CN108714181A - 一种中药组合物及其在治疗幼儿厌食症方面的应用 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物及其在治疗幼儿厌食症方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108714181A CN108714181A CN201810889152.XA CN201810889152A CN108714181A CN 108714181 A CN108714181 A CN 108714181A CN 201810889152 A CN201810889152 A CN 201810889152A CN 108714181 A CN108714181 A CN 108714181A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中药组合物及其在治疗幼儿厌食症方面的应用,具体涉及一种中药提取物,其特征在于所述中药提取物包含A、B、C三个组分,其中组分A提取物为芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻经水回流提取物;组分B提取物为六神曲、鸡内金、山楂经无水乙醇回流提取物;组分C提取物为白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮经50%乙醇回流提取物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种中药组合物及其在治疗幼儿厌食症方面的应用。
背景技术
幼儿厌食症以食欲不振为主要症状,具体发病机制则是由于情绪刺激、环境变化等影响到脑肠肽-食欲调节中枢,导致胃肠动力下降、食欲下降,形成厌食症。另外,由于小儿生长发育迅速,微量元素供给容易不足,特别是锌的缺乏,可导致唾液中磷酸酶减少,从而影响味蕾细胞更新,味觉敏感度下降,易致小儿胃纳不香,食欲不振、厌食。目前,临床以结合病因对症处理为主,如采用补锌、改善胃肠动力、促进消化吸收、调节肠道菌群、及纠正不良生活习惯等对症治疗,对于严重顽固性厌食者则采用激素疗法,但长期观察,临床效果不佳。因此,开发一种既能提高胃动素(MTL)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)含量,降低胆囊收缩素(CCK8)含量,又能补充微量元素(锌、铁)的中药组合物,显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明提供一种中药,其特征在于所述中药包含如下重量份配比的原料:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种中药提取物,其特征在于所述中药提取物包含A、B、C三个组分,其中组分A提取物为芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻经水回流提取物;组分B提取物为六神曲、鸡内金、山楂经无水乙醇回流提取物;组分C提取物为白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮经50%乙醇回流提取物;其中按重量份计,上述提取物中使用原料的份数如下:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药提取物的制备方法,其特征在于组分A、B、C提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)组分A提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻,粉碎混匀后,加入水回流提取3-5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分A提取物;
(2)组分B提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将六神曲、鸡内金、山楂,粉碎混匀后,加入无水乙醇回流提取6-8小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分B提取物;
(3)组分C提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮,粉碎混匀后,加入50%乙醇回流提取3-5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分C提取物。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药提取物的制备方法,其特征在于还包括如下步骤:
(4)将组分A提取物、组分B提取物、组分C提取物溶于95%乙醇中,加热至50-55℃后,加入活性炭搅拌1-2小时后,过滤,浓缩、干燥即得所述中药提取物。
本发明提供一种中药蜜丸,其特征在于所述中药蜜丸由如下重量份配比的有效成分组成:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、炙甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
上述中药蜜丸,还包括药学上可接受的辅料,优选蜂蜜,进一步优选炼蜜;其中蜂蜜(优选炼蜜)的用量以保证将上述中药有效成分制成合格的丸剂为宜,本领域的技术人员可以根据蜜丸制备的常规技术对蜂蜜(优选炼蜜)的用量进行合理选择(优选为有效成分总重的0.8-1.0倍)。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备保健品中的应用,所述保健品用于提高微量元素的吸收。所述微量元素优选锌、铁。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备提高血浆中MTL含量的药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备提高血浆中β-EP含量的药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备降低血浆中CCK8含量的药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备提高血浆中MTL和β-EP含量,同时降低CCK8含量的药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备促胃肠动力药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备提高食欲药物中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备预防和/或治疗幼儿厌食症中的应用。
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸在制备预防和/或治疗功能性胃肠病药物中的应用。
本发明所述的中药原料(或有效成分)可以为中药材、中药饮片或中成药。本发明涉及50%、95%乙醇均为体积百分数。
本发明中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸涉及到的炮制、剂型制备等,属于中药及剂型领域常规的技术,是本领域技术人员根据现有技术(例如药典、教科书及制药领域的其他技术规范)就可以实现制备,本发明对上述涉及到的炮制、剂型制备的方法不再赘述。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸的优点在于:(1)可显著提高小儿厌食模型大鼠体重、摄食量;(2)可显著降低模型大鼠胃残留率,提高模型大鼠小肠推进率;(3)可显著提高模型大鼠血浆锌、铁含量;(4)可显著升高模型大鼠MTL、β-EP含量,降低CCK8含量。
具体实施方式
为了便于对本发明的进一步理解,下面提供的实施例对其做了更详细的说明。但是这些实施例仅供更好的理解发明而并非用来限定本发明的范围或实施原则,本发明的实施方式不限于以下内容。
实施例1
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实2份、去芯莲子2份、泽泻1份、六神曲2份、鸡内金2份、山楂4份、白术4份、白芍1份、山药2份、去皮茯苓4份、甘草7份、使君子2份、陈皮2份;每份代表30g。
(1)组分A提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻,粉碎混匀后,加入水回流提取3小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分A提取物3.21g;
(2)组分B提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将六神曲、鸡内金、山楂,粉碎混匀后,加入无水乙醇回流提取6小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分B提取物4.32g;
(3)组分C提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮,粉碎混匀后,加入50%乙醇回流提取3小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分C提取物16.57g;
(4)将组分A提取物、组分B提取物、组分C提取物溶于体积分数为95%乙醇(800mL)中,加热至50-55℃后,加入适量的活性炭搅拌1小时后,过滤,浓缩、干燥即得所述中药提取物(23.05g),以下简称产品a。
实施例2
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实5份、去芯莲子5份、泽泻2份、六神曲4份、鸡内金5份、山楂6份、白术6份、白芍4份、山药5份、去皮茯苓6份、甘草12份、使君子5份、陈皮5份;每份代表20g。
(1)组分A提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻,粉碎混匀后,加入水回流提取5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分A提取物5.10g;
(2)组分B提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将六神曲、鸡内金、山楂,粉碎混匀后,加入无水乙醇回流提取8小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分B提取物5.32g;
(3)组分C提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮,粉碎混匀后,加入50%乙醇回流提取5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分C提取物23.69g;
(4)将组分A提取物、组分B提取物、组分C提取物溶于体积分数为95%乙醇(1.2L)中,加热至50-55℃后,加入适量的活性炭搅拌2小时后,过滤,浓缩、干燥即得所述中药提取物(32.16g),以下简称产品b。
实施例3
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实2份、去芯莲子2份、泽泻1份、六神曲2份、鸡内金2份、山楂4份、白术4份、白芍1份、山药2份、去皮茯苓4份、甘草7份、使君子2份、陈皮2份;每份代表30g。
将上述重量份的中药原料,粉碎混匀后,加入水回流提取3小时后,趁热过滤,滤液中加适量的活性炭搅拌1小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得中药提取物16.20g,以下简称产品c。
实施例4
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实2份、去芯莲子2份、泽泻1份、六神曲2份、鸡内金2份、山楂4份、白术4份、白芍1份、山药2份、去皮茯苓4份、甘草7份、使君子2份、陈皮2份;每份代表30g。
将上述重量份的中药原料,粉碎混匀后,加入无水乙醇回流提取6小时后,趁热过滤,滤液中加适量的活性炭搅拌1小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得中药提取物18.39g,以下简称产品d。
实施例5
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实2份、去芯莲子2份、泽泻1份、六神曲2份、鸡内金2份、山楂4份、白术4份、白芍1份、山药2份、去皮茯苓4份、甘草7份、使君子2份、陈皮2份;每份代表30g。
将上述重量份的中药原料,粉碎混匀后,加入体积分数95%乙醇回流提取5小时后,趁热过滤,滤液中加适量的活性炭搅拌1小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得中药提取物20.15g,以下简称产品e。
实施例6
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实2份、去芯莲子2份、泽泻1份、六神曲2份、鸡内金2份、山楂4份、白术4份、白芍1份、山药2份、去皮茯苓4份、炙甘草7份、使君子2份、陈皮2份;每份代表30g。
将上述重量份的中药原料,粉碎、过筛、混匀,加炼蜜(28份),制成小蜜丸(每10丸重2克,以下简称产品f)。
实施例7
按重量份计,中药原料的份数如下:芡实5份、去芯莲子5份、泽泻2份、六神曲4份、鸡内金5份、山楂6份、白术6份、白芍4份、山药5份、去皮茯苓6份、炙甘草12份、使君子5份、陈皮5份;每份代表20g。
将上述重量份的中药原料,粉碎、过筛、混匀,加炼蜜(70份),制成小蜜丸(每10丸重2克,以下简称产品g)。
实施例8
1.实验材料
1.1实验动物
动物来源:120只(50-60g)SD幼龄大鼠,雌雄各半。动物由西安交通大学医学院实验动物中心提供,合格证号:61001700002598,许可证:SCXK(陕)2017-003
1.2实验药物及剂量
产品a-e的给药剂量为0.0100g/kg,产品f-g的给药剂量为1.5000g/kg,阳性药多潘立酮的给药剂量为0.0125g/kg,给药方式为将药物用生理盐水分散后灌胃给药。
1.3实验所用饲料
常规饲料由陕西中医医院中药研究所药理科提供;造模期间所用特制饲料自制。
1.4试剂
CCK-8大鼠ELISA试剂盒购自上海艾莱萨生物科技有限公司,货号:EIA-3135R。
β-EP大鼠ELISA试剂盒购自上海艾莱萨生物科技有限公司,货号:EIA-3176。
MLT大鼠ELISA试剂盒购自上海艾莱萨生物科技有限公司,货号:EIA-3375。
1.5实验仪器
BAS224S电子天平,赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司生产。
IMark型酶标仪,美国伯乐公司生产。
DH4000BⅡ电热恒温培养箱,天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司生产。
2.实验方法
2.1造模方法
将120只幼龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组与造模组两组。对照组12只,模型组108只,每组雌雄各半。对照组用喂食常规饲料,造模组喂食特制饲料,造模三周。造模组大鼠食量下降明显,造模组摄食量应为对照组的50%-70%,体重为对照组的80%-90%造模期间没有拱背、腹泻、倦卧等显著脾虚症状,认定为造模成功。每日定时记录大鼠食量和体重,并观察造模大鼠毛色是否如常、情绪及活动是否激动暴躁。
特制饲料配制:将鲜猪油(望河岭)、奶粉(伊利全脂奶粉)、鱼肉松(海洋牌)、白砂糖(华润万家散装)、鲜鸡蛋(华润散装)、玉米粉(粹)(五丰牌)、黄豆粉(五丰牌)按:2:1:1:1:1.8:1:2的比例配制混匀,手工捏成饼干状,平均每块特制饼干重量在20g左右,晾晒后,避湿存储。
2.2动物分组及治疗
造模后,造模组按照体重梯度重新分组,分为模型组、阳性药组、受试药(产品a-g)组,每组12只雌雄各半。
阳性药组、受试药(产品a-g)组,每日定时进行灌胃,多潘立酮和产品a-g,对照组与模型组同时灌胃等量的生理盐水。给药第四周结束后进行指标检测。
2.3动物的一般生理性指标观察
观察实验过程中各组大鼠体重、食量、毛色、情绪及活动变化情况。每日上午在固定时段给大鼠投食(9时-10时),用LT1001电子天平记录投放食物的重量,次日上午在同一时段称量前一天投放所剩食量并记录。记录摄食量后依次给每组大鼠称重,必要时加深大鼠号码标记,以免出现人为数据误差。实验动物摄食量等于投放食量与剩余食量之差。记录每日大鼠体重,以及动物房温湿度。
2.4胃肠动力测定
(1)胃排空测定
末次给药后,禁食24小时,禁食期间大鼠自由饮水。禁食当天给大鼠进行平行分组。禁食24小时后处死,处死前大鼠均灌胃营养性半固体糊2mL/只。灌胃60min后麻醉,取血,结扎胃贲门和幽门,以及十二指肠,迅速将胃及肠取出。取胃后用滤纸拭干、称重,在胃部上方开口,用生理盐水冲洗胃内残留物后,用滤纸将胃部拭干称其净重并进行记录。
胃内残留率的计算方法为胃部全重与净重差值占所灌营养性半固体糊的重量的百分比。
(2)小肠推进率测定
迅速将小肠取出后,轻轻将小肠剥离,不得用力拉伸,置于桌上(桌面上铺白纸,以免测量出现误差)用尺子量取幽门至半固体营养糊(黑色)前沿处及十二指肠全长(幽门至回盲部)。
小肠推进率的计算方法为幽门至半固体营养糊前沿处占十二指肠全长的百分率。营养性半固体糊的配制:先取羟甲基纤维钠5g,置于125mL蒸馏(温热)水中溶解后,依次加入全脂奶粉(伊利牌)8g、活性炭(科密欧试剂)2g、白砂糖(华润散装)4g、淀粉(厨大妈)4g搅拌均匀,配制成150mL约150g的糊状物(黑色)。2.5血浆中微量元素测定
麻醉后,在颈总动脉取血(2mL/只),置入5mL肝纳素抗凝管中,迅速转动肝纳素试管,防止凝血,并保证整个过程无污染。将取好的血样送至西安微量元素检测中心进行火焰原子吸收法检测微量元素含量。
2.6血浆中MTL、CCK8、β-EP含量测定
颈总动脉取血(4mL/只),置入EDTA抗凝管中,离心机3500r/min,4℃离心10min。移取上清液于EP管中,用ELISA试剂盒于酶标仪上检测血浆中β-EP、MLT含量及CCK-8含量。
2.7统计方法
应用SPSS23.0软件进行统计学分析。所有数据均采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为差异有显著性意义。
3.实验结果
3.1一般生理性指标
(1)造模过程动物体重及摄食量变化
适应性喂养两日,第三日开始投食特制饲料。整体动物摄食量呈增加趋势,体重增值稳定。第4天开始,造模组摄食量开始出现显著性差异(P<0.05),体重在5天后开始产生显著性差异(P<0.05)。第10天有部分造模大鼠开始有脱毛迹象,两周后部分大鼠可见地图状毛发,毛色无光泽,情绪明显浮躁,打斗较激烈。
表1造模体重变化
注:与模型比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表2造模摄食量
注:与模型比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
(2)给药后动物体重变化
造模21天重新分组,第二天开始给药。给药后四周模型组摄食始终低于对照组(P<0.01),给药第四周,阳性药组、产品a-g组摄食量大于模型组(P<0.01);从第19天开始,产品a组大鼠体重明显大于模型组(P<0.05);第21天,产品e组大鼠体重明显大于模型组(P<0.05);第23天,产品d组大鼠体重明显大于模型组(P<0.05)。阳性组,产品a、d、e中脱毛大鼠,严重者几乎全体脱毛,肉眼可见粉色皮肤表层,在给药一周后有明显改善,毛色恢复光泽,与造模时期相比脾性相对稳定,发生打斗等活动为正常行为。
表3给药后体重变化(g)
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
3.2胃内残留率及小肠推进率
(1)胃排空测定:结果见表4,模型组胃内残留率明显大于对照组(P<0.01),阳性药组、产品a-g组(每组12只大鼠)胃内残留率明显小于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。
表4胃内残留率
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
(2)肠推进测定:结果见表5,模型组小肠推进率明显小于与对照组(P<0.01),阳性药组、产品a-g组(每组12只大鼠)小肠推进率明显大于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。
表5小肠推进率
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
3.3血浆中微量元素含量
结果见表6,模型组大鼠血浆锌、铁含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),阳性药组、产品a-g组(每组12只大鼠)大鼠血浆中锌元素明显高于模型组(P<0.01);阳性药组、产品a-g组血浆中铁元素明显高于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);各组大鼠血浆中铜元素含量无显著性差异。
表6血浆中微量元素含量
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
3.4血浆中MTL、CCK8、β-EP含量
结果见表7-9,模型组大鼠血浆MTL、β-EP含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),阳性药组、产品a-g组(每组12只大鼠)血浆MTL含量明显高于模型组(P<0.01);模型组大鼠血浆CCK8含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),阳性药组、产品a-g组血浆MTL含量明显低于模型组(P<0.01)。
表7大鼠血清MTL含量
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表8大鼠血浆CCK-8含量
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表9大鼠血浆β-EP含量
注:与模型组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01
通过以上实验可以看出,本发明中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸:(1)可显著提高小儿厌食模型大鼠体重;(2)可显著降低模型大鼠胃残留率,提高模型大鼠小肠推进率;(3)可显著提高模型大鼠血浆锌、铁含量;(4)可显著升高模型大鼠MTL、β-EP含量,降低CCK8含量。即本发明中药、中药提取物、中药蜜丸可以有效改善幼儿厌食模型的厌食症状,其作用机理可能为通过调节MTL、β-EP、CCK8含量,即“脑肠肽-食欲枢”来实现其治疗作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药,其特征在于所述中药包含如下重量份配比的原料:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
2.一种中药提取物,其特征在于所述中药提取物包含A、B、C三个组分,其中组分A提取物为芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻经水回流提取物;组分B提取物为六神曲、鸡内金、山楂经无水乙醇回流提取物;组分C提取物为白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮经50%乙醇回流提取物;其中按重量份计,上述提取物中使用原料的份数如下:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
3.权利要求2所述的中药提取物的制备方法,其特征在于组分A、B、C提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)组分A提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将芡实、去芯莲子、泽泻,粉碎混匀后,加入水回流提取3-5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分A提取物;
(2)组分B提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将六神曲、鸡内金、山楂,粉碎混匀后,加入无水乙醇回流提取6-8小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分B提取物;
(3)组分C提取物的制备:按照上述重量份,将白术、白芍、山药、去皮茯苓、甘草、使君子、陈皮,粉碎混匀后,加入50%乙醇回流提取3-5小时后,过滤,滤液浓缩、干燥即得组分C提取物。
4.一种中药蜜丸,其特征在于所述中药蜜丸由如下重量份配比的有效成分组成:芡实2-5份、去芯莲子2-5份、泽泻1-2份、六神曲2-4份、鸡内金2-5份、山楂4-6份、白术4-6份、白芍1-4份、山药2-5份、去皮茯苓4-6份、炙甘草7-12份、使君子2-5份、陈皮2-5份。
5.权利要求4所述的中药蜜丸,其特征在于还包括药学上可接受的辅料,优选蜂蜜,进一步优选炼蜜。
6.权利要求1所述的中药、权利要求2所述的中药提取物、权利要求4-5所述的中药蜜丸在制备保健品中的应用,所述保健品用于提高微量元素的吸收。
所述微量元素优选锌、铁。
7.权利要求1所述的中药、权利要求2所述的中药提取物、权利要求4-5所述的中药蜜丸在制备提高血浆中MTL和β-EP含量,同时降低CCK8含量的药物中的应用。
8.权利要求1所述的中药、权利要求2所述的中药提取物、权利要求4-5所述的中药蜜丸在制备促胃肠动力药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1所述的中药、权利要求2所述的中药提取物、权利要求4-5所述的中药蜜丸在制备预防和/或治疗幼儿厌食症中的应用。在制备提高食欲药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述的中药、权利要求2所述的中药提取物、权利要求4-5所述的中药蜜丸在制备预防和/或治疗功能性胃肠病药物中的应用。
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