CN108699320B - 固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物 - Google Patents
固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108699320B CN108699320B CN201780011656.5A CN201780011656A CN108699320B CN 108699320 B CN108699320 B CN 108699320B CN 201780011656 A CN201780011656 A CN 201780011656A CN 108699320 B CN108699320 B CN 108699320B
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Abstract
本发明提供固化物的玻璃化转变温度高、密合性优异的固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物。其含有:阳离子聚合性成分(A)30~99质量份、阳离子聚合引发剂(B)0.1~10质量份、自由基聚合性成分(C)0~55质量份、自由基聚合引发剂(D)0~10质量份、及聚合物(E)1~30质量份,所述聚合物(E)的重均分子量为1000~30000,选自由式(I)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物等,式(I)中,X为碳原子数1~7的烷基等,式(II)中,R1表示氢原子等,X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基等,(A)成分是分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物等及脂环式环氧化合物,(C)成分是具有环氧基等的化合物等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物,详细而言涉及固化物的玻璃化转变温度高、密合性优异的固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物。
背景技术
固化性组合物用于墨、涂料、各种涂布剂、粘接剂、光学构件等的领域中。有关这样的固化性组合物的改良进行了各种报告。
例如,下述专利文献1~3中提出了:含有阳离子聚合性成分和自由基聚合性成分的能量射线固化性组合物或其固化物。例如,专利文献1中提出了:初始固化性和粘接性优异的偏光板用粘接剂组合物。另外,专利文献2中提出了塑料薄膜等用活性能量射线固化型粘接剂组合物,其为低粘度、固化性优异、即使涂覆/固化时的气氛湿度高也与各种塑料薄膜等的粘接力优异、无色透明性也优异。进而,专利文献3中提出了塑料薄膜等用活性能量射线固化型粘接剂组合物,其为低粘度、固化性优异、与包括(甲基)丙烯酸树脂、环烯烃聚合物在内的各种塑料薄膜等的粘接力优异、无色透明性也优异。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-105218号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2015-057467号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2015-229744号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,即使作为专利文献1~3中提出的固化性组合物,对于固化性和密合性而言,有时也未必能满足要求,现状是期望能够高度地兼顾固化性和密合性的、新型的固化性组合物。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供固化物的玻璃化转变温度高、密合性优异的固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等为了解决上述课题而进行了深入研究,结果发现若是具有特定的组成的固化性组合物就能解决上述课题,以至完成了本发明。
即,本发明的固化性组合物的特征在于,其以阳离子聚合性成分(A)和自由基聚合性成分(C)和聚合物(E)的总计为100质量份的方式含有:所述阳离子聚合性成分(A)30~99质量份、阳离子聚合引发剂(B)0.1~10质量份、所述自由基聚合性成分(C)0~55质量份、自由基聚合引发剂(D)0~10质量份、及所述聚合物(E)1~30质量份,所述聚合物(E)的重均分子量为1000~30000,所述聚合物(E)选自由下述聚合物组成的组:由下述式(I)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由下述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(I)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(II)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、或由所述式(I)所示的单体和所述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物,
(式(I)中,X为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数1~7的烷氧基、碳原子数6~12的芳基、碳原子数6~12的芳氧基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团),
(式(II)中,R1表示氢原子、甲基或卤素原子,X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团),
前述阳离子聚合性成分(A)将分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)、及脂环式环氧化合物(A2)作为必须成分,
前述自由基聚合性成分(C)将具有环氧基和烯属不饱和基团的化合物(C1)、或碳原子数2~20的醇的丙烯酸酯或者碳原子数2~20的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(C2)作为必须成分。此处,重均分子量是指:在四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂中,利用GPC测定并以苯乙烯换算求出的重均分子量。
对于本发明的固化性组合物,前述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)中的多元醇优选为具有稠环的多元醇。另外,对于本发明的固化性组合物,前述脂环式环氧化合物(A2)优选为选自由3’,4’-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯、7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷、聚[氧基-(1-氧代-1,6-己烷二基)]]衍生物、己二酸双[(7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-基)甲基]、1,2-环氧-4-乙烯基环己烷、3,4-环氧环己基甲基甲基丙烯酸酯和柠檬烯二氧化物组成的组中的一种以上。进而,对于本发明的固化性组合物,优选:前述聚合物(E)是由前述式(I)所示的单体和前述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物,前述式(I)中的X为碳原子数6~12的芳基,前述式(II)中的X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基,前述烷基被环氧基取代。
本发明的固化物的制造方法的特征在于,对本发明的固化性组合物照射活性能量射线或进行加热。
本发明的固化物的特征在于,其为本发明的固化性组合物的固化物。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供固化物的玻璃化转变温度高、密合性优异的固化性组合物、固化物的制造方法、及其固化物。本发明的固化性组合物尤其对粘接剂是有用的。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的固化性组合物进行详细地说明。
本发明的固化性组合物以(A)成分和(C)成分和(E)成分的总计为100质量份的方式含有:阳离子聚合性成分(A)30~99质量份、阳离子聚合引发剂(B)0.1~10质量份、自由基聚合性成分(C)0~55质量份、自由基聚合引发剂(D)0~10质量份、及聚合物(E)1~30质量份,所述聚合物(E)的重均分子量为1000~30000,所述聚合物(E)选自由下述聚合物组成的组:由下述式(I)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由下述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(I)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(II)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、或由所述式(I)所示的单体和所述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物。对于本发明的固化性组合物,阳离子聚合性成分(A)将分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)、及脂环式环氧化合物(A2)作为必须成分,自由基聚合性成分(C)将具有环氧基和烯属不饱和基团的化合物(C1)、或碳原子数2~20的醇的丙烯酸酯或者碳原子数2~20的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(C2)作为必须成分。
此处,式(I)中,X为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数1~7的烷氧基、碳原子数6~12的芳基、碳原子数6~12的芳氧基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团。
此处,式(II)中,R1表示氢原子、甲基或卤素原子,X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团。
本发明的固化性组合物的阳离子聚合性成分(A)是通过利用能量射线照射或加热而活化的阳离子聚合引发剂来发生高分子化或交联反应的化合物。可列举出:环氧化合物、氧杂环丁烷化合物、乙烯基醚化合物等。
本发明的固化性组合物的阳离子聚合性成分(A)将分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)、及脂环式环氧化合物(A2)作为必须成分,作为其它环氧化合物,可以使用芳香族环氧化合物(A3)等。阳离子聚合性成分(A)中的上述(A1)成分和(A2)成分的比例优选90质量%以上。
作为上述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1),可列举出使多元醇或多元醇环氧烷加成物缩水甘油基化而成的物质,缩水甘油化物的分子量为200以上。
作为上述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1),可列举出:1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、甘油的三缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷的三缩水甘油醚、山梨醇的四缩水甘油醚、二季戊四醇的六缩水甘油醚、聚乙二醇的二缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇的二缩水甘油醚、二环戊二烯二甲醇二缩水甘油醚等多元醇的缩水甘油醚、另外通过在丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油等脂肪族多元醇中加成1种或2种以上的环氧烷而得到的聚醚多元醇的多缩水甘油醚化物、脂肪族长链二元酸的二缩水甘油酯。
作为多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1),进而可列举出:脂肪族高级醇的单缩水甘油醚、高级脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯、环氧化大豆油、环氧硬脂酸辛酯、环氧硬脂酸丁酯、环氧化大豆油、环氧化聚丁二烯等。
作为分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1),具有饱和稠环的情况使固化物的固化性和密合性提高,故而优选。
作为上述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1),可以使用市售品,例如可列举出:DENACOL EX-121、DENACOL EX-171、DENACOL EX-192、DENACOL EX-211、DENACOL EX-212、DENACOL EX-313、DENACOL EX-314、DENACOL EX-321、DENACOL EX-411、DENACOL EX-421、DENACOL EX-512、DENACOL EX-521、DENACOL EX-611、DENACOL EX-612、DENACOL EX-614、DENACOL EX-622、DENACOL EX-810、DENACOL EX-811、DENACOL EX-850、DENACOL EX-851、DENACOL EX-821、DENACOL EX-830、DENACOL EX-832、DENACOL EX-841、DENACOL EX-861、DENACOL EX-911、DENACOL EX-941、DENACOL EX-920、DENACOL EX-931(Nagase ChemteX Corporation制);Epolight M-1230、Epolight 40E、Epolight 100E、Epolight 200E、Epolight 400E、Epolight 70P、Epolight200P、Epolight 400P、Epolight 1500NP、Epolight 1600、Epolight 80MF、Epolight 100MF(共荣社化学株式会社制),ADEKA Glycirol ED-503、ADEKA Glycirol ED-503G、ADEKAGlycirol ED-506、ADEKA Glycirol ED-523T、ADEKA RESIN EP-4088S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4080E(ADEKA株式会社制)等。
上述脂环式环氧化合物(A2)是指环氧乙烷环不借助键合基团而直接连接在饱和环上。作为脂环式环氧化合物(A2)的具体例子,可列举出:通过利用氧化剂使具有至少1个脂环式环的多元醇的多缩水甘油醚化物或环己烯、含有环戊烯环的化合物环氧化而得到的环己烯氧化物、含有环戊烯氧化物的化合物。例如可列举出:3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯、3,4-环氧-1-甲基环己基-3,4-环氧-1-甲基己基甲酸酯、6-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲基-6-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯、3,4-环氧-3-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧-3-甲基环己基甲酸酯、3,4-环氧-5-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧-5-甲基环己基甲酸酯、双(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)己二酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲酸酯、亚甲基双(3,4-环氧环己烷)、丙烷-2,2-二基-双(3,4-环氧环己烷)、2,2-双(3,4-环氧环己基)丙烷、双环戊二烯二环氧化物、亚乙基双(3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯)、环氧六氢化邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、环氧六氢化邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、1-环氧乙基-3,4-环氧环己烷、1,2-环氧-2-环氧乙基环己烷、α-蒎烯氧化物、柠檬烯二氧化物等。作为脂环式环氧化合物(A2),3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯或3,4-环氧-1-甲基环己基-3,4-环氧-1-甲基己基甲酸酯从密合性提高的观点出发而优选。
作为上述脂环式环氧化合物(A2),可以使用市售品,例如可列举出:CELLOXIDE2021P、CELLOXIDE 2081、CELLOXIDE 2000、CELLOXIDE3000(Daicel Corporation制)等。
上述芳香族环氧化合物(A3)是指包含芳香环的环氧化合物,作为芳香族环氧化合物的具体例子,可列举出:苯酚、甲酚、丁基苯酚等具有至少1个芳香族环的多元酚或其环氧烷加成物的单/多缩水甘油醚化物、例如:双酚A、双酚F、或在它们中进而加成了环氧烷的化合物的缩水甘油醚化物、酚醛清漆环氧树脂;间苯二酚、对苯二酚、邻苯二酚等具有2个以上酚羟基的芳香族化合物的单/多缩水甘油醚化物;苯基二甲醇、苯基二乙醇、苯基二丁醇等具有2个以上醇羟基的芳香族化合物的缩水甘油醚化物;邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸等具有2个以上羧酸的多元酸芳香族化合物的缩水甘油酯、苯甲酸的缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯氧化物或二乙烯基苯的环氧化物等。
作为上述芳香族环氧化合物(A3),可以使用市售品,例如可列举出:DENACOL EX-146、DENACOL EX-147、DENACOL EX-201、DENACOL EX-203、DENACOL EX-711、DENACOL EX-721、ONCOAT EX-1020、ONCOAT EX-1030、ONCOAT EX-1040、ONCOAT EX-1050、ONCOAT EX-1051、ONCOAT EX-1010、ONCOAT EX-1011、ONCOAT 1012(Nagase ChemteX Corporation制);OGSOL PG-100、OGSOL EG-200、OGSOL EG-210、OGSOL EG-250(Osaka Gas Chemicals Co.,Ltd.制);HP4032、HP4032D、HP4700(DIC株式会社制);ESN-475V(新日铁住金化学株式会社制);EPIKOTE YX8800(三菱化学株式会社制);MARPROOF G-0105SA、MARPROOF G-0130SP(日油株式会社制);EPICLON N-665、EPICLON HP-7200(DIC株式会社制);EOCN-1020、EOCN-102S、EOCN-103S、EOCN-104S、XD-1000、NC-3000、EPPN-501H、EPPN-501HY、EPPN-502H、NC-7000L(日本化药株式会社制);ADEKA RESIN EP-4000、ADEKA RESIN EP-4005、ADEKA RESINEP-4100、ADEKA RESIN EP-4901(ADEKA株式会社制);TECHMORE VG-3101L(Printech Co.,Ltd.制)等。作为上述芳香族环氧化合物,多官能芳香族环氧化合物的固化性优异,故而优选。
作为上述氧杂环丁烷化合物,可列举出:3,7-双(3-氧杂环丁基)-5-氧代-壬烷、1,4-双[(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲氧基)甲基]苯、1,2-双[(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲氧基)甲基]乙烷、1,3-双[(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲氧基)甲基]丙烷、乙二醇双(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲基)醚、三乙二醇双(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲基)醚、四乙二醇双(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲基)醚、1,4-双(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲氧基)丁烷、1,6-双(3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基甲氧基)己烷等二官能脂肪族氧杂环丁烷化合物、3-乙基-3-[(苯氧基)甲基]氧杂环丁烷、3-乙基-3-(己氧基甲基)氧杂环丁烷、3-乙基-3-(2-乙基己氧基甲基)氧杂环丁烷、3-乙基-3-(羟基甲基)氧杂环丁烷、3-乙基-3-(氯甲基)氧杂环丁烷等单官能氧杂环丁烷化合物等。它们可以单独使用1种或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述氧杂环丁烷化合物,可以使用以阳离子聚合性单体作为主要成分的市售品,例如可列举出:2-羟乙基乙烯基醚、二乙二醇单乙烯基醚、4-羟丁基乙烯基醚(丸善石油化学株式会社制);ARON OXETANE OXT-121、OXT-221、EXOH、POX、OXA、OXT-101、OXT-211、OXT-212(东亚合成株式会社制),ETERNACOLL OXBP、OXTP(宇部兴产株式会社制)等。
作为上述乙烯基醚化合物,例如可列举出:二乙二醇单乙烯基醚、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚、正十二烷基乙烯基醚、环己基乙烯基醚、2-乙基己基乙烯基醚、2-氯乙基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、三乙二醇乙烯基醚、2-羟乙基乙烯基醚、4-羟丁基乙烯基醚、1,6-环己烷二甲醇单乙烯基醚、乙二醇二乙烯基醚、1,4-丁二醇二乙烯基醚、1,6-环己烷二甲醇二乙烯基醚等。
上述阳离子聚合性成分(A)中,对于上述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)、脂环式环氧化合物(A2)、芳香族环氧化合物(A3)、氧杂环丁烷化合物和乙烯基醚化合物的使用比例,相对于阳离子聚合性成分(A)100质量份为:分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)10~99质量份、脂环式环氧化合物(A2)1~50质量份、芳香族环氧化合物(A3)0~80质量份、氧杂环丁烷化合物0~50质量份、乙烯基醚化合物0~20质量份,在此情况下使粘度、涂覆性、反应性和固化性提高,故而优选。
本发明的固化性组合物的阳离子聚合引发剂(B)只要是能利用能量射线照射或加热而释放出引发阳离子聚合的物质的化合物就可以是任意聚合引发剂,优选为通过能量射线的照射而释放出路易斯酸的鎓盐也就是复盐、或其衍生物。作为上述化合物的代表性物质,可以列举出由下述通式表示的阳离子和阴离子的盐。
[A]r+[B]r-
此处阳离子[A]r+优选为鎓,其结构例如可以由下述通式表示。
[(R2)aQ]r+
进而,此处,R2是碳原子数为1~60、可以包含除若干个碳原子以外的原子的有机基团。a是1~5的整数。a个R2各自独立地可以相同也可以不同。另外,至少1个优选为具有芳香环的上述那样的有机基团。Q是选自由S、N、Se、Te、P、As、Sb、Bi、O、I、Br、Cl、F、N=N组成的组中的原子或原子团。另外,将阳离子[A]r+中的Q的原子价设为q时,需要使r=a-q的关系成立(其中,N=N视为原子价0)。
另外,阴离子[B]r-优选为卤化物络合物,其结构例如可以由下述通式表示。
[LYb]r-
进而,此处,L是作为卤化物络合物的中心原子的金属或半金属(Metalloid),B、P、As、Sb、Fe、Sn、Bi、Al、Ca、In、Ti、Zn、Sc、V、Cr、Mn、Co等。Y为卤素原子。b为3~7的整数。另外,将阴离子[B]r-中的L的原子价设为p时,需要使r=b-p的关系成立。
作为上述通式的阴离子[LYb]r-的具体例子,可以列举出:四(五氟苯基)硼酸根、四(3,5-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)硼酸根、四氟硼酸根(BF4)-、六氟磷酸根(PF6)-、六氟锑酸根(SbF6)-、六氟砷酸根(AsF6)-、六氯锑酸根(SbCl6)-等。
另外,阴离子[B]r-还可以优选使用下述通式所示的结构。
[LYb-1(OH)]r-
L、Y、b与上述相同。另外,作为其它可以使用的阴离子,可以列举出:高氯酸根离子(ClO4)-、三氟甲基亚硫酸根离子(CF3SO3)-、氟磺酸根离子(FSO3)-、甲苯磺酸根阴离子、三硝基苯磺酸根阴离子、樟脑磺酸根、九氟丁烷磺酸根、十六氟辛烷磺酸根、四芳基硼酸根、四(五氟苯基)硼酸根等。
本发明的固化性组合物中,这样的鎓盐中,使用下述(i)~(iii)的芳香族鎓盐是特别有效的。其中,可以单独使用其1种或混合使用2种以上。
(i)苯基重氮鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-甲氧基苯基重氮鎓六氟锑酸盐、4-甲基苯基重氮鎓六氟磷酸盐等芳基重氮盐
(ii)二苯基碘鎓六氟锑酸盐、二(4-甲基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、二(4-叔丁基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、甲苯基枯基碘鎓四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐等二芳基碘鎓盐
(iii)下述组I或组II所示的锍阳离子和六氟锑离子、六氟磷酸根离子、四(五氟苯基)硼酸根离子等的锍盐
<组I>
<组II>
另外,作为其它优选的物质,可以列举出:(η5-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)〔(1,2,3,4,5,6-η)-(1-甲基乙基)苯〕-铁-六氟磷酸盐等铁-芳烃络合物、三(乙酰丙酮)铝、三(乙基丙酮乙酸)铝、三(水杨醛)铝等铝络合物与三苯基硅烷醇等硅烷醇类的混合物;噻吩鎓盐、四氢噻吩盐、苄基铵、吡啶鎓盐、肼盐等盐;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基三胺、四亚乙基五胺等多烷基多胺类;1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基-3,6-二乙基环己烷、异佛尔酮二胺等脂环式多胺类;间苯二甲胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜等芳香族多胺类;通过利用常规方法使上述多胺类、与苯基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、双酚A-二缩水甘油醚、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚等缩水甘油醚类或羧酸的缩水甘油酯类等各种环氧树脂反应而制造的聚环氧加成改性物;通过利用常规方法使上述有机多胺类、与邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、二聚酸等羧酸类反应而制造的酰胺化改性物;通过利用常规方法使上述多胺类与甲醛等醛类及在苯酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚、叔丁基苯酚、间苯二酚等核中至少具有一个醛化反应性位置的酚类反应而制造的曼尼希化改性物;多元羧酸(草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、2-甲基己二酸、3-甲基己二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2-甲基辛二酸、3,8-二甲基癸二酸、3,7-二甲基癸二酸、氢化二聚酸、二聚酸等脂肪族二羧酸类;邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸等芳香族二羧酸类;环己烷二羧酸等脂环式二羧酸类;偏苯三酸、均苯三酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸的三聚体等三羧酸类;均苯四甲酸等四羧酸类等)的酸酐;双氰胺、咪唑类、羧酸酯、磺酸酯、胺酰亚胺等。
其中,从提高使用方面和光灵敏度的观点出发,优选使用:芳香族碘鎓盐、芳香族锍盐、铁-芳烃络合物,进一步优选:相对于阳离子聚合引发剂(B)100质量%,至少含有0.1质量%以上的具有下述结构的芳香族锍盐。
此处,式中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19和R20分别独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、碳原子数1~10的烷基、碳原子数1~10的烷氧基或碳原子数2~10的酯基,R21、R22、R23和R24分别独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子或碳原子数1~10的烷基,R25表示氢原子、卤素原子、碳原子数1~10的烷基或选自下述化学式(A)~(C)中任一种的取代基,Anq-表示q价的阴离子,p表示使电荷为中性的系数。
此处,式中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R26、R27、R28、R29、R35、R36、R37、R38和R39分别独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、碳原子数1~10的烷基、碳原子数1~10的烷氧基或碳原子数2~10的酯基,R30、R31、R32、R33和R34分别独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子或碳原子数1~10的烷基。
上述通式(1)所示的化合物中,作为R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38和R39所示的卤素原子,可列举出:氟、氯、溴、碘等。
作为R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38和R39所示的碳原子数1~10的烷基,可列举出:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、叔戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、乙基辛基、2-甲氧基乙基、3-甲氧基丙基、4-甲氧基丁基、2-丁氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基乙基、3-甲氧基丁基、2-甲硫基乙基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、溴甲基、二溴甲基、三溴甲基、二氟乙基、三氯乙基、二氯二氟乙基、五氟乙基、七氟丙基、九氟丁基、十氟戊基、十三氟己基、十五氟庚基、十七氟辛基、甲氧基甲基、1,2-环氧乙基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、乙氧基乙基、丁氧基甲基、叔丁硫基甲基、4-戊烯基氧基甲基、三氯乙氧基甲基、双(2-氯乙氧基)甲基、甲氧基环己基、1-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、乙基二硫乙基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基甲基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基、叔丁氧基羰基甲基、乙基氧基羰基甲基、乙基羰基甲基、叔丁氧基羰基甲基、丙烯酰氧基乙基、甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基、2-甲基-2-金刚烷基氧基羰基甲基、乙酰乙基、2-甲氧基-1-丙烯基、羟基甲基、2-羟乙基、1-羟乙基、2-羟基丙基、3-羟基丙基、3-羟丁基、4-羟丁基、1,2-二羟乙基等。
作为R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R26、R27、R28、R29、R35、R36、R37、R38和R39所示的碳原子数1~10的烷氧基,可列举出:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙基氧基、异丙基氧基、丁基氧基、仲丁基氧基、叔丁基氧基、异丁基氧基、戊基氧基、异戊基氧基、叔戊基氧基、己基氧基、环己基氧基、环己基甲基氧基、四氢呋喃基氧基、四氢吡喃基氧基、2-甲氧基乙基氧基、3-甲氧基丙基氧基、4-甲氧基丁基氧基、2-丁氧基乙基氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙基氧基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基乙基氧基、3-甲氧基丁基氧基、2-甲硫基乙基氧基、三氟甲基氧基等。
作为R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R26、R27、R28、R29、R35、R36、R37、R38和R39所示的碳原子数2~10的酯基,可列举出:甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、异丙基氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基、乙酰氧基、丙酰基氧基、丁酰基氧基、氯乙酰氧基、二氯乙酰氧基、三氯乙酰氧基、三氟乙酰氧基、叔丁基羰基氧基、甲氧基乙酰氧基、苯甲酰基氧基等。
对于相对于(A)成分和(C)成分和(E)成分的总计100质量份的阳离子聚合引发剂(B)的使用比例,阳离子聚合引发剂(B)为0.1~10质量份、优选为1~6质量份。过少时有时固化容易变得不充分,过多时有时对固化物的吸水率、固化物强度等各物性产生不良影响。
本发明的固化性组合物的自由基聚合性成分(C)以具有环氧基和烯属不饱和基团的化合物(C1)、或碳原子数2~20的醇的丙烯酸酯或者碳原子数2~20的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(C2)作为必须成分。
作为具有上述环氧基和烯属不饱和基团的化合物(C1),例如可以列举出:环氧丙烯酸酯或环氧甲基丙烯酸酯,具体而言,是现有公知的芳香族环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、脂肪族环氧树脂等与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸反应而得到的丙烯酸酯。这些环氧丙烯酸酯或环氧甲基丙烯酸酯中,特别优选的是醇类的缩水甘油醚的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。
作为上述碳原子数2~20的醇的丙烯酸酯或者碳原子数2~20的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(C2),可列举出:在分子中具有至少1个羟基的芳香族或脂肪族醇、及其环氧烷加成体与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸反应而得到的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。具体而言,可列举出:丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸异戊酯、丙烯酸月桂基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、丙烯酸异冰片基酯、丙烯酸苄基酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、ε-己内酯改性二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异戊酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片基酯、甲基丙烯酸苄基酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯、ε-己内酯改性二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯等。需要说明的是,这些丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯中,特别优选多元醇的聚丙烯酸酯类或多元醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯类。
作为上述自由基聚合性成分(C),可以使用除(C1)或(C2)以外的通过利用能量射线照射或加热而活化的自由基聚合引发剂来进行高分子化或交联反应的化合物,例如可列举出:烯丙基氨酯化合物、不饱和聚酯化合物、苯乙烯系化合物等。自由基聚合性成分(C)中的上述(C1)成分和(C2)成分的比例优选50质量%以上。
作为本发明的固化性组合物中的自由基引发剂(D),没有特别限制,可以使用公知的自由基引发剂。例如可以使用:苯乙酮系化合物、苯偶酰系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物、噻吨酮系化合物等酮系化合物、肟系化合物等。
本发明的固化性组合物中的聚合物(E)选自由如下聚合物组成的组、且重均分子量以聚苯乙烯换算为1000~30000:由上述式(I)所示的单体由得到的聚合物、由上述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由选自上述式(I)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、由选自上述式(II)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、及由上述式(I)所示的单体和上述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物。
作为上述式(I)中的X所示的碳原子数1~7的烷基,可列举出:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、叔戊基、己基、2-己基、3-己基、环己基、4-甲基环己基、庚基、2-庚基、3-庚基、异庚基、叔庚基等。其中,碳原子数1~4的烷基、或被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上的基团部分取代的碳原子数1~4的烷基从固化性方面考虑而优选。
作为上述式(I)中的X所示的碳原子数1~7的烷氧基,可列举出:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙基氧基、异丙基氧基、丁基氧基、仲丁基氧基、叔丁基氧基、异丁基氧基、戊基氧基、异戊基氧基、叔戊基氧基、己基氧基、2-己基氧基、3-己基氧基、环己基氧基、4-甲基环己基氧基、庚基氧基、2-庚基氧基、3-庚基氧基、异庚基氧基、叔庚基氧基等。其中,碳原子数1~4的烷氧基、或被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上的基团部分取代的碳原子数1~4的烷氧基从固化性方面考虑而优选。
作为上述式(I)中的X所示的碳原子数6~12的芳基,可列举出:苯基、甲基苯基、萘基等。
作为上述式(I)中的X所示的碳原子数6~12的芳氧基,可列举出:苯基氧基、甲基苯基氧基、萘基氧基等。
作为上述式(I)中的X所示的碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基,可列举出:环己基、甲基环己基、降冰片基、二环戊基、二环辛基、三甲基二环庚基、三环辛基、三环癸基、螺辛基、螺二环戊基、金刚烷基、异冰片基等。
对于这些烷基、烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基和脂环式烃基,这些基团中的氢原子还可以被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上的基团取代。
上述式(I)中,X的一部分被环氧基或氧杂环丁烷基取时,作为式(I)所示的单体,例如可列举出下述式(1)~(3)所示的单体。
此处,式(1)中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,m为1~6的整数。
此处,式(2)中,R4表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,n为1~6的整数。
此处,式(3)中,R5表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,s为1~6的整数。
上述式(II)中,作为R1所示的卤素原子,可列举出:氟、氯、溴、碘等。
上述式(II)中,作为X’的碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基,可以列举出与上述式(I)相同的基团。
上述式(II)中,X’的一部分被环氧基或氧杂环丁烷基被取代时,作为式(II)所示的单体,可列举出下述式(4)~(6)所示的物质。
此处,式(4)中,R1与上述式(II)相同,R6表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,t为1~6的整数。
此处,式(5)中,R1与上述式(II)相同,R7表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,q为1~6的整数。
此处,式(6)中,R1与上述式(II)相同,R8表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,y为1~6的整数。
上述聚合物(E)中,构成聚合物的单体的使用比例如下时粘接性提高故而优选:上述X为被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上的基团取代的碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基时,上述(I)或(II)所示的单体为10~100质量%。
本发明的固化性组合物中,上述阳离子聚合性成分(A)为30~99质量份、适宜为40~95质量份,上述阳离子聚合引发剂(B)为0.1~10质量份、适宜为1~8质量份,上述自由基聚合性成分(C)为0~55质量份,上述自由基聚合引发剂(D)为0~10质量份、适宜为0.1~8质量份,上述聚合物(E)为1~30质量份。不是上述的配混比例时,有固化物的固化性和密合性变差的担心。
本发明的固化性组合物中,根据需要还可以进一步使用敏化剂和/或敏化助剂。敏化剂是在比阳离子聚合引发剂(B)所示出的最大吸收波长更长的波长处显示出最大吸收,促进基于阳离子聚合引发剂(B)的聚合引发反应的化合物。另外敏化助剂是更进一步促进敏化剂的作用的化合物。
作为敏化剂和敏化助剂,可列举出:蒽系化合物、萘系化合物等。
作为蒽系化合物,例如可列举出下述式(7)所示的物质。
此处,式(7)中,R50和R51各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基或碳原子数2~12的烷氧基烷基,R52表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基。
列举上述式(7)所示的蒽系化合物的具体例子时,有以下那样的化合物。
例如可列举出:9,10-二甲氧基蒽、9,10-二乙氧基蒽、9,10-二丙氧基蒽、9,10-二异丙氧基蒽、9,10-二丁氧基蒽、9,10-二戊基氧基蒽、9,10-二己基氧基蒽、9,10-双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)蒽、9,10-双(2-乙氧基乙氧基)蒽、9,10-双(2-丁氧基乙氧基)蒽、9,10-双(3-丁氧基丙氧基)蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二甲氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二乙氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二丙氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二异丙氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二丁氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二戊基氧基蒽、2-甲基-或2-乙基-9,10-二己基氧基蒽等。
作为萘系化合物,例如可列举出下述式(8)所示的物质。
此处,式(8)中,R53和R54各自独立地表示碳原子数1~6的烷基。
列举上述式(8)所示的萘系化合物的具体例子时,有以下那样的化合物。
例如可列举出:4-甲氧基-1-萘酚、4-乙氧基-1-萘酚、4-丙氧基-1-萘酚、4-丁氧基-1-萘酚、4-己基氧基-1-萘酚、1,4-二甲氧基萘、1-乙氧基-4-甲氧基萘、1,4-二乙氧基萘、1,4-二丙氧基萘、1,4-二丁氧基萘等。
敏化剂和敏化助剂相对于上述阳离子聚合性成分(A)的使用比例没有特别限定,在不阻碍本发明的目的的范围内大致以通常的使用比例使用即可,例如,相对于上述阳离子聚合性成分(A)的100质量份,敏化剂和敏化助剂分别为0.1~3质量份,从固化性提高的观点出发而优选。
本发明的固化性组合物中,可以根据需要使用硅烷偶联剂。作为硅烷偶联剂,例如可以使用:二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷等烷基官能性烷氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、烯丙基三甲氧基硅烷等烯基官能性烷氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷等环氧官能性烷氧基硅烷、N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等氨基官能性烷氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等巯基官能性烷氧基硅烷、四异丙氧基钛、四正丁氧基钛等烷氧基钛类、双(甘醇酸辛酯)钛酸二辛氧基酯,双(乙酰乙酸乙酯)钛酸二异丙氧基酯等钛螯合物类、四乙酰丙酮锆、三丁氧基单乙酰丙酮锆等锆螯合物类、三丁氧基单硬脂酸锆等锆酰化物类、甲基三异氰酸酯硅烷等异氰酸酯硅烷类等。
上述硅烷偶联剂的用量没有特别限定,通常相对于固化性组合物中的固形物的总量100质量份,为0.01~20质量份的范围。
本发明的固化性组合物中,通过根据需要使用热塑性有机聚合物,从而还能改善固化物的特性。作为热塑性有机聚合物,例如可列举出:聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酸、苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、纤维素酯、聚丙烯酰胺、饱和聚酯等。
本发明的固化性组合物中,根据需要可以进一步使用:紫外线吸收剂;在常温下为非活性、利用加热至规定温度/光照射/酸等使保护基团脱离、经活化从而显示出紫外线吸收能力的化合物。
另外,在不损害本发明的效果的范围内可以根据需要添加多元醇、无机填料、有机填料、颜料、染料等着色剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、表面活性剂、流平剂、阻燃剂、触变剂、稀释剂、增塑剂、稳定剂、阻聚剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、流动调节剂、粘接促进剂等各种树脂添加物等。
本发明的固化性组合物中,没有特别限制可以使用通常使用的能溶解或分散上述(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)和(E)各成分的溶剂。作为溶剂,例如可列举出:甲乙酮、甲戊酮、二乙酮、丙酮、甲基异丙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、2-庚酮等酮类;乙醚、二氧杂环己烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇二甲基醚等醚系溶剂;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸环己酯、乳酸乙酯、琥珀酸二甲酯、Texanol等酯系溶剂;乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚等溶纤剂系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或正丙醇、异丁醇或正丁醇、戊醇等醇系溶剂;乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇-1-单甲醚-2-乙酸酯(PGMEA),二丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、乙氧基乙基丙酸酯等醚酯系溶剂;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等BTX系溶剂;己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃系溶剂;松节油、D-柠檬烯、蒎烯等萜烯系烃油;矿油精、Swasol#310(CosmoMatsuyama Oil Co.,Ltd.制),SOLVESSO#100(Exxon Mobil Corporation)等链烷烃系溶剂;四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷等卤代脂肪族烃系溶剂;氯苯等卤化芳香族烃系溶剂;碳酸亚丙酯、卡必醇系溶剂、苯胺、三乙胺、吡啶、乙酸、乙腈、二硫化碳、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、水等。这些溶剂可以使用1种或2种以上的混合溶剂。
本发明的固化性组合物使固化性、粘接性、液体保存稳定性提高,因此水分量优选为5质量份以下、进一步优选为3质量份以下。水分过多时有发生白浊或成分析出的担心,故而不优选。
本发明的固化性组合物可利用辊涂机、帘式涂布机、各种印刷、浸渍等公知的手段涂布于支撑基体上。另外,也可以暂时施于薄膜等支撑基体上之后转印到其它支撑基体上,其应用方法没有特别限制。
作为上述支撑基体的材料,没有特别限制,可以使用通常使用的材料,例如可列举出:玻璃等无机材料;二乙酰纤维素、三乙酰纤维素(TAC),丙酰基纤维素、丁酰基纤维素、乙酰丙酰基纤维素、硝基纤维素等纤维素酯;聚酰胺;聚酰亚胺;聚氨酯;环氧树脂;聚碳酸酯;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯、聚亚乙基-1,2-二苯氧基乙烷-4,4’-二羧酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯;聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯等聚烯烃;聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯等乙烯基化合物;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸酯等丙烯酸类树脂;聚碳酸酯;聚砜;聚醚砜;聚醚酮;聚醚酰亚胺;聚氧乙烯、降冰片烯树脂、环烯烃聚合物(COP)等高分子材料。需要说明的是,还可以对上述支撑基体进行电晕放电处理、火焰处理、紫外线处理、高频射线处理、辉光放电处理、活性等离子体处理、激光处理等表面活化处理。
利用能量射线的照射使本发明的固化性组合物固化的方法中,作为能量射线,可以列举出:紫外线、电子射线、X射线、放射射线、高频射线等,在经济上,最优选紫外线。作为紫外线的光源,可列举出:紫外线激光、水银灯、氙激光、金属卤化物灯等。
利用加热使本发明的固化性组合物固化的方法中的条件是在70~250℃下1~100分钟。可以在预烘烤(PAB;Pre applied bake)后加压并进行后烘烤(PEB;Post exposurebake),或还可以在不同的多阶段的温度下进行烘烤。加热条件根据各成分的种类和配混比例而不同,例如在70~180℃下用干燥机时为5~15分钟、用热板时为1~5分钟。然后,为了使涂膜固化,可以通过在180~250℃、优选在200~250℃下、用干燥机时进行30~90分钟、用热板时进行5~30分钟加热处理而得到固化膜。
作为本发明的固化性组合物或其固化物的具体的用途,可以列举出:粘接剂、眼镜、撮像用透镜所代表的光学材料、涂料、涂布剂、衬里剂、墨、抗蚀剂、液态抗蚀剂、印刷版、彩电、PC监视器、便携信息终端、数码相机、有机EL、触摸屏等显示元件、绝缘清漆、绝缘片、层叠板、印刷基板、半导体装置用/LED包装用/液晶注入口用/有机EL用/光元件用/电绝缘用/电子部品用/分离膜用等密封剂、成形材料、油灰、玻璃纤维浸渗剂、填隙剂、半导体用/太阳电池用等钝化膜、层间绝缘膜、保护膜、液晶显示装置的背灯中使用的棱镜透镜薄片、投影电视等的屏幕中使用的菲涅尔透镜薄片、柱状透镜薄片等透镜薄片的透镜部、或使用了这样的片的背灯等、微透镜等光学透镜、光学元件、光连接器、光波导、光学的造形用铸塑剂等。
作为本发明的显示装置,可列举出:在透明支撑体上根据需要设置有底涂层、防反射层、偏光元件层、相位差层、双折射率层、光散乱层、硬涂层、润滑层、保护层等各层的装置,各层可以使用由本发明的固化物构成的薄膜。
实施例
以下,列举实施例等对本发明进行进一步详细地说明,但本发明不受这些实施例的限定。
[实施例1~11、比较例1]
以下述[表1]和[表2]所示的配混充分地混合各成分,分别得到实施例1~11的固化性组合物和比较例1的固化性组合物。需要说明的是,实施例和比较例的单位为质量份。
作为阳离子聚合性成分(A),使用了下述化合物(A1-1)~(A1-2)和(A2-1)~(A2-2)。
化合物(A1-1):ADEKA RESIN EP-4088L(ADEKA株式会社制)
化合物(A1-2):1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚
化合物(A2-1):CELLOXIDE 2021P(脂环式环氧:Daicel Corporation制)
化合物(A2-2):柠檬烯二氧化物
化合物(A4-1):ARON OXETANE OXT-221(东亚合成株式会社制)
作为阳离子聚合引发剂(B),使用了下述化合物(B-1)。
化合物B-1:下述式(9)所示的化合物和下述式(10)所示的化合物的混合物的碳酸亚丙酯50%溶液
作为自由基聚合性成分(C),使用了下述化合物(C2-1)。
化合物(C2-1):1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯
化合物(C2-2):乙氧基化异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯
化合物(C2-3):丙烯酸四氢糠基酯
作为自由基聚合引发剂(D),使用了下述化合物(D-1)。
化合物(D-1):IRGACURE 184(BASF公司制)
作为聚合物(E),使用了下述化合物(E-1)。
聚合物(E-1):甲基丙烯酸甲酯75质量份和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯25质量份的共聚物(重均分子量7000)
聚合物(E-2):甲基丙烯酸甲酯35质量份、苯乙烯35质量份和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯30质量份的共聚物(重均分子量8000)
对于得到的实施例1~11和比较例1的各固化性组合物,依据下述步骤进行了玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、弹性模量和密合性的评价。将结果一并示于[表1]和[表2]。
(玻璃化转变温度和弹性模量)
对于得到的实施例1~11和比较例1的各固化性组合物,分别利用棒涂机涂布在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜上成30μm的厚度,使用金属卤化物灯照射3000mJ/cm2的能量。24小时后从薄膜上取出粘接剂固化物,使用Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation制的粘弹性测定装置(DMA7100)测定了Tg和在80℃下的弹性模量。
(粘度)
对于得到的实施例1~11和比较例1的各固化性组合物的,分别利用E型粘度计测定了在25℃下的粘度。将结果一并示于[表1]和[表2]。
(密合性)
分别将上述得到的实施例1~11和比较例1的固化性组合物涂布在一张电晕处理PMMA薄膜(住友化学株式会社制:Technology 125S001)上,然后使用层压机与另一张实施有电晕放电处理的COP(环烯烃聚合物、Zeon Corporation株式会社制:型号Zeonor Film14-060)薄膜贴合,使用无电极紫外光灯隔着COP薄膜照射相当于1000mJ/cm2的光进行粘接而得到试验片。对得到的试验片进行了90度剥离试验。将结果示于[表1]和[表2]。
[表1]
[表2]
由[表1]~[表2]可知,对于本发明的固化性组合物,固化物的玻璃化转变温度高、密合性优异。
Claims (6)
1.一种固化性组合物,其特征在于,其以阳离子聚合性成分(A)和自由基聚合性成分(C)和聚合物(E)的总计为100质量份的方式含有:所述阳离子聚合性成分(A)30~99质量份、阳离子聚合引发剂(B)0.1~10质量份、所述自由基聚合性成分(C)0~55质量份、自由基聚合引发剂(D)0~10质量份、及所述聚合物(E)1~30质量份,所述聚合物(E)的重均分子量为1000~30000,所述聚合物(E)选自由下述聚合物组成的组:由下述式(I)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由下述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(I)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、由选自所述式(II)所示的单体中的两种以上单体得到的聚合物、或由所述式(I)所示的单体和所述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物,
式(I)中,X为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数1~7的烷氧基、碳原子数6~12的芳基、碳原子数6~12的芳氧基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团,
式(II)中,R1表示氢原子、甲基或卤素原子,X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基、碳原子数6~12的芳基或碳原子数6~10的脂环式烃基、或这些基团中的氢原子被选自由环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、羟基和羧基组成的组中的1种以上基团取代的基团,
所述阳离子聚合性成分(A)将分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)、及脂环式环氧化合物(A2)作为必须成分,
所述自由基聚合性成分(C)将具有环氧基和烯属不饱和基团的化合物(C1)、或碳原子数2~20的醇的丙烯酸酯或者碳原子数2~20的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(C2)作为必须成分,
所述分子量200以上的多元醇的缩水甘油化物或多元醇环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油化物(A1)中的多元醇是具有稠环的多元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固化性组合物,其中,所述脂环式环氧化合物(A2)是选自由3’,4’-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯、7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷、聚[氧基-(1-氧代-1,6-己烷二基)]]衍生物、己二酸双[(7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-基)甲基]、1,2-环氧-4-乙烯基环己烷、3,4-环氧环己基甲基甲基丙烯酸酯和柠檬烯二氧化物组成的组中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的固化性组合物,其中,所述聚合物(E)是由所述式(I)所示的单体和所述式(II)所示的单体得到的聚合物,所述式(I)中的X为碳原子数6~12的芳基,所述式(II)中的X’为碳原子数1~7的烷基,所述烷基被环氧基取代。
4.一种固化性组合物的固化方法,其特征在于,对权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性组合物照射活性能量射线。
5.一种固化性组合物的固化方法,其特征在于,对权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性组合物进行加热。
6.一种固化物,其特征在于,其是权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性组合物的固化物。
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