CN108658724B - 一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108658724B
CN108658724B CN201810648206.3A CN201810648206A CN108658724B CN 108658724 B CN108658724 B CN 108658724B CN 201810648206 A CN201810648206 A CN 201810648206A CN 108658724 B CN108658724 B CN 108658724B
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刘小卒
刘培均
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Abstract

1‑溴代炔烃和1‑碘代炔烃的制备方法,以端炔为原料,氯胺盐与碘盐或者溴盐为卤化体系,在溶剂中反应,合成一系列1‑溴代炔烃和1‑碘代炔烃类化合物。
Figure DDA0001703967000000011
式中,端炔化合物选R为链状烷烃、环状烷烃、烯烃、酯基、氰基、取代苯基和杂环芳烃;氯胺盐选氯胺B、氯胺T或邻氯胺T中一种;碘盐选碘化钠、碘化钾、碘化铵、碘化锂或四丁基碘化铵中一种;溴盐选溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化锂、溴化镁、溴化铵或四丁基溴化铵中一种;溶剂选水、苯、甲苯、1,4‑二氧六环、乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺、正戊烷、二氯甲烷、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、氯仿、正己烷、四氯化碳、正丁醇、1,2‑二氯乙烷或乙腈中一种或两种混合溶剂。它用途广泛。

Description

一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法,属于有机合成化学领域。
背景技术
含卤素的化合物广泛存在于有机合成中间体、活性天然产物、药物、农药以及材料分子中。其中1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃吸引了化学家的关注,因为它们不仅做为合成砌块应用于有机化学中,而且作为重要的合成前体在材料与高分子化学中有着广泛的用途。对于1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的合成方法,最为普遍的策略是对末端炔烃的直接C-H氧化卤代。1-碘代炔烃的合成报道有:强碱/碘单质、离子液体、金属试剂、电极氧化法、N-iodo-morphonine、KI或Me3SI/PhI(OAc)2、高价碘鎓盐和碘代丁二酰亚胺体系。对于1-溴代炔烃的合成报道包括:N-溴代丁二酰亚胺体系、强碱/溴单质,DBU/Cl3CBr,CB4/KOH/18-crown-6,PPh3/CBr4 and TsNBr2/DBU。然而这些方法存在一些缺点比如运用昂贵的金属催化剂、有毒有害的卤化试剂、苛刻的反应条件和复杂的实验操作,因此限制了这些方法的实际应用。[参见:Yan Liu,et al.J.Org.Chem.2017,82,11865-11871;Dodla S.Rao,etal.Org.Biomol.Chem.,2018,16,1508-1518.Kamal Krishna Rajbongshi,Tetrahedron2016,72,4151-4158.Chen,Suo,et al.Chin.J.Org.Chem.2018,38,1172-1176.Mengru Li,et al.RSC Adv.,2014,4,30046-30049.]。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明目的是提供一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法。该方法采用廉价的、商业易得的氯胺盐与碘盐或者溴盐做为卤化体系来实现端炔的碘代或者溴代,合成1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃。该方法具有试剂环保、操作简单、后处理简单、条件温和、原料易得、环境友好、有工业应用前景等优点。
本发明采取的技术方案是:以端炔化合物为原料,以氯胺盐与碘盐或者溴盐做为卤化体系,在溶剂中反应,合成一系列1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃,反应式如下:
Figure GDA0002278278570000021
式中,所述端炔化合物选自R为链状烷烃、环状烷烃、烯烃、酯基、氰基、取代苯基和杂环芳烃;
所述的氯胺盐选自氯胺B、氯胺T或邻氯胺T中的一种;
所述的碘盐选自碘化钠、碘化钾、碘化铵、碘化锂或四丁基碘化铵中的一种;
所述的溴盐选自溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化锂、溴化镁、溴化铵或四丁基溴化铵中的一种;
所述的溶剂选自水、苯、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、正戊烷、二氯甲烷、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、氯仿、正己烷、四氯化碳、正丁醇、1,2-二氯乙烷或乙腈中的一种或两种混合溶剂。
所述的一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)将上述端炔化合物、氯胺盐、碘盐(或溴盐)和溶剂依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,反应温度控制在室温至70℃,反应试剂控制在1-20小时,所述的端炔化合物与氯胺盐的摩尔比为1:1-1.5、所述端炔化合物与碘盐(或溴盐)的摩尔比为1:1-1.5、所述溶剂加入量为端炔化合物的30-100倍;
(b)反应结束后,水洗、乙酸乙酯萃取、减压除去有机溶剂;
(c)使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,经硅胶柱分离制得系列1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃类化合物。
本发明有益效果是:一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法,是以端炔为原料,以氯胺盐与碘盐或者溴盐做为卤化体系,在溶剂中反应,合成一系列1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃类化合物。与已有技术相比,本发明主要提供了一种通用的1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃合成方法,该方法具有该方法具有试剂环保、操作简单、后处理简单、条件温和、原料易得、环境友好、有工业应用前景等优点。由于1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃是一类重要的合成前体,在有机化学、高分子化学和材料化学领域有着广泛的用途,具有较大的使用价值和社会经济效益。
附图说明
图1为化合物1a的1H-NMR。
图2为化合物1a的13C-NMR。
图3为化合物1b的1H-NMR。
图4为化合物1b的13C-NMR。
图5为化合物1c的1H-NMR。
图6为化合物1c的13C-NMR。
图7为化合物1d的1H-NMR。
图8为化合物1d的13C-NMR。
图9为化合物1e的1H-NMR。
图10为化合物1e的13C-NMR。
图11为化合物1f的1H-NMR。
图12为化合物1f的13C-NMR。
具体实施方式
本发明所述1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法,
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:1-氯-2-(碘乙炔基)苯(1a)的合成
Figure GDA0002278278570000041
将1-氯-2-乙炔基苯(68mg,0.5mmol)、乙腈(3mL)、氯胺B(160mg,0.75mmol)和碘化钾(99mg,0.6mmol)依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,然后室温下反应,
反应2小时,反应结束后,过滤,减压除去有机溶剂;使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,硅胶柱分离,1-氯-2-(碘乙炔基)苯的收率为95%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.45(ddd,J=7.1,2.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.37(dt,J=7.8,1.1Hz,1H),7.27–7.14(m,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,cdcl3)δ136.65,134.13,129.73,129.18,126.33,123.17,90.83,12.28.HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C8H5ClI[M+H]+:262.9119,found 262.9120.
实施例2:1-(碘乙炔基)-3-甲苯(1b)的合成
Figure GDA0002278278570000051
将1-乙炔-3-甲苯(58mg,0.5mmol)、乙腈(3mL)、氯胺B(160mg,0.75mmol)和碘化钾(99mg,0.6mmol)依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,然后室温下反应,反应2小时,反应结束后,过滤,减压除去有机溶剂;使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,硅胶柱分离,1-(碘乙炔基)-3-甲苯的收率为98%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.27–7.22(m,2H),7.19(td,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),7.16–7.11(m,1H),2.31(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,cdcl3)δ137.94,132.89,129.72,129.38,128.13,123.17,94.34,21.22,5.69.HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C9H8I[M+H]+:242.9665,found 242.9662.
实施例3:3-(碘乙炔基)噻吩(1c)的合成
Figure GDA0002278278570000052
将3-乙炔基噻吩(54mg,0.5mmol)、乙腈(3mL)、氯胺B(160mg,0.75mmol)和碘化钾(99mg,0.6mmol)依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,然后室温下反应,反应2小时,反应结束后,过滤,减压除去有机溶剂;使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,硅胶柱分离,3-(碘乙炔基)噻吩的收率为95%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.46(dd,J=2.9,1.4Hz,1H),7.24(dd,J=5.2,1.4Hz,1H),7.10(dt,J=5.1,1.3Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,cdcl3)δ130.30,129.98,125.16,122.49,89.15,5.81.HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C6H4IS[M+H]+:234.9073,found234.9073.
实施例4:(4-碘-3-丁炔-1-基)苯(1d)的合成
Figure GDA0002278278570000061
将3-丁炔-1-基苯(65mg,0.5mmol)、乙腈(3mL)、氯胺B(160mg,0.75mmol)和碘化钾(99mg,0.6mmol)依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,然后室温下反应,反应2小时,反应结束后,过滤,减压除去有机溶剂;使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,硅胶柱分离,(4-碘-3-丁炔-1-基)苯的收率为93%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.33–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.18(m,3H),2.84(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.64(t,J=7.6Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,cdcl3)δ140.23,128.42,128.38,126.38,93.88,34.91,23.00,-6.04.HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C10H10I[M+H]+:256.9822,found 256.9826.

Claims (3)

1.一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:以端炔化合物为原料,以氯胺盐与碘盐或者溴盐作为卤化体系,在溶剂中反应,合成一系列1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃化合物,反应式如下:
Figure FDA0002164320800000011
式中,所述端炔化合物中R为取代苯基和杂环芳基;
所述的氯胺盐选自氯胺B;
所述的碘盐选自碘化钠、碘化钾中的一种;
所述的溴盐选自溴化钠、溴化钾中的一种;
所述的溶剂选自水、苯、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙醇、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、正戊烷、二氯甲烷、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、氯仿、正己烷、四氯化碳、正丁醇、1,2-二氯乙烷或乙腈中的一种或两种混合溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1的一种1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(a)将上述端炔化合物、氯胺盐、碘盐或溴盐和溶剂依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,反应温度控制在室温至70℃,反应时间控制在1-20小时,所述的端炔化合物与氯胺盐的摩尔比为1:1-1.5、所述端炔化合物与碘盐或溴盐的摩尔比为1:1-1.5、所述溶剂加入量为端炔化合物的30-100倍;
(b)反应结束后,水洗、乙酸乙酯萃取、减压除去有机溶剂;
(c)使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,经硅胶柱分离制得系列1-溴代炔烃和1-碘代炔烃类化合物。
3.一种(4-碘-3-丁炔-1-基)苯的合成方法,其特征在于:将0.5mmol3-丁炔-1-基苯、3ml乙腈、0.75mmol氯胺B和0.6mmol碘化钾依次加入到25mL的Schlenk瓶中,然后室温下反应,反应2小时,反应结束后,过滤,减压除去有机溶剂;使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,硅胶柱分离,得到(4-碘-3-丁炔-1-基)苯。
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