CN108685111B

CN108685111B - Peanut sheller

Info

Publication number: CN108685111B
Application number: CN201810849262.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李秀杰; 崔小伟; 胡吉帮; 吴亚滨; 孙洪祥; 邢金龙; 刘道奇
Original assignee: Changyuan Branch Henan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Changyuan Branch Henan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-07-28
Filing date: 2018-07-28
Publication date: 2020-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-28
Also published as: CN108685111A

Abstract

The invention provides a peanut sheller which effectively solves the problems that the traditional peanut shelling efficiency is low, the damage proportion of peanut kernels is large, the automation degree is low, the cost is high, the operation is difficult, and the large-batch shelling cannot be carried out; the technical scheme includes that the device comprises a box body, wherein a first cylinder is installed in the box body, a second cylinder is sleeved outside the first cylinder, a first strip plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the first cylinder, and a second strip plate is arranged in the first cylinder; a slide way is fixed on the inner side wall of the cavity of the box body, two sliding blocks are arranged in the slide way, a chuck capable of rotating on the sliding block is arranged on one side of each sliding block close to the second cylinder, a cylinder block is fixed on the outer side wall of the second cylinder, and the two chucks are close to or far away from each other to limit the intermittent rotation of the second cylinder; the peanut shelling device is ingenious in structure, remarkably improves peanut shelling efficiency, effectively reduces peanut kernel breakage rate, greatly improves automation degree, and is low in cost, easy to manufacture, convenient to operate and easy to popularize.

Description

Peanut sheller

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a peanut sheller.

Background

Peanuts, also called peanuts, are nuts which are abundant in yield and widely eaten in China, have abundant nutrition and economic value, and also have abundant medicinal values, such as ageing resistance, blood coagulation and hemostasis, blood nourishing and lactation promotion, memory enhancement, cholesterol reduction, tumor prevention and the like. The unit yield, total yield and export of peanuts in China all reside in the leading peanut production countries in the same period of the world, in the peanut production process, the operation links such as plowing, land preparation, irrigation, plant protection and the like are basically mechanized, the production links such as seeding, film laying, harvesting, fruit picking, shelling and the like have few mechanical varieties, and the performance and the quality can not completely meet the requirements. Traditional peanut shelling adopts artifical hand to shell the mode, wastes time and energy, and the efficiency of its shelling is influenced by artificial working attitude and operational capability greatly, is unfavorable for promoting the production and processing of peanut trade through artifical hand mode of shelling, and it is necessary to adopt mechanical automatic mode to improve this processing link to improve work efficiency.

Therefore, the invention provides a peanut sheller to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the peanut husking machine which effectively solves the problems of low peanut husking efficiency, large peanut kernel breakage ratio, low automation degree, high cost, difficult operation and incapability of large-batch husking in the traditional peanut husking machine.

The peanut harvester comprises a horizontally placed box body, wherein a first cylinder which is arranged along the length direction of the box body and can rotate actively is installed in the box body, a second cylinder which can rotate along with the first cylinder is sleeved outside the first cylinder, a plurality of through grooves which are formed in the axial direction of the first cylinder are formed in the first cylinder and the second cylinder, a plurality of first strip plates which are fixed along the axial direction of the first cylinder are arranged on the inner side wall of the first cylinder, a plurality of second strip plates which correspond to the first strip plates one by one are arranged in the first cylinder, the second strip plates rotate synchronously along with the second cylinder and can move left and right, and peanuts can be clamped by the interval between the first strip plates and the second strip plates;

the box intracavity lateral wall on be fixed with along the slide of left and right directions, there are two sliders that can move in the slide in opposite directions or to the back, one side that every slider is close to the second drum is provided with can be on the slider pivoted chuck, be fixed with a plurality of and second drum axis vertically cylinder piece on the second drum lateral wall, the cylinder piece can be followed and passed through between two chucks, two chucks are close to each other or keep away from the intermittent type rotation of restriction second drum.

The peanut shelling device is ingenious in structure, remarkably improves peanut shelling efficiency, effectively reduces peanut kernel breakage rate, greatly improves automation degree, and is low in cost, easy to manufacture, convenient to operate and easy to popularize.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention with a box body cut away.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a top sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of a first cylinder to a second cylinder and some of the components thereon in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the first cylinder, the first strip plate, the protruding block, the shaft and the connecting rod of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the second cylinder, the second elongated plate, the arc-shaped slot, the slide bar and the feeding cylinder of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the connection of the protrusion bar, the T-shaped groove, the chuck and the cylindrical block according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a first elongated panel of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the second strip and the slide bar of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the peanut harvester comprises a horizontally placed box body 1, a first cylinder 2 which is arranged along the length direction of the box body 1 and can rotate actively is installed in the box body 1, a second cylinder 3 which can rotate along with the first cylinder 2 is sleeved outside the first cylinder 2, a plurality of through grooves which are formed in the axial direction of the first cylinder 2 are formed in the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3, a plurality of first strip plates 4 which are fixed along the axial direction of the first cylinder 2 are arranged on the inner side wall of the first cylinder 2, a plurality of second strip plates 5 which correspond to the first strip plates 4 one by one are arranged in the first cylinder 2, the second strip plates 5 rotate synchronously along with the second cylinder 3 and can move left and right, and peanuts can be clamped by the intervals between the first strip plates 4 and the second strip plates 5;

the inner side wall of the cavity of the box body 1 is fixedly provided with a slide 6 along the left-right direction, two slide blocks 7 capable of moving in the slide 6 towards or away from each other are arranged in the slide 6, one side, close to the second cylinder 3, of each slide block 7 is provided with a chuck 8 capable of rotating on the slide block 7, the outer side wall of the second cylinder 3 is fixedly provided with a plurality of cylindrical blocks 9 perpendicular to the axis of the second cylinder 3, the cylindrical blocks 9 can pass between the two chucks 8, and the two chucks 8 are close to or far away from each other to limit the intermittent rotation of the second cylinder 3.

In order to realize that second drum 3 can rotate along with first drum 2, first drum 2 about the excircle face at both ends on have a plurality of protruding pieces 10 that are the circumference equipartition, have a plurality ofly on the 3 lateral walls of second drum and protruding piece 10 one-to-one and be the arc wall 11 of circumference equipartition, protruding piece 10 is arranged in the arc wall 11 rather than corresponding, the width of arc wall 11 is greater than the width of protruding piece 10, there is the extension spring in the arc wall 11, extension spring one end is connected with arc wall 11, the extension spring other end is connected with protruding piece 10.

In order to realize peanut shelling, the width of the through groove only can allow the peanut kernels and the crushed peanut shells to pass through, and the peanuts which are not shelled can not pass through.

In order to install the second strip plate 5, two ends of the second cylinder 3 are both fixed with annular plates, two ends of the second strip plate 5 are both fixed with horizontal sliding rods, the other ends of the sliding rods penetrate through the annular plates and are arranged on the outer side of the second cylinder 3, and the cross sections of the sliding rods are rectangular.

In order to realize the left-right movement of the second strip plate 5, hemispherical bulges are arranged at one ends of the sliding rods, which are arranged at the outer sides of the second cylinders 3, and springs are connected between the hemispherical bulges and the annular plates; an end cam 22 coaxial with the first cylinder 2 is fixed on the right side wall in the cavity of the box body 1, and the hemispherical bulge is kept in contact with the end cam 22 under the action of a spring; the end cam 22 is a cylindrical structure, and the end cam 22 and one end of the slide bar have a plurality of axial undulations so as to enable the second strip plate 5 to axially reciprocate along the first cylinder 2.

In order to clamp peanuts between the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5, a plurality of bulges or patterns or grooves formed along the radial direction of the first cylinder 2 are arranged on the end surfaces, close to each other, of the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5.

In order to realize the stress balance of the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 and prolong the service life, two slideways 6 are arranged, and the two slideways 6 are symmetrical front and back.

In order to realize that under the condition of no external force, two chucks 8 in the same slide 6 are kept close to each other, the slide 6 comprises two convex strips 12 fixed along the left-right direction, the two convex strips 12 are symmetrically arranged front and back, a T-shaped groove 13 which is arranged along the length direction of the convex strips 12 and has an inward opening is arranged on the convex strips 12, a sliding block 7 is arranged in the T-shaped groove 13, a pressure spring is arranged in the T-shaped groove 13, one end of the pressure spring is connected with the sliding block 7, and the other end of the pressure spring is connected with one end, away from each other, of the T-shaped groove 13; the slider 7 on be fixed with the round pin axle, the round pin axle is close to the one end of first drum 2 and is arranged in the T type groove 13 outside, chuck 8 is installed on the round pin axle, chuck 8 can rotate on the round pin axle.

In order to realize that the second cylinder 3 stops rotating with enough force, the chucks 8 are hexagonal structures, and one sides of the two chucks 8 are in close contact under the action of a compression spring in the T-shaped groove 13.

The distance between the centers of the two chucks 8 is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical block 9.

In order to improve the shelling rate, an annular space is arranged between the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3, and the distance between the outer circular surface of the first cylinder 2 and the inner side wall of the second cylinder 3 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the shelled peanuts.

In order to realize the rotation of the first cylinder 2, the center of the first cylinder 2 is provided with a rotating shaft 19 which is coaxial with the first cylinder 2 and can rotate, the periphery of the rotating shaft 19 is provided with a plurality of connecting rods 14 along the radial direction of the first cylinder 2, the other end of each connecting rod 14 is fixed with the first cylinder 2, the right end of the rotating shaft 19 is connected with a motor 15, the motor 15 is fixed on the box body 1, the motor 15 drives the rotating shaft 19 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 19 drives the first cylinder 2 to rotate through the connecting rods 14.

In order to ensure that the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 are kept rotating coaxially, the part of the rotating shaft 19 on the annular plate is provided with a bearing, the inner circular surface of the bearing is fixed with the rotating shaft 19, and the outer circular surface of the bearing is fixed with the annular plate.

In order to reduce the stress of the rotating shaft 19 and prevent the rotating shaft 19 from deforming, and meanwhile, in order to facilitate feeding, a feeding cylinder 16 which is coaxial with the first cylinder 2 is arranged on the right side plate of the box body 1, the feeding cylinder 16 can rotate around the axis of the first cylinder 2, the left end of the feeding cylinder 16 is arranged on the left side of the box body 1, and the right end of the feeding cylinder 16 penetrates through the side wall of the box body 1 and is coaxially fixed with the annular plate; the contact part of the feeding cylinder 16 and the side wall of the box body 1 is provided with a bearing.

In order to realize the separation of the peanut kernels from the shell, a hollow pipe 17 which is transversely fixed is arranged on the inner side of the rear side wall of the box body 1, the height of the hollow pipe 17 is consistent with that of the lowest end of the second cylinder 3, a plurality of air outlets which are uniformly distributed in the left-right direction are arranged on the front side of the hollow pipe 17, and more than one fan 18 is connected on the hollow pipe 17; the front side of the lower end of the box body 1 is open, a first container 20 which is arranged under the second cylinder 3 and has an open upper end is arranged in the box body 1, and a second container 21 which has an open upper section is arranged on the front side of the first container 20.

It is worth noting that when the peanut husking machine is used specifically, the left end of the first cylinder 2 can be slightly inclined upwards, and the spiral blades can be fixed on the inner side wall of the first cylinder 2, so that peanuts cannot be completely concentrated on the left side, and the husking efficiency is effectively improved; the grooves in the invention can be replaced by small protrusions; the end cam 22 has a plurality of axial fluctuation, the end cam 22 ensures that the moving distance of the second strip plate 5 in the left and right direction is not too large, otherwise, the peanut kernels can be grated; the depth and the width of the groove are not too large, otherwise, peanuts are easy to be clamped in the groove or the peanuts cannot be rubbed at all; two ends of the first cylinder 2 are provided with annular bulges, the outer circular surfaces of the annular bulges are contacted with the inner side wall of the second cylinder 3, the annular bulges are positioned between the two bulge blocks 10, and the annular bulges can effectively prevent peanuts in the annular space from falling from the arc-shaped groove 11; the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5 are kept in contact under the action of the tension spring; the elastic coefficient of the spring in the arc-shaped groove 11 is larger, and the first strip plate 4 can not generate large amplitude oscillation after being rapidly close to the first strip plate 4 and clamped and hit flowers.

When the peanut sheller is used, peanuts to be shelled are poured into the first cylinder 2 from the feeding cylinder 16 at the right end, the power supply of the motor 15 is switched on, the motor 15 drives the rotating shaft 19 to rotate, the rotating shaft 19 rotates to drive the first cylinder 2 to rotate through the connecting rod 14, the first cylinder 2 rotates to drive the second cylinder 3 to rotate, when the cylindrical block 9 on the outer side of the second cylinder 3 meets the chuck 8, the second cylinder 3 stops rotating, but the first cylinder 2 still rotates at a constant speed, the tension spring on the protruding block 10 is in an extending state, meanwhile, a gap is formed between the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5, the gap is continuously enlarged, and the peanuts fall between the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5; when the first cylinder 2 rotates a certain angle, the first cylinder 2 can make the cylinder block 9 break through the two chucks 8 through the convex block 10 and the tension spring to the second cylinder 3, so that the two chucks 8 move leftwards and rightwards, the chucks 8 rotate in the moving process, the extension amount of the spring is recovered instantly, namely, the angle difference between the second cylinder 3 and the first cylinder 2 returns to zero under the action of the tension spring, the second strip plate 5 is rapidly drawn close to the first strip plate 4 and clamps the peanuts to crush the peanuts, after clamping, the first cylinder 2 drives the second cylinder 3 to continue rotating, in the rotating process, the second strip plate 5 moves leftwards and rightwards under the combined action of the end cam 22 and the springs on the hemispherical bulges, the peanuts between the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5 are transversely rubbed in the moving process, so that the peanut shells are crushed and peeled, the peanut kernels and the crushed peanut shells fall from the through grooves and are blown forward by the fan 18, the peanut shells are blown to the second container 21 due to the fact that the peanut shells and the peanut kernels have different specific gravities, the peanut kernels fall to the first container 20, and peanut shelling is completed at the moment.

In the process, the peanut kernels and the crushed peanut shells sequentially pass through the through grooves in the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 in the falling process, when the peanut kernels and the peanut shells pass through the annular interval, due to the fact that relative displacement exists between the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3, the peanut kernels and the crushed peanut shells need to be screened, the peanut kernels and the crushed peanut shells can fall smoothly, peanuts which are not completely shelled can be kneaded again, the shells can be removed, and then the peanuts fall from the through grooves.

The invention has the outstanding advantages that:

1. according to the peanut peeling machine, the peanuts are clamped and then rubbed by utilizing the opening or closing of the first strip plate 4 and the second strip plate 5, so that the peanut kernels and the shells are thoroughly peeled, and compared with the prior art, the kernel breaking rate is greatly reduced.

2. The chuck 8 is of a hexagonal structure, the two disks can be well close to each other due to the hexagonal structure, edges in the two chucks 8 are attached to each other under the condition of no external force, the clamping force of the cylindrical block 9, which breaks through the chuck 8, is increased, and the two chucks 8 rotate while moving horizontally once the cylindrical block 9 breaks through the clamping force of the chuck 8, so that the cylindrical block 9 can pass through in time.

3. In the present invention, the annular space between the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the peanut shell, so that when the individual peanut shells are broken but not completely crushed and adhered to each other and fall into the annular space, the peanuts cannot directly fall from the through grooves on the second cylinder 3, and because the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 rotate relatively, the peanuts entering the annular space can be screened again, and the peanuts which are not completely shelled are kneaded to be shelled.

4. Under the action of the end cam 22, the tension spring and the pressure spring, the second strip plate 5 in the peanut crushing device moves back and forth in the left-right direction while rotating along with the second cylinder 3, so that peanuts are continuously vibrated, the crushed shells and peanut kernels in the shells quickly fall to the lower part, the shells are placed for repeated extrusion for many times, the kernel breaking rate is reduced, the through grooves in the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 are not blocked, and the normal operation of the device is ensured.

Claims

1. The peanut sheller is characterized by comprising a horizontally placed box body (1), wherein a first cylinder (2) which is arranged along the length direction of the box body (1) and can rotate actively is installed in the box body (1), a second cylinder (3) which can rotate along with the first cylinder (2) is sleeved on the outer side of the first cylinder (2), a plurality of through grooves which are axially formed along the first cylinder (2) are formed in the first cylinder (2) and the second cylinder (3), a plurality of first strip plates (4) which are axially fixed along the first cylinder (2) are arranged on the inner side wall of the first cylinder (2), a plurality of second strip plates (5) which correspond to the first strip plates (4) one by one are arranged in the first cylinder (2), the second strip plates (5) rotate synchronously along with the second cylinder (3) and can move left and right, and the peanuts can be clamped by the intervals between the first strip plates (4) and the second strip plates (5);

the inner side wall of the cavity of the box body (1) is fixedly provided with a slide way (6) along the left-right direction, two slide blocks (7) capable of moving in the slide way (6) in opposite directions or in a back-to-back direction are arranged in the slide way (6), one side, close to the second cylinder (3), of each slide block (7) is provided with a chuck (8) capable of rotating on each slide block (7), the outer side wall of the second cylinder (3) is fixedly provided with a plurality of cylinder blocks (9) vertical to the axis of the second cylinder (3), each cylinder block (9) can pass through the space between the two chucks (8), and the two chucks (8) are close to or far away from the intermittent rotation limiting the second cylinder (3).

2. The decorticator of claim 1, wherein the outer circular surface of the left and right ends of the first cylinder (2) is provided with a plurality of protruding blocks (10) which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the side wall of the second cylinder (3) is provided with a plurality of arc grooves (11) which are uniformly distributed along the circumference and correspond to the protruding blocks (10) one by one, the protruding blocks (10) are arranged in the arc grooves (11) which correspond to the protruding blocks (10), the width of each arc groove (11) is greater than that of each protruding block (10), each arc groove (11) is internally provided with a tension spring, one end of each tension spring is connected with the arc groove (11), and the other end of each tension spring is connected with the protruding blocks (10).

3. The decorticator of claim 1, wherein the second cylinder (3) has annular plates fixed to both ends, the second slat (5) has horizontal sliding bars fixed to both ends, the other ends of the sliding bars penetrate the annular plates and are disposed outside the second cylinder (3), and the cross section of the sliding bars is rectangular.

4. The peanut sheller according to claim 3, wherein the sliding rod is provided with hemispherical bulges at one end positioned outside the second cylinder (3), and a spring is connected between the hemispherical bulges and the annular plate; an end cam (22) coaxial with the first cylinder (2) is fixed on the right side wall in the cavity of the box body (1), and the hemispherical bulge is kept in contact with the end cam (22) under the action of a spring; the end cam (22) is of a cylindrical structure, and the end cam (22) and one end of the sliding rod are provided with a plurality of axial undulations so that the second strip plate (5) can axially reciprocate along the first cylinder (2).

5. The peanut sheller of claim 1, wherein the end faces of the first strip (4) and the second strip (5) close to each other are provided with a plurality of projections or patterns or grooves arranged along the radial direction of the first cylinder (2); the number of the slide ways (6) is two, and the two slide ways (6) are symmetrical front and back.

6. The peanut sheller according to claim 1, wherein the slide way (6) comprises two convex strips (12) fixed in the left-right direction, the two convex strips (12) are symmetrically arranged in the front-back direction, a T-shaped groove (13) with an inward opening is formed in each convex strip (12) and is arranged in the length direction of each convex strip (12), the sliding block (7) is arranged in each T-shaped groove (13), a pressure spring is arranged in each T-shaped groove (13), one end of each pressure spring is connected with the corresponding sliding block (7), and the other end of each pressure spring is connected with one end, far away from each other, of each T-shaped groove (13); the sliding block (7) is fixed with a pin shaft, one end of the pin shaft, which is close to the first cylinder (2), is arranged on the outer side of the T-shaped groove (13), the chuck (8) is installed on the pin shaft, and the chuck (8) can rotate on the pin shaft.

7. The peanut sheller of claim 1, wherein the chucks (8) are hexagonal in shape, and one side of each of the two chucks (8) is in close contact with each other under the action of a pressure spring in the T-shaped groove (13); the distance between the centers of the two chucks (8) is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical block (9); an annular space is arranged between the first cylinder (2) and the second cylinder (3), and the distance between the outer circular surface of the first cylinder (2) and the inner side wall of the second cylinder (3) is slightly smaller than the diameter of the shelled peanuts.

8. The peanut sheller according to claim 1, wherein a rotating shaft (19) which is coaxial with the first cylinder (2) and can rotate is arranged in the center of the first cylinder (2), a plurality of connecting rods (14) along the radial direction of the first cylinder (2) are arranged around the rotating shaft (19), the other end of each connecting rod (14) is fixed with the first cylinder (2), a motor (15) is connected to the right end of the rotating shaft (19), the motor (15) is fixed on the box body (1), the rotating shaft (19) is driven by the motor (15) to rotate, and the rotating shaft (19) drives the first cylinder (2) to rotate through the connecting rods (14); a bearing is arranged on the part of the rotating shaft (19) positioned on the annular plate, the inner circular surface of the bearing is fixed with the rotating shaft (19), and the outer circular surface of the bearing is fixed with the annular plate; a feeding cylinder (16) coaxial with the first cylinder (2) is arranged on the right side plate of the box body (1), the feeding cylinder (16) can rotate around the axis of the first cylinder (2), the left end of the feeding cylinder (16) is arranged on the left side of the box body (1), and the right end of the feeding cylinder (16) penetrates through the side wall of the box body (1) and is coaxially fixed with the annular plate; the contact part of the feeding cylinder (16) and the side wall of the box body (1) is provided with a bearing.

9. The peanut sheller according to claim 1, wherein the inner side of the rear side wall of the box body (1) is provided with a hollow pipe (17) which is transversely fixed, the height of the hollow pipe (17) is consistent with that of the lowest end of the second cylinder (3), the front side of the hollow pipe (17) is provided with a plurality of air outlets which are uniformly distributed in the left-right direction, and the hollow pipe (17) is connected with more than one fan (18); the front side of the lower end of the box body (1) is open, a first container (20) which is open is arranged in the box body (1) and is arranged under the second cylinder (3) and the upper end of the first container (20) is open, and a second container (21) which is open at the upper section is arranged on the front side of the first container (20).