CN113735649A - Preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735649A CN113735649A CN202011380635.0A CN202011380635A CN113735649A CN 113735649 A CN113735649 A CN 113735649A CN 202011380635 A CN202011380635 A CN 202011380635A CN 113735649 A CN113735649 A CN 113735649A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating raw materials; secondly, decomposing and fermenting; thirdly, mixing and granulating; and step four, adding a functional microbial inoculum. The invention has the following effective effects: 1. by controlling the C/N value of the fermented materials, the fermentation rate is improved, the fermentation time is shortened, the organic material decomposition agent is added, the temperature in the fermentation process is kept above 65 ℃, germs and parasites in the raw materials can be effectively killed in the fermentation process, and the use safety of the fermented organic fertilizer is improved. 2. The granulation of the functional biological organic fertilizer is realized, different biological functional bacteria agents are added on the basis of the organic fertilizer, the using links of the fertilizer are reduced, the appearance of finished product particles is improved, and the granular organic fertilizer is more attractive in appearance compared with organic fertilizer columnar particles on the market and is convenient for farmers to apply in field application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer.
Background
Fungi belong to eukaryotic microorganisms, and have obvious differences from plants, animals and bacteria in growth, reproduction, nutrition, physiology, morphological structure, composition and the like, and the greatest difference from other three types of organisms is that cells of the fungi contain abundant and various polysaccharide components, such as chitin, mannan, glucan and the like, and some fungi cells can absorb and enrich microelements such as selenium and organic germanium. Meanwhile, a plurality of researches show that part of fungi also have the function of antagonizing plant diseases and insect pests, and microbial biological preparation products developed by using active thalli and spores thereof are widely applied to the prevention and the treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests in the agricultural production fields of field crops, economic crops, flower and horticultural crops and the like.
The liquid fermentation culture is easy to realize pure culture, the product concentration is high, but the culture is not easy to store and transport. The solid state fermentation is a common culture process for microorganisms, is simple and convenient to operate, has large spore yield, is convenient for storage, transportation and field application of cultures, and has wide prospects in the propagation of plant diseases by the microorganisms. Solid fermentation refers to a biological reaction process with one or more microorganisms in a solid substrate with a certain humidity in the absence or almost absence of free water, and is a fermentation means used in the case of a culture medium of solid particles.
The functional organic fertilizer refers to a green fertilizer prepared by fermenting organic materials with certain functions (preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, promoting growth, promoting rooting and the like), and the process generally comprises adding substances with certain functions or functional microorganisms. However, the organic fertilizer is added after being completely decomposed, so that the cost and the production time are increased, and in recent years, the problems of incomplete decomposition, unstable functions and the like of functional organic fertilizers generally exist in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
firstly, raw material pretreatment: sampling the recycled waste straw fermentation raw materials, carrying out chemical analysis on nutrients of the waste straw fermentation raw materials, determining a C/N value in the fermentation raw materials, crushing the waste straws, sieving the waste straws by a 60-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste straws in a fermentation tank after sieving, adding a decomposed microbial inoculum, adding water to control the water content to be 45-55%, and adding a urea solution to adjust the C/N ratio of the fermentation raw materials to be 25-30:1, turning and throwing to uniformly mix the materials;
secondly, decomposing and fermenting: supplying oxygen to the bottom of the fermentation tank through a blower, regularly turning and throwing the mixed material by using a turner, increasing the turning and throwing frequency of the material when the temperature of the mixed material exceeds 80 ℃, fermenting for 20-25 days, and standing and aging;
thirdly, mixing and granulating: adding the straw organic fertilizer fermented in the second step into a rotary drum for inorganic fertilizer granulation, dissolving and spraying molasses heated to 70 ℃ into the rotary drum, wherein the addition amount of the molasses accounts for 10% -30% of the total amount of the fermented product, mixing the molasses with the straw organic fertilizer for granulation, drying and cooling after granulation of particles, and the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
fourthly, adding a functional microbial inoculum: after cooling the organic fertilizer particles, spraying functional microbial inoculum in a coating barrel at the temperature lower than 40 ℃, coating, spraying 10-20 liters of functional microbial inoculum per ton, and packaging the coated finished product;
the functional microbial inoculum in the fourth step is bacillus or bacillus subtilis or bacillus, bacillus subtilis and the like which are compounded in mass;
the preservation registration number of the bacillus is CGMCC NO. 20151;
the preservation registration number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC NO. 20142.
Further, the particle size of the particles in the second step is 2mm-4 mm.
Further, the finished product in the fourth step has the bacteria content of 2 multiplied by 107CFU/g。
Further, the roller is kept at 50-75 ℃ during granulation in the third step, the rotating speed is 12r/min, the raw materials in the roller are dried and cooled after being pelletized, and the drying temperature is controlled at 50-60 ℃.
Bacillus (Bacillus sp.), the preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.20151, the preservation date is as follows: 28/6/2020, depository: china general microbiological culture Collection center; and (4) storage address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
Bacillus subtilis with a preservation registration number of CGMCC number 20142 and a preservation date of: 28/6/2020, depository: china general microbiological culture Collection center; and (4) storage address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of rape cake sand 600, 400 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 0-600 parts of chrysanthemum cake, 0-400 parts of palm cake, 1-3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 3-8 parts of lime and 10-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
the functional microbial inoculum comprises Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma and Trichoderma harzianum in equal mass ratio;
the preservation registration number of the trichoderma viride is CGMCC NO. 19921;
the preservation registration number of the trichoderma is CGMCC NO. 19924;
the preservation registration number of the trichoderma harzianum is CGMCC NO. 19925;
and the rape cake, the tobacco stalk and the chrysanthemum cake and the palm cake are ground and then sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.
Further, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of rape seed cake, 300 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 300 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 200 parts of palm cake, 2 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 5 parts of lime and 125 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Further, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of rape seed cake, 400 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 600 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 0 part of palm cake, 1 part of functional microbial inoculum, 8 parts of lime and 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Further, the raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of rape seed cake, 100 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 0 part of chrysanthemum flower cake, 400 parts of palm cake, 3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material preparation, namely respectively weighing crushed and sieved rape cake, tobacco stem and tobacco powder, chrysanthemum cake and palm cake as organic materials, and weighing lime and monocalcium phosphate as raw materials for adjusting pH;
step two, preparing a functional organic fertilizer, namely respectively weighing, crushing and sieving rape seed cakes, tobacco stems and tobacco powder, chrysanthemum cakes, palm cakes, lime and monocalcium phosphate according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 45-55%, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, stacking and fermenting the materials, turning the materials at the fermentation temperature of 65 ℃, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55-70 ℃, controlling the C/N of the fermented materials to be 25-30:1, turning and throwing the materials once every other day during the period, keeping aeration, and obtaining a primary fermentation product when the fermentation time is 28-35 days;
step three, performing secondary fermentation on the functional organic fertilizer, uniformly spraying a functional microbial inoculum by using the primary fermentation product obtained in the step two, stacking the material into a pile with the length of 15-20 m, the width of 3-5 m and the height of 0.5-0.8 m by adopting a strip-pile type fermentation, covering the material by using a film object during the fermentation to enable the material to be in a closed environment, fermenting for 7 days, and turning and throwing once every other day;
step four, detecting the organic matter content, the moisture content, the pH value and the functional bacteria content of the functional organic fertilizer obtained in the step three until the temperature of the materials in the step three is not increased;
step five: and packaging with a woven bag lined with a film bag after weighing.
The effective fruit of the product of the invention is:
1. the functional organic fertilizer can effectively improve the active ingredients and the flora quantity for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests through secondary addition of the functional microbial inoculum for fermentation, enhances the prevention and control effect on soil-borne diseases, can realize effective prevention and control on tobacco root knot nematode, and has good social benefit and ecological benefit.
2. The functional organic fertilizer has no toxic or side effect on soil and crops, can effectively reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides and reduce pesticide residues in the soil and the crops, and has good economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to the details of the description.
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of rape cake sand cake, 400 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder sand cake, 0-600 parts of chrysanthemum flower sand cake, 0-400 parts of palm sand cake, 1-3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 3-8 parts of lime and 10-15 parts of monocalcium phosphate, wherein the functional microbial inoculum comprises trichoderma viride, trichoderma and trichoderma harzianum in equal mass ratio. Has the function of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases.
Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) with a preservation registration number of CGMCC NO. 19921; the preservation date is as follows: 28/6/2020, depository: china general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation Address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
Trichoderma (Trichoderma sp.) with a preservation registration number of CGMCC NO. 19924; the preservation date is as follows: 28/6/2020, depository: china general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation Address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) with preservation registration number CGMCC NO. 19925; the preservation date is as follows: 28/6/2020, depository: china general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation Address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
The rape cake, tobacco stem and tobacco powder, chrysanthemum cake and palm cake are all raw materials which are crushed and then sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material preparation, namely respectively weighing crushed and sieved rape seed cakes, tobacco stem scraps, chrysanthemum cakes and palm cakes as organic materials, and weighing lime and monocalcium phosphate as raw materials for adjusting pH.
Step two, preparing a functional organic fertilizer by using a fungus solid fermentation method, weighing and crushing and sieving 300 parts of rape cake-shaped sand-baked, 400 parts of tobacco stem-shaped sand-baked, 0-600 parts of chrysanthemum cake-baked, 0-400 parts of palm cake-baked, 3-8 parts of lime and 10-15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the material to be 45-55 percent and the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, stacking and fermenting the material, starting to turn the material when the fermentation temperature is 65 ℃, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55-70 ℃, controlling the C/N (mass ratio) of the fermented material to be 25-30:1, turning and throwing once every other day during the period, keeping aeration, and obtaining a primary fermentation product when the fermentation time is 28-35 days;
step three, performing secondary fermentation on the functional organic fertilizer prepared by using a fungus solid fermentation method, uniformly spraying a functional microbial inoculum by using a primary fermentation product obtained in the step two, stacking the material into a pile body with the length of 15-20 m, the width of 3-5 m and the height of 0.5-0.8 m by adopting strip-pile type fermentation, covering the material with films and the like during fermentation to ensure that the material is in a relatively closed environment, increasing the humidity, avoiding the pollution of excessive bacteria, fermenting for 7 days, and turning and throwing once every other day;
step four, detecting the organic matter content, the moisture content, the pH value and the functional bacteria content of the functional organic fertilizer obtained in the step three until the temperature of the materials in the step three is not increased;
step five: and packaging with a woven bag lined with a film bag after weighing.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of rape seed cake, 300 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 300 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 200 parts of palm cake, 2 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 5 parts of lime and 125 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 2
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of rape seed cakes, 300 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 150 parts of chrysanthemum cakes, 2 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 5 parts of lime and 15 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 3
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of rape seed cake, 100 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 500 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 100 parts of palm cake, 3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 8 parts of lime and 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 4
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of rape seed cake, 150 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 350 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 100 parts of palm cake, 1 part of functional microbial inoculum, 3 parts of lime and 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 5
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of rape seed cake, 200 parts of tobacco stem powder, 250 parts of palm cake, 3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 5 parts of lime and 15 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 6
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of rape seed cake, 400 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 600 parts of chrysanthemum flower cake, 0 part of palm cake, 1 part of functional microbial inoculum, 8 parts of lime and 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Specific example 7
A fungus solid fermentation organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of rape seed cake, 100 parts of tobacco stem and tobacco powder, 0 part of chrysanthemum flower cake, 400 parts of palm cake, 3 parts of functional microbial inoculum, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
Comparative experiment 1
The influence of the functional organic fertilizer on the growth and disease occurrence of the flue-cured tobacco in the embodiment of the invention is tested
1. Purpose of the experiment
Soil-borne diseases are diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses which live in the soil with disease residues and which attack crops from the roots or stems of the crops under appropriate conditions. Examples of pathogens include fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, and nematodes. Wherein fungi are taken as main materials, such as bacterial wilt is a typical soil-borne disease, and when the roots of plants are damaged, the growth of root systems is limited and wounds appear, so that the problems of insufficient nutrient absorption, short and small plants, infection of other pathogenic bacteria and the like are easily caused. At present, chemical reagents are mostly adopted in production to prevent and treat soil-borne diseases, but the problems of environmental pollution, pesticide residue and the like caused by the chemical reagents are more and more serious, and the chemical reagents are more and more valued. The fertilizer of the embodiment is used for researching the influence of the fertilizer on the tobacco soil-borne diseases, and has important significance for the prevention and the treatment of the tobacco soil-borne diseases and the soil conservation.
2 materials and methods
2.1 test site
Zhaoyang province in Yunnan province.
2.2 test materials
Test work: the growth vigor is uniform and consistent, and a normal local main cultivated variety (Yunyan 87) grows.
Fertilizer to be tested: the biocontrol functional organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1-6 is named as No.1 fertilizer and No.2 fertilizer … … 6 fertilizer respectively; no. 7 fertilizer is a common organic fertilizer (8-16-26) sold in the market.
2.3 test methods
The test adopts a random block test design, 3 treatments are set, 3 times of repetition are carried out, each repetition is 1 cell, and 9 cells are totally adopted. The treatment is as follows:
t1: applying 100g of No.1 fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
t2: no.2 fertilizer is applied to 100g of base fertilizer;
t3: applying No. 3 fertilizer 100g of base fertilizer;
t4: no. 4 fertilizer is applied to 100g of base fertilizer;
t5: no. 5 fertilizer is applied to 100g of base fertilizer;
t6: no. 6 fertilizer is applied to 100g of base fertilizer;
t7: applying 100g of base fertilizer of common organic fertilizer sold in the market;
180 tobacco plants are planted in each cell, the plant spacing and the row spacing are executed according to local standards, and the other fertilizer application and cultivation management measures are executed according to the standards of local high-quality tobacco production except that the base fertilizer application is different in each treatment.
3 items and methods of investigation
3.1 field growth phase progression survey
Observing and recording the development of growth periods of 50 percent of tobacco plants treated in each process, such as conglobation, vigorous growth, budding, picking and baking, and the like, and recording topping time, first picking and baking time and last picking and baking time.
3.2 agronomic trait survey
After the vigorous growth period and the capping period are respectively carried out, 15 representative tobacco plants are randomly selected in each cell according to the S-shaped distribution, and the plant height, the stem circumference, the leaf number, the leaf area coefficient, the maximum leaf length, the maximum leaf width and the like are observed and measured according to the YC/T142-plus 2010 tobacco agronomic character survey measuring method.
3.3 investigation of disease occurrence
After topping, according to the GB/T23222-2008 tobacco pest classification and investigation method, the occurrence condition of each treated main disease (mainly investigated soil-borne diseases) is investigated, and the morbidity and disease grade index are counted.
3.4 economic character survey
And (4) each treatment is carried out with independent listing and baking, and the acre yield, the acre yield value, the average price, the first-class smoke proportion and the middle-class smoke proportion are counted.
4 results and analysis
The following results are obtained after the test is finished through the tracking investigation, data collection, index detection, comprehensive analysis and objective evaluation in the whole process.
4.1 field growth phase progression survey
The growth and development stages of different treatments were observed and recorded throughout the field growth period of tobacco plants, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the growth period of T1-T6 is advanced by 3-10 days, the maturation period of the foot leaves and the top leaves is advanced, and the whole growth period of the field is shortened by 4 days.
Table 1 different treatments growth development period units: month-day
4.3 agronomic trait survey
In the test process, after the tobacco plants are capped, the plant height, the stem circumference, the number of leaves of each plant, the maximum leaf length, the maximum leaf width and the leaf area coefficient are measured, 15 plants are randomly selected from each demonstration investigation area for measurement, and the statistical results are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 agronomic traits after capping for each treatment
As can be seen from Table 2, the tobacco plant height, stem circumference, leaf number per plant, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and leaf area coefficient after capping treatment with T1-T62 are all superior to those of the control group. After the functional organic fertilizer is applied on the whole, the agronomic characters after capping are obviously superior to those of the common organic fertilizer sold in the market, and the improvement of the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves is facilitated.
4.4 investigation of disease occurrence
After topping, according to GB/T23222-2008 tobacco pest classification and investigation methods, 50 plants are randomly selected for each treatment to carry out main disease occurrence condition investigation, and the incidence rate is counted, and the statistical result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 disease occurrence
As can be seen from Table 3, the incidence of treating common diseases by applying the fertilizer of the application is remarkably reduced compared with the incidence of treating common organic fertilizers by applying the commercial organic fertilizers, wherein the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as black rot, black shank and bacterial wilt is less than or equal to 6.0%, and the contrast is clear as the contrast is as high as more than 18.0%. The fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, is beneficial to prevention and control of diseases, can effectively reduce the incidence rate of the diseases, and improves the quality and the yield of tobacco leaves.
4.5 economic character survey
As can be seen from Table 4, the economic treatment traits of the fertilizer are all higher than those of the control group, wherein the acre output value of T2 (namely No.2 fertilizer treatment) is 4254.92 yuan/acre and is 1.67 times of that of the control group, and the acre output value of T1 (namely No.1 fertilizer treatment) is 4568.19 yuan/acre and is 1.79 times of that of the control group, which is far higher than that of the treatment group applied with the commercial organic fertilizer.
TABLE 4 survey of economic traits in each demonstration area
From the above results, it can be seen that the functional organic fertilizer prepared by the fungus solid fermentation method in embodiments 1-6 of the present invention, especially the organic fertilizer in embodiment 1, can shorten the growth period of tobacco, reduce the incidence of disease, increase the yield and quality, greatly increase the acre yield, and has a positive effect on the environment after long-term application, and is suitable for large-area popularization.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to the technical scheme of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
firstly, raw material pretreatment: sampling the recycled waste straw fermentation raw materials, carrying out chemical analysis on nutrients of the waste straw fermentation raw materials, determining a C/N value in the fermentation raw materials, crushing the waste straws, sieving the waste straws by a 60-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste straws in a fermentation tank after sieving, adding a decomposed microbial inoculum, adding water to control the water content to be 45-55%, and adding a urea solution to adjust the C/N ratio of the fermentation raw materials to be 25-30:1, turning and throwing to uniformly mix the materials;
secondly, decomposing and fermenting: supplying oxygen to the bottom of the fermentation tank through a blower, regularly turning and throwing the mixed material by using a turner, increasing the turning and throwing frequency of the material when the temperature of the mixed material exceeds 80 ℃, fermenting for 20-25 days, and standing and aging;
thirdly, mixing and granulating: adding the straw organic fertilizer fermented in the second step into a rotary drum for inorganic fertilizer granulation, dissolving and spraying molasses heated to 70 ℃ into the rotary drum, wherein the addition amount of the molasses accounts for 10% -30% of the total amount of the fermented product, mixing the molasses with the straw organic fertilizer for granulation, drying and cooling after granulation of particles, and the particle size of the particles is 2-4 mm;
fourthly, adding a functional microbial inoculum: after cooling the organic fertilizer particles, spraying functional microbial inoculum in a coating barrel at the temperature lower than 40 ℃, coating, spraying 10-20 liters of functional microbial inoculum per ton, and packaging the coated finished product;
the functional microbial inoculum in the fourth step is bacillus or bacillus subtilis or bacillus, bacillus subtilis and the like which are compounded in mass;
the preservation registration number of the bacillus is CGMCC NO. 20151;
the preservation registration number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC NO. 20142.
2. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the particles in the second step is 2mm-4 mm.
3. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bacteria content of the finished product in the fourth step is 2 multiplied by 107CFU/g。
4. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, the roller is kept at 50-75 ℃ during granulation, the rotating speed is 12r/min, the raw materials in the roller are dried and cooled after being pelletized, and the drying temperature is controlled at 50-60 ℃.
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