CN108675889A - The granular organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product - Google Patents
The granular organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product Download PDFInfo
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- CN108675889A CN108675889A CN201810926673.8A CN201810926673A CN108675889A CN 108675889 A CN108675889 A CN 108675889A CN 201810926673 A CN201810926673 A CN 201810926673A CN 108675889 A CN108675889 A CN 108675889A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of granular organic fertilizer prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product, it is that slow-releasing granules biological organic fertilizer made from bentonite and Lauxite is added in decomposed fermentation solid by-product by after pure straw biomass fermentation solid by-product again decomposed fermentation；The mass ratio of the decomposed fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, Lauxite is：8~10:1~3:1~3.The granular organic fertilizer raw material of the present invention are green, organic, extremely low without substances, content of beary metal such as antibiotic；Had good sustained release effect, weatherability is strong, and fertilizer efficiency is long.The present invention also provides the methods for preparing the granular organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of granular organic fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product
Grain organic fertilizer, and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
According to United Nations Environment Programme, the crops planted in the world can provide about 2,000,000,000 tons of all kinds of stalks every year,
China's agricultural crop straw annual output is 700,000,000 tons or so, arranges first of the world, converts into 3.53 hundred million tons of tandard coal amount, account for whole world stalk
30% or so of total amount.The annual agricultural straw resource amount in China accounts for about the nearly half of biomass resource amount.Agricultural crop straw is
A kind of renewable resource of preciousness, but for a long time due to being influenced by consumption idea and life style, China's straw from village
Resource be completely in high consumption, high pollution, low output situation, considerable a part of agricultural crop straw thrown aside or carried out
It burns, does not obtain rational exploitation and utilization.
Using stalk as raw material develop biomass energy, not only can directly Promote rural expanding economy, increase peasant's
Income realizes the sustainable development of agricultural.While promoting China's economic progress, the discharge of greenhouse gases, maximum limit are reduced
The environment for protecting us and depending on for existence of degree.
There are the bottleneck problems such as fermentation is difficult, fermentation efficiency is low, gas production factor is low because pure straw biological ferments, most ofly
Area, feces of livestock and poultry can all be added by carrying out stalk fermentation, and there are the antibiotic of animal waste and a huge sum of moneys for the solid by-product of generation
Belong to and pollutes exceeded risk.Therefore, how to improve fermentation efficiency and the comprehensive utilization of pure straw biomass solid by-product becomes
Urgent problem.
The pollution to production environments such as rivers and lakes is brought using chemical fertilizer with a large amount of, causes soil texture to destroy, soil
The problems such as hardened, saline and alkaline acidification, people start to control the use of chemical fertilizer, and country starts to carry out " chemical fertilizer zero growth rate ", carry out organic
The use of fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer promotes soil quality, pays close attention to food security.Bio-organic fertilizer is due to its unique life
Object activity and to the improving effect of soil, by be engaged in green agriculture, organic agriculture people are favored.
Straw biomass fermentation solid by-product contains more comprehensive humic acid, organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and quick-acting
The compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, these can supply nutrients for crop, promote the growth of crop.
Bio-organic fertilizer in the prior art, mostly with the works such as the feces of livestock and poultry such as cattle and sheep and crop material, Chinese medicine slag, acid-sludge
Industry, agricultural wastes carry out decomposed fermentation, and addition microbial inoculum is prepared.Because of pure plant stalk, it is not easy decomposed fermentation, time-consuming
Reason prepares organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer by main raw material(s) of stalk, can be added feces of livestock and poultry carry out it is decomposed
Fermentation, but it has antibiotic and the exceeded risk of heavy metal pollution.Therefore, lack to prepare biology after pure plant stalk fermentation
The technology of organic fertilizer does not also prepare slow-releasing granules bio-organic fertilizer with pure plant stalk fermentation solid by-product product
The relevant technologies.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of granular organic fertilizer prepared by pure stalk fermentation solid by-product, heavy metal are provided
Extremely low with antibiotic content, innoxious degree is high, can reduce pollution of the fertilising to environment.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of granular organic fertilizer prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product is provided, it is to send out pure straw biomass
Ferment solid by-product after decomposed fermentation, adds made from bentonite and Lauxite in decomposed fermentation solid by-product and delays again
Release granular bioorganic fertilizer.
In the granular organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the decomposed fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, Lauxite is：
8~10:1~3:1~3.
The pure straw biomass fermentation solid by-product is preferably prepared by the following method：By it is fresh or through storage
Stalk be ground into granule materials, be then added and account for the cellulases of granule materials weight 0.01~0.1 ‰ water at 35-45 DEG C
24~48hr is solved, material anaerobic fermentation at 40-50 DEG C after hydrolysis, material is through being separated by solid-liquid separation the hair described in obtaining after fermentation
Ferment solid by-product.Preferred 37-39 DEG C of the hydrolysis temperature, more preferable 38 DEG C；The preferred 46-48 of anaerobic fermentation temperature
℃。
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stalk through storage preferably stores by the following method：Stalk is crushed
To 2-5cm, stalk water content is adjusted to 55%~75%, then sprinkling contains stover ferment agent strain in the stalk of crushing
Aqueous solution makes stover ferment agent strain account for the 0.01-0.1 ‰ of stalk weight, stover ferment agent strain is then added, then by stalk
It is spare to be pressed and sealed storage.Perishable phenomenon of the stalk in storing process can be effectively prevented from using the storage method.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the decomposed fermentation is the pile fermentation at 40-50 DEG C, during which according to fermentate
Expect that decomposed temperature change and change of moisture content determine the frequency for turning over throwing；Temperature of charge maintains an equal level with ambient temperature and water content exists
40-50%, pH terminate to ferment in 6.0-8.5.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the decomposed fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, Lauxite is：
8:1:1。
In currently preferred granular organic fertilizer, further contain the composite microbial for accounting for granular organic fertilizer weight 0.5~1%
Object microbial inoculum；The complex micro organism fungicide is preferably by bafillus natto, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, breast
Arbitrary two or more compositions in sour bacterium or bacillus subtilis.
On this basis, the present invention further provides the method for preparing the granular organic fertilizer, include the following steps：
1) fresh or through storage stalk is ground into granule materials, then be added account for granule materials weight 0.01~
0.1 ‰ cellulase hydrolyzes 24~48hr at 35-45 DEG C, material anaerobic fermentation, fermentation ends at 40-50 DEG C after hydrolysis
Material obtains the fermentation solid by-product through being separated by solid-liquid separation afterwards；
2) by 1) gained fermentation solid by-product pile fermentation at 40-50 DEG C, during which according to the decomposed temperature of fermentation materials
Degree variation and change of moisture content determine the frequency for turning over throwing；Temperature of charge maintains an equal level with ambient temperature and water content exists in 40-50%, pH
Terminate to ferment when 6.0-8.5, the solid by-product after fermentation is ground up, sieved to obtain decomposed fermentation solid by-product；
3) 2) bentonite will be sequentially added in the decomposed fermentation solid by-product obtained, Lauxite is stirred, make corruption
The mass ratio of ripe fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, Lauxite is：8~10:1~3:1~3；It is wet to obtain Slow release organic fertilizer
Material；
4) 3) the Slow release organic fertilizer wet feed obtained is obtained into slow-releasing granules biological organic fertilizer after granulation, drying, cooling.
In the currently preferred preparation method, step 4) further carries out sprinkling composite microbial to particle after the cooling period
Object microbial inoculum；The complex micro organism fungicide is by bafillus natto, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria
In two or more composition.
Compared with prior art, granular organic fertilizer of the invention has the advantages that：
1. raw material are green, it is organic, without substances such as antibiotic, content of beary metal is far below other fermentation process.
Granular organic fertilizer of the present invention is prepared using the solid by-product that pure stalk fermentation obtains as raw material, and the raw material is by uniqueness
Fermentation method obtain, do not add any fowl and animal excrement or waste in fermentation process, therefore gained tunning not only antibiosis
The substances such as element, and organic matter and nutrient content are high.Which thereby enhance the quality of granular organic fertilizer of the present invention.
2. granular organic fertilizer had good sustained release effect, weatherability is strong, and fertilizer efficiency is long.
Since Lauxite viscosity is larger, be conducive to the molding of biological organic granular fertilizer, at the same the nitrogen in it can
Slow release constitutes slow-release nutrient, and by playing package action, forms the continuous and effective release of N P and K, therefore add ureaformaldehyde
Resin makes the granular organic fertilizer of the present invention extend fertilizer releasing period.In addition the addition of Lauxite can also increase the micro- life of soil
Object activity promotes the formation of soil granular, and with the characteristic for resisting leaching.In addition, the granular fertilizer of the present invention is due to addition
Lauxite and there is excellent resistance to low temperature, can smoothness spend algid stage in winter, and keep fertilizer efficiency, more conventional biology
The term of validity of organic fertilizer, fertilizer can extend 6-12 months.
Specific implementation mode
It is further elaborated on technical scheme of the present invention and its effect, but this hair below by way of the mode for enumerating embodiment
Bright scheme is not limited to cited embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A method of granular organic fertilizer being prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product, is included the following steps：
(1) stalk fermentation
Stalk is quantitatively sent in hydrolytic tank by cut-out, pulverization process to 0-2 centimeter lengths by conveyer belt.It is set in pond
Setting hot water circulation heated system makes feed temperature be maintained at 38 DEG C or so.Material pumps pump from hydrolytic tank by the feed screw in pump house
Enter fermentation tank, keeps 48 DEG C of temperature in fermentation tank, stalk ferments.Single fermentation unit tank body is equipped with corresponding blender,
Ensure that material is thoroughly mixed in tank, makes the microorganism come into full contact with and degrade with organic matter.
(2) it is separated by solid-liquid separation
Fermentate enters solid-liquid separating machine from fermentation tank by discharge port in tank, is detached, and dehydration straw biomass is obtained
The fermentation solid by-product of the energy.Liquid all flows back into infinite reflux system.
(3) the fermentation solid by-product pile fermentation of the straw biomass energy
The fermentation solid by-product of the dewatered straw biomass energy is transported in fermentation vat, pile fermentation, using slot
Formula is fermented.When fermentation ends, fermentation temperature maintains an equal level with ambient temperature substantially, and water content is maintained at 40-50%, and pH is in 6.0-8.5.
The fermentation solid by-product of the straw biomass energy after fermentation is sieved, not will be ground into grinder by sieve pore,
It will be sent by conveyer belt after grinding and continue to be sieved.
(4) granular organic fertilizer is produced
The fermentation solid by-product of the straw biomass energy after sieving is sent through Shaftless screw conveyor to vertical mixer,
Bentonite is sequentially added in vertical mixer, Lauxite is stirred.Each raw-material weight proportioning is as follows：Straw biological mass-energy
The fermentation solid by-product in source is:Bentonite:Lauxite=8:1:1.
Mixture after stirring enters comminutor and is granulated, and obtains particle slow release organic fertilizer wet feed.Organic fertilizer wet feed by
Drying feed belt machine transports the jet-propelled dryer of tubulation to, then enters the cooling of cooling screening machine via cooling feed belt machine.
(5) it is packed after spraying bacterium
Organic granular fertilizer, after drying cooling, into spray bacterium position.It sprays bacterium and selects complex micro organism fungicide, be natto bud
The complex micro organism fungicide that spore bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria collectively constitute.After carrying out spray bacterium,
The granular fertilizer of finished product is transported to finished product packing feed bin packaging by bucket elevator.
Embodiment 2
A method of granular organic fertilizer being prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product, is included the following steps：
(1) stalk fermentation
Within 1.5 centimetres, material feeding box is loaded by forklift by cut-out, pulverization process to length for stalk.Meanwhile
Material dosing in material feeding box is at the uniform velocity sent in hydrolytic tank by conveyer belt.Hot water circulation heated system is arranged in pond makes feed liquid temperature
Degree is maintained at 40 DEG C or so.
Material is pumped into fermentation tank from hydrolytic tank by the feed screw in pump house, and tank body takes guarantor's mild heat, keeps hair
46-48 DEG C of temperature in fermentation tank, rotating speed of agitator are set as 30 revs/min, ensure being thoroughly mixed for material in tank.
(2) it is separated by solid-liquid separation
Fermentate in tank is pumped into solid-liquid separating machine from fermentation tank by discharge screw, is detached, and obtaining water content is
The fermentation solid by-product of the dehydration straw biomass energy of 55-65%.Liquid all flow back into infinite reflux system be used as into
Expect adjusting water.
(3) the fermentation solid by-product pile fermentation of the straw biomass energy
The fermentation solid by-product of the dewatered straw biomass energy is transported in fermentation vat, pile fermentation, using slot
Formula is fermented.According to the fermentation solid by-product of the straw biomass energy decomposed temperature change and change of moisture content, throwing is turned in determination
Frequency, maintain 40-50 DEG C of medium temperature.When fermentation ends, fermentation temperature maintains an equal level with ambient temperature substantially, and water content is maintained at 40-
50%, PH are in 6.0-8.5.The fermentation solid by-product of stalk biomass energy after fermentation is sieved, and does not pass through the solid pair of sieve pore
Product will be ground into grinder, will be sent by conveyer belt after grinding and be continued to be sieved.
(4) granular organic fertilizer is produced
The fermentation solid by-product of the straw biomass energy after sieving is sent through Shaftless screw conveyor to vertical mixer,
Bentonite is sequentially added in vertical mixer, Lauxite is stirred.Each raw-material weight proportioning is as follows：Straw biological mass-energy
The fermentation solid by-product in source is:Bentonite:Lauxite=8:1:1.Mixture after stirring enters comminutor and is granulated,
Obtain particle slow release organic fertilizer wet feed.
Organic fertilizer wet feed transports the jet-propelled dryer of tubulation to by drying feed belt machine, then via cooling feed belt machine
It is cooled down into cooling screening machine.
(5) it is packed after spraying bacterium
Organic granular fertilizer, after drying cooling, into spray bacterium position.It sprays bacterium and selects bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis
After carrying out spray bacterium, the granular fertilizer of finished product is transported to finished product packing feed bin packaging by bucket elevator for the complex micro organism fungicide of bacterium.
Effect detection
1. detecting organic matter, total nutrient and harmless chemical conversion in the decomposed fermentation solid by-product obtained by 2 step of embodiment (3)
The index divided, the results show that the decomposed fermentation solid by-product content of organic matter (to dry in terms of base) of embodiment 2 is 54.85%,
Total nitrogen content is 2.25% (in terms of N), and phosphorus content is (with P2O5Meter) it is 0.76%, potassium content is (with K2O is counted) it is 2.07%, it is total to support
Divide total 5.08%；And arsenic content is 1.32mg/kg, mercury content 0.46mg/kg, lead content 4.05mg/kg, chromium content is
9.08mg/kg, cadmium content 0.026mg/kg.
As it can be seen that the innoxious degree of granular organic fertilizer raw material of the present invention is high, content of beary metal be substantially less than organic fertilizer without
The national standard of evilization；And organic matter and nutrient content are very high, can substantially reduce and further prepare being produced into for organic fertilizer
This.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of granular organic fertilizer prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product, it is by pure straw biomass fermentation solid
By-product after decomposed fermentation, adds slow-releasing granules made from bentonite and Lauxite in decomposed fermentation solid by-product again
Biological organic fertilizer；The mass ratio of the decomposed fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, Lauxite is：8~10:1~3:1~
3。
2. granular organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pure straw biomass fermentation solid by-product is logical
Cross following methods preparation：Fresh or through storage stalk is ground into granule materials, is then added and accounts for granule materials weight
0.01~0.1 ‰ cellulase hydrolyzes 24~48hr at 35-45 DEG C, material anaerobic fermentation at 40-50 DEG C after hydrolysis, hair
Material obtains the fermentation solid by-product through being separated by solid-liquid separation after ferment.
3. the granular organic fertilizer described in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The hydrolysis temperature is 37-39 DEG C, preferably 38 DEG C；
The anaerobic fermentation temperature is 46-48 DEG C.
4. the granular organic fertilizer described in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The stalk through storage stores up by the following method
It deposits：Stalk is crushed to 2-5cm, adjusts stalk water content to 55%~75%, then sprinkling contains straw in the stalk of crushing
The aqueous solution of stalk starter culture makes stover ferment agent strain account for the 0.01-0.1 ‰ of stalk weight, stalk fermentation is then added
Agent strain, then by stalk be pressed and sealed storage it is spare.
5. granular organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The decomposed fermentation is that stack retting is sent out at 40-50 DEG C
During which ferment determines the frequency for turning over throwing according to the decomposed temperature change of fermentation materials and change of moisture content；Temperature of charge and external world's temperature
Degree maintains an equal level and water content terminates to ferment when 40-50%, pH are in 6.0-8.5.
6. granular organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The decomposed fermentation solid by-product and bentonite, urea
The mass ratio of urea formaldehyde is：8:1:1.
7. granular organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The granular organic fertilizer, which further contains, to be accounted for particle and has
The complex micro organism fungicide of machine fertilizer weight 0.5~1%；The complex micro organism fungicide is preferably by bafillus natto, Xie Dian
Arbitrary two or more compositions in afnyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria or bacillus subtilis.
8. the method for preparing granular organic fertilizer described in claim 1, includes the following steps：
1) fresh or through storage stalk is ground into granule materials, is then added and accounts for granule materials weight 0.01~0.1 ‰
Cellulase at 35-45 DEG C, at preferably 38 DEG C, hydrolyze 24~48hr, material is at 40-50 DEG C after hydrolysis, preferably 48 DEG C
Under, anaerobic fermentation, material is through being separated by solid-liquid separation the fermentation solid by-product described in obtaining after fermentation；
2) by 1) gained fermentation solid by-product pile fermentation at 40-50 DEG C, during which become according to the decomposed temperature of fermentation materials
Change and change of moisture content determines the frequency for turning over throwing；Temperature of charge and ambient temperature maintain an equal level and water content in 40-50%, pH in 6.0-
Terminate to ferment when 8.5, the solid by-product after fermentation is ground up, sieved to obtain decomposed fermentation solid by-product；
3) 2) bentonite will be sequentially added in the decomposed fermentation solid by-product obtained, Lauxite is stirred, make decomposed hair
Ferment solid by-product and the mass ratio of bentonite, Lauxite are：8~10:1~3:1~3, preferably 8:1:1；Obtaining sustained release has
Machine fertilizer wet feed；
4) 3) the Slow release organic fertilizer wet feed obtained is obtained into slow-releasing granules biological organic fertilizer after granulation, drying, cooling.
9. method according to any one of claims 8, it is characterised in that：Step 4) further to particle spray compound micro- after the cooling period
Bacteria agent；The complex micro organism fungicide accounts for the 0.5~1% of granular organic fertilizer weight；The complex micro organism fungicide
It is made of two or more in bafillus natto, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria.
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| CN201810926673.8A CN108675889A (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2018-08-15 | The granular organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof prepared using pure stalk fermentation solid by-product |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113735649A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-12-03 | 云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司 | Preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer |
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