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, the total number of the cells is 12, paclobutrazol with different concentrations is sprayed in the initial stage of flowering, the plants are fixed and sleeved with nylon mesh bags, the seeds (economic characters) are sampled and tested in the mature period, and the dry weight of the seeds is measured. The effect of different treatment concentration levels was compared. The test results show that the paclobutrazol (15%) formulation has the best treatment effect at the concentration of 50mg/l, and has more obvious comparative advantages in indexes such as yield composition factors, biomass and the like compared with CK (tables 3-4).

TABLE 3 Effect of different concentrations of paclobutrazol on factor constituting Flemingia philippinensis seed yield

TABLE 4 Effect of different concentrations of paclobutrazol on the distribution of the dry matter of the aerial parts of Flemingia philippinensis

Example 3

Comparative example with topping and No topping

The embodiment adopts a space ratio implementation design, the non-topping is taken as a reference (CK), different topping periods are taken as test treatment comprising T1: 18T: 20 leaves, T3:22 leaves, the row spacing of test cells is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, 2-3 plants are planted in each hole, 2 plants are planted in each hole, each treatment cell is 3.0m long and 1.5m wide, the area of each cell is 4.5 square meters, the number of times of repetition is 3, the total number of the treatment cells is 12, in the pod period (knot topping treatment), the plants are fixed and sleeved with nylon mesh bags, the seeds are sampled and tested (economic characters) in the mature period, and the dry weight of the seeds is measured. And comparing the treatment effects of the different topping periods, and the test result shows that: the topping treatment has different promoting effects on yield factors, biomass and the like of the flemingia vine seeds, but the T2 treatment (20 leaves) has obvious positive effects on the flemingia vine seed setting rate, the single plant grain number and the biomass.

TABLE 5 influence of topping on Jack seed yield contributors

TABLE 6 Effect of different topping periods on the distribution of the dry matter of the aerial parts of the Jack

From the embodiments 1 to 3, the method combines the main problems of the flemingia philippinensis in the pod period and the pod ripening characteristic, combines the seed production modes of 'front control, middle supplement and back beating', and comprehensively adopts the method of 'nutrition outside roots' + 'chemical control' + 'agricultural measures', so that the influence of external adverse environment, the inconsistency of the seed maturity and saturation and the limitation of the pod ripening characteristic of the flemingia philippinensis are overcome, the seed ripening rate and the seed weight of the flemingia philippinensis are improved, and the seed yield level is further improved. In the large-scale field planting process, the problems of cost and the like can be combined, and the seed setting rate and the grain weight of the flemingia philippinensis can be improved by adopting the mode of combining one or two or three modes.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are not used to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia vine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) spraying paclobutrazol at the initial stage of flower pod, wherein the concentration is 50mg/l, and continuously spraying for 3 times in sunny days; (2) spraying a leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer when the seed setting number of each fruit pod is 1-2 in the middle stage of the flower pod, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is a potassium fertilizer or a mixed solution of a boron fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer; (3) and (4) topping the flower pod at the later stage, wherein the topping time is that the number of leaves reaches 18-22 or the number of pod bearing nodes reaches 5-6.

2. The method for improving seed setting rate and seed weight of Flemingia sprawl according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of paclobutrazol at the initial pod stage in step (1) is continuously performed 3 times in the afternoon of a sunny day.

3. The method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia sprawlata according to claim 1, wherein in the middle pod stage of the step (2), the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer applied to the leaf surface is 0.15%, and the water-soluble fertilizer is continuously applied for 3 times in the afternoon on a sunny day.

4. The method for improving seed setting rate and grain weight of flemingia philippinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boric fertilizer is sodium polyborate, and the purity of the sodium polyborate is greater than or equal to 99%; the potassium fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the purity of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is more than or equal to 96%.

5. The method for improving seed setting rate and seed weight of Flemingia sprangles according to claim 1, wherein nylon mesh bags are fixed and sleeved after the steps (1), (2) and (3).

6. The method for improving seed set percentage and grain weight of Flemingia philippinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, 2-3 seeds per hole and 2 plants per hole are planted in the field.