CN108659215B - 一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有柱[5]芳烃的聚芳醚化合物及其制备方法。本发明首先将二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物与过量的六氟苯进行反应,制得对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A,然后将A与双酚芴、二氟二苯甲酮进行缩聚,得到含有柱[5]芳烃的聚芳醚化合物。所得聚芳醚化合物具有优异的溶解性、热稳定性、氧化稳定性、机械性能等,是一种重要的工程塑料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物及其制备方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
聚芳醚是一种高性能特种工程塑料,作为一种半结晶性芳香族热塑性高分子材料,有着刚性的亚苯基和柔性的醚键,因而具有抗蠕变性好、强度高和机械性能强等优良的性能,广泛地应用于航空航天、化工、精密仪器等领域。但大部分的聚芳醚介电常数和吸水率都较高,通过引入氟元素,可以降低这两个指数,并且提高热稳定性、溶解性等(CN106750257A)。虽然聚芳醚具有优异的综合性能,但其由于价格偏高,其应用范围受到了限制。因此,研制开发耐热性、功能性更高的新品种,提高其性价比,是发展聚芳醚的重要途径。
超分子化学是一门新兴的学科,大环主体化合物是其重要基础,柱[5]芳烃被认为是新一代大环主体化合物。柱[5]芳烃具有广泛的修饰性,这使得其在超分子聚合物、功能材料、纳米通道、分子器件等领域有着潜在的应用。Ogoshi等报道了用三氟化硼乙醚催化多聚甲醛和1,4-二甲氧基苯反应,可以得到高产率二甲氧基柱[5]芳烃,如文献1(Ogoshi Tet al,Journal of Organic Chemistry,2011,76:328~331)所述。而黄飞鹤课题组将二甲氧基柱[5]芳烃选择性氧化一个重复单元变成对苯二醌,再通过Na2S2O4还原得二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物,如文献2(Han C et al,Chemical Communications,2012,48:9876~9878)所述。本发明在此基础上,引入缺电子的六氟苯与反应性羟基反应,制得一种新的对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A,并与其他商业化单体共聚,生成一种新型的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物,对高性能聚芳醚的开发和超分子化合物领域都具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明为克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物及其制备方法。该化合物具有优异的溶解性、热稳定性、氧化稳定性、机械性能等,是一种重要的工程塑料。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物,其化学结构如式Ⅰ所示。
式Ⅰ中:x = 20~400,y = 5~50,
。
所述含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物溶解于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入六氟苯反应,待反应结束后,将反应物倒入去离子水中,然后加入二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集二氯甲烷相(其中N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂的质量为二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物的质量的5~15倍,萃取所用的去离子水质量为N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂质量的2~10倍,二氯甲烷质量为去离子水质量的0.2~2倍);接着,蒸发掉二氯甲烷,用硅胶柱对所得固体进行过柱提纯,即得对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A;反应过程如下所示:
对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A其分子式简写如下所示:
;
其中,
。
(2)在N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺中,将双酚芴、二氟二苯甲酮和K2CO3按一定的摩尔比混合,并加入4~10倍体积甲苯,在氩气保护下,升温至140~150℃,由甲苯回流带出反应所生成的水,然后蒸出甲苯,反应3~6小时,降温至70~90℃后加入一定量步骤(1)中所得化合物A,反应3~10小时,然后倒入去离子水中析出沉淀,过滤收集并干燥后,得到含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物,其合成步骤用方程式表示为:
为了更好的实现本发明,所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为60-80 ℃,反应时间8-18小时。
所述步骤(1)中,按摩尔比计,二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物:六氟苯=1:2~8。
所述步骤(1)中过柱提纯时流动相为二氯甲烷与环己烷。
所述步骤(2)中,按摩尔比计,双酚芴:二氟二苯甲酮:对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A:K2CO3=1:0.8~0.9:0.1~0.2:3~6。
本发明所述的制备方法为优选方案,本领域的专业人员可以预见的合理温度、时间和其它反应条件均为本发明所要保护的范围,并不局限于上述反应条件。
本发明通过先合成对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A,后与双酚芴和二氟二苯甲酮聚合,与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)采用的原料为常见的化工原料,价格低廉,容易获得;
(2)反应副产物少,产率高,易于过柱纯化;
(3)所得化合物对水和空气不敏感,具有较强的稳定性;
(4)所得单体属大环主体化合物,用于聚合可显著提高产物的分子量;
(5)所得聚芳醚材料易溶于二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷等常见溶剂,便于加工成型;
(6)柱芳烃苯环上的甲基提供了可修饰的位点,因此本发明得到的聚芳醚可应用于光电材料、质子交换膜燃料电池等诸多领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A的核磁共振氢谱;
图2是本发明实施例中含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-10的核磁共振氢谱;
图3是本发明实施例中含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-10的核磁共振氟谱;
图4是本发明实施例中含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-10的红外光谱。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不仅仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A的制备
取10.00 g(13.83 mmol) 二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物,溶入30 mLN,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中,量取5 mL全氟苯加入反应中,升温至78℃反应12小时,加入500 mL的去离子水和200mL的二氯甲烷,萃取有机层,加入硅藻土旋干溶剂得固体用硅胶过柱提纯,以环己烷和二氯甲烷为流动相,即得对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A。产率:42%。该化合物的核磁共振氢谱的数据为:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm)δ3.56 (s, 6H), 3.68 (s, 6H), 3.69 (s,6H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1H),3.83 (d, 2H), 3.86 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s, 2H), 6.75(s, 2H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 6.83 (s, 2H), 6.84 (s, 2H)。
实施例2
基于上述对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A制备含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-10
取0.7008 g(2 mmol)双酚芴、0.3928 g(1.8 mmol)二氟二苯甲酮、0.828 g(6mmol)K2CO3和6 mL DMAc置于装有磁力搅拌器、温度计、分水器、冷凝管和Ar通路的25 mL的三口烧瓶中,待其溶解后,往三口烧瓶中加入3 mL甲苯,在氩气保护下,升温至145℃,除水2小时,除甲苯1小时,再升温至165℃,反应3小时,降温至80℃后加入0.2110 g(0.2 mmol)对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A,反应6小时后,将反应物倒入去离子水中析出沉淀,过滤收集沉淀后重新溶解在二氯甲烷里,然后倒入甲醇中析出沉淀,过滤收集沉淀,在真空烘箱80℃烘干24小时,即得到含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-10。产率:98%。经表征,FPAE-10的数均分子量为73215;FPAE-10的5 wt%热失重温度为475℃。
实施例3
基于上述对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A制备含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-20
将实施例2中二氟二苯甲酮投料量改为0.3491 g(1.6 mmol),对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A投料量改为0.4220 g(0.4 mmol),其余操作按实施例2。即得到含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物FPAE-20。经表征,FPAE-20的数均分子量为79652;FPAE-20的5wt%热失重温度为452℃。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物,其化学结构如式Ⅰ所示:
式Ⅰ中:x = 20~400,y = 5~50,
。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物溶解于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入六氟苯反应,待反应结束后,将反应物倒入去离子水中,然后加入二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集二氯甲烷相;接着,蒸发掉二氯甲烷,用硅胶柱对所得固体进行过柱提纯,即得对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A;
所述对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A的化学结构如式Ⅱ所示:
;
(2)在N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺中,将双酚芴、二氟二苯甲酮和K2CO3按一定的摩尔比混合,并加入4~10倍体积的甲苯,在氩气保护下,升温至140~150℃,由甲苯回流带出反应所生成的水,然后蒸出甲苯,反应3~6小时,降温至70~90℃后加入一定量步骤(1)中所得化合物A,反应3~10小时,然后倒入去离子水中析出沉淀,过滤收集并干燥后,得到含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的反应温度为60-80℃,反应时间8-18小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,按摩尔比计,二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物:六氟苯=1:2~8。
5.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,过柱提纯时流动相为二氯甲烷与环己烷。
6.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂的质量为二羟基柱[5]芳烃化合物的质量的5~15倍。
7.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的去离子水质量为N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂质量的2~10倍;所述二氯甲烷质量为去离子水质量的0.2~2倍。
8.根据权利要求2所述的含有柱[5]芳烃的含氟聚芳醚化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,按摩尔比计,双酚芴:二氟二苯甲酮:对位双氟苯取代的柱[5]芳烃衍生物A:K2CO3=1:0.8~0.9:0.1~0.2:3~6。
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