CN108668840A - A kind of tomato soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of tomato soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668840A CN108668840A CN201810479532.6A CN201810479532A CN108668840A CN 108668840 A CN108668840 A CN 108668840A CN 201810479532 A CN201810479532 A CN 201810479532A CN 108668840 A CN108668840 A CN 108668840A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of tomato soilless culture substrates and preparation method thereof, include the raw material of following parts by weight：30 ~ 60 parts of fermentation of biomass, 5 ~ 20 parts of carbonization rice husk, 5 ~ 10 parts of wormcast, 5 ~ 15 parts of fishbone dust, 5 ~ 15 parts of bentonite, 5 ~ 10 parts of bechilite powder, 5 ~ 15 parts of oyster shell whiting.The fermentation of biomass includes the raw material of following parts by weight：5 ~ 10 parts of Pepper stalk powder, 5 ~ 10 parts of toosendanin straw powder, 5 ~ 10 parts of garlic stalk powder, 1 ~ 5 part of microbial bacterial agent.Tomato soilless culture substrate permeability provided by the present invention is good, and physicochemical property is excellent, and nutrition is comprehensive, can not only promote tomato plant strain growth, enhance intensity of photosynthesis, increase Tomato Quality, improves yield, can also disease-resistant expelling parasite, reduce the use of pesticide, reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soilless substyate culture technical fields, specifically, be related to a kind of tomato soilless culture substrate and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
Tomato is a kind of Solanaceae tomato platymiscium, is annual or herbaceos perennial.In fruit rich in carrotene,
Riboflavin and vitamin C, vitamin E and microelements of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc etc., it is full of nutrition, have flavour, you can raw
Eat, cooking may also be fabricated which jam, have weight-reducing, dispelling fatigue improves a poor appetite, and improves the digestion to protein, reduces stomach
Swollen dyspepsia and other effects, very popular, demand is increasing, and the plantation of tomato is also increasingly wider.
With the growth of soil in protected field Planting Years, environment, fertilizer application are unbalanced in facility and irrigation method is unreasonable
Etc. factors directly result in soil acidification and secondary salinization, soil physico-chemical property is deteriorated, and content of beary metal increases year by year, serious to press down
Crop growthing development processed reduces crop yield and quality.Continuous cropping obstacle of facility-cultivated tomato phenomenon is more and more common, to farmer with
Great economic loss is carried out.
In recent years, with the rise of cultivation technique without soil, substrate culture can effectively solve the problem that bare place soil can not because of it
With the acidification of, soil in protected field, secondary salinization and the unbalanced problem of nutrient, and the yield of crop is significantly improved, promotes quality, subtract
Few soil-borne disease overcomes continuous cropping obstacle, purification planting environment, expands the advantages that application range and have vast potential for future development.
Tomato soilless culture substrate plays a crucial role during growth, currently, tomato soilless culture base
Matter generally uses turf for primary raw material, since turf is on the high side, by territory restriction and is non-renewable resources, leads to matrix
Cost price is higher, and long-term exhaustive exploitation can also cause serious destruction to local Wetland Environment.Therefore exploitation one
It is tomato soilless culture that kind stable in physicochemical property, convenient material drawing, raw material, which are easily obtained, cheap raw material replace turf
Key.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tomato soilless culture substrates.
In order to realize the object of the invention, technical scheme is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of tomato soilless culture substrates and preparation method thereof, include the raw material of following parts by weight：Hair
30~60 parts of ferment biomass, 5~20 parts of carbonization rice husk, 5~10 parts of wormcast, 5~15 parts of fishbone dust, 5~15 parts of bentonite, boron
5~10 parts of calcium mountain flour, 5~15 parts of oyster shell whiting.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, which includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Fermentation of biomass
40~50 parts, 10~15 parts of carbonization rice husk, 7~9 parts of wormcast, 8~12 parts of fishbone dust, 8~12 parts of bentonite, bechilite powder 6
~8 parts, 8~12 parts of oyster shell whiting.
Further, the fermentation of biomass includes the raw material of following parts by weight：5~10 parts of Pepper stalk powder, toosendanin
5~10 parts of straw powder, 5~10 parts of garlic stalk powder, 1~5 part of microbial bacterial agent.
Further, the fermentation of biomass further includes the raw material of following parts by weight：20~40 parts of sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed dregs 10
~20 parts, 10~20 parts of animal wastes, 5~15 parts of peanut shell powder, 10~15 parts of agricultural residues powder.
Further, the preparation method of the fermentation of biomass, which is characterized in that by sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed dregs, animal excreta
Just, peanut shell powder, Pepper stalk powder, toosendanin straw powder, garlic stalk powder, agricultural residues powder, microbial bacterial agent be in proportion
Mixing adjusts moisture control 45~65%, and temperature proceeds by turning when being more than 60 DEG C, every turning in 2~3 days is primary, fermentation
15~25 days, temperature no longer heated up, and fermentation of biomass in color uniform loose state and when having fermented flavour, i.e. complete by fermentation.
Further, the preparation method of the fermentation of biomass, which is characterized in that the peanut shell powder, Pepper stalk
The length that powder, toosendanin straw powder, garlic stalk powder crush is 0.1~2.0cm.
The fermentation of biomass, which is characterized in that the agricultural crop straw is selected from maize straw, rice straw, Wheat Straw
One or more of stalk, soybean stalk, broomcorn straw, rape stalk.
The animal wastes are selected from one or more of cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure.
The microbial bacterial agent is purchased from the Wuhan bio tech ltd Feng Tian, and microbial inoculum is mainly fiber degradation aspergillus, ferment
Female bacterium, thermophilic coccus, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria etc., total viable count >=2 × 1010cfu/g。
Further, the preparation method of the tomato soilless culture substrate, which is characterized in that press formula ratio, fermentation is given birth to
Substance, carbonization rice husk, wormcast, fishbone dust, bentonite, bechilite powder, oyster shell whiting proportioning are uniformly mixed.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, tomato soilless culture substrate permeability provided by the present invention is good, and physicochemical property is excellent, tomato can be promoted to plant
Strain growth, enhances intensity of photosynthesis, increases Tomato Quality, improves yield.
2, a kind of tomato soilless culture substrate of present invention offer and preparation method thereof, utilizes solid waste biofermentation skill
Art is by sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed dregs, animal wastes, peanut shell, toosendanin stalk, Pepper stalk, toosendanin stalk, garlic stalk, agriculture
Microbial bacterial agent is added after crop material mixing to ferment so that material is brought rapidly up, and is killed pathogenic microorganism therein, is posted
Infested ovum and weed seed etc., and it is small that organic materials is degraded to the amino acid that can be absorbed and used by plants, small-molecule peptide etc.
Molecular compound.
3, contain abundant active organic calcium and phosphorus and trace element in fishbone dust, be easy to be absorbed by crops, bechilite powder
Containing a large amount of boron and calcium, oyster shell whiting contains a large amount of calcium carbonate, chitin and a small amount of amino acid and polysaccharide material, is provided entirely for tomato
While flour nutrition, moreover it is possible to it is desinsection, antiviral, fertilizer efficiency is improved, bentonitic addition also can make fertilizer efficiency lasting.
4, tomato soilless culture substrate provided by the present invention is found surprisingly that addition melia toosendan during selecting stalk
Set stalk, garlic stalk, Pepper stalk, can disease-resistant expelling parasite, reduce the use of pesticide, reduce environmental pollution.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be appreciated that following real
Providing merely to play the purpose of explanation for example is applied, is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.The skill of this field
Art personnel can carry out various modifications and replace to the present invention without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and spirit.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustrating a kind of tomato soilless culture substrate.
(1) preparation of raw material：
After Celastrus angulatus, peanut shell, Pepper stalk, toosendanin stalk, garlic stalk natural air drying water content are less than 15%,
It is 1.0cm or so to be crushed to length；
(2) preparation of fermentation of biomass：
By the raw material of above-mentioned preparation by sugarcane bagasse 300kg, rapeseed dregs 150kg, animal wastes 150kg, peanut shell powder
100kg, Pepper stalk powder 80kg, toosendanin straw powder 70kg, garlic stalk powder 80kg, agricultural residues powder 12kg, microorganism
Microbial inoculum 30kg is uniformly mixed, and adjusts moisture control 50% or so, and temperature proceeds by turning when being more than 60 DEG C, every 2~3 days
Turning is primary, ferments 20 days, and temperature no longer heats up, and fermentation of biomass is in color uniform loose state and when having fermented flavour, i.e.,
Fermentation is completed.
(3) preparation of tomato soilless culture substrate：
The matrix is according to 45 parts of fermentation of biomass, 12 parts of carbonization rice husk, 8 parts of wormcast, 10 parts of fishbone dust, bentonite 10
Part, the parts by weight of 7 parts of bechilite powder, 10 parts of oyster shell whiting are uniformly mixed, that is, are configured to tomato soilless culture substrate of the present invention.
Wherein, agricultural crop straw is selected from maize straw, rice straw, wheat stalk, soybean stalk, broomcorn straw, rape
One or more of stalk.Animal wastes are selected from one or more of cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure.The microbial bacteria
Agent be purchased from the Wuhan bio tech ltd Feng Tian, microbial inoculum be mainly fiber degradation aspergillus, saccharomycete, thermophilic coccus, lactic acid bacteria,
Bacillus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria etc., total viable count >=2 × 1010cfu/g。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference lies in：
Tomato soilless culture substrate raw material：55 parts of fermentation of biomass, 15 parts of carbonization rice husk, 10 parts of wormcast, fishbone dust 5
Part, 5 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of bechilite powder, 5 parts of oyster shell whiting.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference lies in：
Tomato soilless culture substrate raw material：30 parts of fermentation of biomass, 10 parts of carbonization rice husk, 5 parts of wormcast, fishbone dust 15
Part, 15 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of bechilite powder, 15 parts of oyster shell whiting.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example and embodiment 1 difference lies in：
It is added without fermentation of biomass.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example and embodiment 1 difference lies in：
Fermentation of biomass replaces with the sugarcane bagasse handled without microbial bacterial agent, rapeseed dregs, animal wastes fermentate.
Experimental example 1
It makes a service test to Examples 1 to 3 and the tomato soilless culture substrate described in comparative example 1~2.
With turf: perlite=2: the matrix of 1 (volume ratio) as a contrast, testing example 1~3 and 1~2 institute of comparative example
Obtain influence of the matrix to Development of Tomato.Experiment takes cultivation bed to be planted, and is 6L per slot substrates quantity, per 1 plant of slot,
6 slots of each processing.Measure tomato leaf Determination of Chlorophyll content, plant height and stem thickness within 30 days after tomato is colonized.When fruit reddens
Start to harvest, and count each harvesting yield, while the fruit of each kind same area being taken to carry out dry-matter accumulation, solubility
The assay of total reducing sugar, soluble protein and Vc.As a result as shown in table 1, table 2, table 3.
Influence to the tomato soilless culture substrate of Examples 1 to 3 to Development of Tomato and incidence is shown in Table 1, and right
It is compared according to group, the plant height, stem thickness of Examples 1 to 3 tomato and chlorophyll content are excellent in tomato soilless culture substrate of the invention
In control group and comparative example 1~2.Wherein, highest is embodiment 1, and plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll content are respectively
73.81cm、9.53mm、63.45.Test result shows that tomato soilless culture substrate of the invention can promote the life of tomato plant
It is long, enhance intensity of photosynthesis.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to Development of Tomato
Influence to the tomato soilless culture substrate of Examples 1 to 3 to Tomato Quality and yield is shown in Table 2, with control group phase
Than soluble sugar content, Vitamin C content and the single plant production of Examples 1 to 3 tomato in tomato soilless culture substrate of the invention
Amount is above control group and comparative example 1~2, wherein highest is embodiment 1, total acid content less than control group and comparative example 1~
2, it is minimum for embodiment 1.Test result shows that tomato soilless culture substrate of the invention is conducive to tomato soluble sugar and dimension
The accumulation of raw element C content, reduces the accumulation of total acid, improves the quality of tomato, increase the yield of tomato.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to Tomato Quality and yield
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tomato soilless culture substrate, the matrix include the raw material of following parts by weight：
30 ~ 60 parts of fermentation of biomass, 5 ~ 20 parts of carbonization rice husk, 5 ~ 10 parts of wormcast, 5 ~ 15 parts of fishbone dust, 5 ~ 15 parts of bentonite,
5 ~ 10 parts of bechilite powder, 5 ~ 15 parts of oyster shell whiting.
2. tomato soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix includes the original of following parts by weight
Material：40 ~ 50 parts of fermentation of biomass, 10 ~ 15 parts of carbonization rice husk, 7 ~ 9 parts of wormcast, 8 ~ 12 parts of fishbone dust, 8 ~ 12 parts of bentonite, boron
6 ~ 8 parts of calcium mountain flour, 8 ~ 12 parts of oyster shell whiting.
3. according to the tomato soilless culture substrate described in claim 1 ~ 2, which is characterized in that the fermentation of biomass includes as follows
The raw material of parts by weight：
5 ~ 10 parts of Pepper stalk powder, 5 ~ 10 parts of toosendanin straw powder, 5 ~ 10 parts of garlic stalk powder, 1 ~ 5 part of microbial bacterial agent.
4. according to the tomato soilless culture substrate described in claim 1 ~ 2, which is characterized in that the fermentation of biomass further include as
The raw material of lower parts by weight：20 ~ 40 parts of sugarcane bagasse, 10 ~ 20 parts of rapeseed dregs, 10 ~ 20 parts of animal wastes, 5 ~ 15 parts of peanut shell powder, agriculture
10 ~ 15 parts of crop material powder.
5. the preparation method of fermentation of biomass according to claim 4, which is characterized in that by sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed dregs, animal
Excrement, peanut shell powder, Pepper stalk powder, toosendanin straw powder, garlic stalk powder, agricultural residues powder, microbial bacterial agent press than
Example mixing adjusts moisture control 45 ~ 65%, and temperature proceeds by turning when being more than 60 DEG C, every turning in 2 ~ 3 days is primary, fermentation 15
~ 25 days, temperature no longer heated up, and fermentation of biomass in color uniform loose state and when having fermented flavour, i.e. complete by fermentation.
6. according to the preparation method of the fermentation of biomass described in claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that the peanut shell powder, capsicum
The length that straw powder, toosendanin straw powder, garlic stalk powder crush is 0.1 ~ 2.0cm.
7. the preparation method of fermentation of biomass according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the agricultural crop straw is selected from water
One or more of rice straw, maize straw, soybean stalk, rape stalk.
8. the preparation method of fermentation of biomass according to claim 5, which is characterized in that animal wastes are selected from cow dung, pig
One or more of excrement, sheep manure.
9. according to the preparation method of the fermentation of biomass described in claim 4 ~ 5, which is characterized in that the microbial bacterial agent is purchased from
The Wuhan bio tech ltd Feng Tian, microbial inoculum are mainly fiber degradation aspergillus, saccharomycete, thermophilic coccus, lactic acid bacteria, gemma bar
Bacterium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria etc., total viable count >=2 × 1010cfu/g。
10. according to the preparation method of the tomato soilless culture substrate described in claim 1 ~ 8, which is characterized in that formula ratio is pressed, it will
Fermentation of biomass, carbonization rice husk, wormcast, fishbone dust, bentonite, bechilite powder, oyster shell whiting proportioning are uniformly mixed.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109566333A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | A kind of dedicated seedling composite substrate of tomato |
| CN109601331A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-12 | 蚌埠市鼎荣科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of rice non-soil culture nutrient matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN111004066A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-14 | 古田县昇林农业发展有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN107258500A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-10-20 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of tomato soilless culture substrate |
| CN107721659A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-02-23 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of balanced tomato soilless culture substrate of nutrition |
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| CN104982252A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏中农肥业有限公司 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling culture substrate from agricultural wastes |
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Application publication date: 20181019 |