CN106831283B - 一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical group [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 cyano, hydroxyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002083 iodinating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZBIKORITPGTTGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [acetyloxy(phenyl)-$l^{3}-iodanyl] acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OI(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBIKORITPGTTGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GXGJIOMUZAGVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chamazulene Chemical group CCC1=CC=C(C)C2=CC=C(C)C2=C1 GXGJIOMUZAGVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012336 iodinating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002355 alkine group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- XEFCWBLINXJUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iodobenzene Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.IC1=CC=CC=C1 XEFCWBLINXJUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- LQJQEPJLCCCAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N IC(C(=O)O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CC(=O)O Chemical compound IC(C(=O)O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CC(=O)O LQJQEPJLCCCAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical group [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTKBMZQCDBHHKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 XTKBMZQCDBHHKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004918 2-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004922 2-methyl-3-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C)C(CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- MJHLPKWONJUCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethynylthiophene Chemical compound C#CC=1C=CSC=1 MJHLPKWONJUCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- 125000004919 3-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)CC 0.000 description 1
- 125000004921 3-methyl-3-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC)(CC)* 0.000 description 1
- KSZVOXHGCKKOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethynyltoluene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 KSZVOXHGCKKOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OTJZCIYGRUNXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC#C OTJZCIYGRUNXTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical group CC(C)[Si](C#C)(C(C)C)C(C)C KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPCKMWGCLHYFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-ethynylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 KPCKMWGCLHYFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B39/00—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
- C07C17/14—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the side-chain of aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/62—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/287—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/307—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/12—Radicals substituted by halogen atoms or nitro or nitroso radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/083—Syntheses without formation of a Si-C bond
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Abstract
本申请属于合成化学技术领域,具体涉及一种高选择性合成1‑碘代炔的方法。本发明所提供的方法具有反应条件温和、反应产物可控、产物单一易于纯化、化学选择性高、合成步骤简单、安全可靠和绿色环保的优点,同时适合多种末端炔烃类反应底物,合成产率高达99%,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成化学技术领域,具体涉及一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法。
背景技术
碘代炔烃类化合物是一类重要的有机合成中间体,可用于构建精细化学品、药物分子和功能材料的重要分子骨架或作为反应前体,同时该类化合物普遍具有良好的生物活性,也具有重要的生物活性,在药物化学、应用化学和合成化学领域有着广泛的应用,其合成与应用极具研究价值。其中,炔烃的氧化碘化反应是合成碘代炔烃化合物的重要方法。
用于合成碘代炔烃类化合物的传统方法主要为金属催化、碱催化和相转移催化,常常需要采用超声波、Grignard试剂和锂试剂进行合成反应,存在反应条件苛刻,选择性低,反应不可控,需要使用金属催化剂、污染环境等多种问题。因此,寻找一种高选择性、副反应少、产物单一易于纯化、合成步骤简单、反应产物可控的用于合成1-碘代炔的方法,是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法,具有简便高效、反应产物可控、产率高的优点,为有机合成、药物研发、功能材料制备等提供了研究基础。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
本发明提供了一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法,在高价碘试剂的氧化催化作用下,末端炔烃和碘化试剂在反应溶剂中进行反应,得到所述1-碘代炔。
优选的,所述高价碘试剂为二乙酸碘苯。
优选的,所述碘化试剂选自含碘负离子的季铵盐或无机碘盐。
更优选的,所述含碘负离子的季铵盐选自四丁基碘化铵或碘化铵。
更优选的,所述无机碘盐选自碘化钾或碘化钠。
优选的,所述碘化物和末端炔烃的反应摩尔比为(0.8~6):1。
优选的,所述高价碘试剂和末端炔烃的反应摩尔比为(1~4):1。
优选的,所述反应为在室温下反应0.5~48h。
优选的,所述反应溶剂选自乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚或乙酸乙酯。
优选的,所述1-碘代炔的化学结构如通式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R选自芳基、取代芳基、杂芳基、取代杂芳基、烷基、取代烷基或硅烷基。
优选的,所述取代芳基、取代杂芳基和取代烷基各自独立为被卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、羟基、酯基、羰基和酰胺基中的一个或多个基团取代的取代芳基、取代杂芳基或取代烷;
所述杂芳基为含氮、氧或硫的芳环或其衍生物。
更优选的,所述1-碘代炔为:
综上所述,本发明提供了一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法,通过将末端炔烃和碘化试剂在反应溶剂中混合,然后在高价碘试剂的氧化催化作用下进行反应得到1-碘代炔。本发明采用二乙酸碘苯作为催化剂避免了金属催化而可能产生的金属残留和毒性,绿色环保;采用四丁基碘化铵作为碘化试剂,为合成反应提供碘源,简便高效,反应产物可控,易于分离纯化,适合工业化生产。因此,本发明所提供的合成方法具有反应条件温和、反应产物可控、产物单一易于纯化、化学选择性高、合成步骤简单、安全可靠和绿色环保的优点,同时适合多种末端炔烃类反应底物,合成产率高达99%,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为了克服现有技术中存在的反应条件苛刻,选择性低,反应不可控,需要使用金属催化剂、污染环境等多种问题,本发明提供了一种高选择性合成1-碘代炔的方法。
本发明所使用的术语“任选取代的”与“取代或非取代的”这个术语可以交换使用。一般而言,术语“任选地”不论是否位于术语“取代的”之前,表示所给结构中的一个或多个氢原子被具体取代基所取代。除非其他方面表明,一个任选的取代基团可以有一个取代基在基团各个可取代的位置进行取代。当所给出的结构式中不只一个位置能被选自具体基团的一个或多个取代基所取代,那么取代基可以相同或不同地在各个位置取代。其中所述的取代基可以是,但并不限于,羟基,氨基,卤素,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,烷氧基,烷基,烯基,炔基,杂环基,巯基,硝基,芳氧基等等。
本发明使用的术语“烷基”或“烷基基团”,表示含1-20个碳原子的饱和直链、环状或支链一价碳氢化合物原子团。其中所述烷基基团可以独立任选地被一个或多个取代基所取代。除非另外详细说明,烷基基团含有1-20个碳原子,其中一些实施例是,烷基基团含有1-10个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,烷基基团含有1-8个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,烷基基团含有1-6个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,烷基基团含有1-4个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,烷基基团含有1-3个碳原子。
烷基基团的实例包含,但并不限于,甲基(Me,-CH3),乙基(Et,-CH2CH3),正丙基(n-Pr,-CH2CH2CH3),异丙基(i-Pr,-CH(CH3)2),正丁基(n-Bu,-CH2CH2CH2CH3),异丁基(i-Bu,-CH2CH(CH3)2),仲丁基(s-Bu,-CH(CH3)CH2CH3),叔丁基(t-Bu,-C(CH3)3),正戊基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3),2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3),3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2),2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3),3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2),3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2),2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3),正己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3),2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3),3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)),2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3),3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3),4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2),3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2),2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2),2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2),3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3),正庚基,正辛基,等等。
本发明使用的术语“芳基”,表示含1-20个碳原子的不饱和共轭碳氢化合物原子团。其中所述芳基可以独立任选地被一个或多个取代基所取代。除非另外详细说明,芳基含有1-20个碳原子,其中一些实施例是,芳基含有1-14个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,芳基含有1-10个碳原子,另外一些实施例是,芳基基团含有1-6个碳原子。芳基的实例包含,但并不限于,苯基,取代苯基,萘基,取代萘基,蒽基,取代蒽基,等等。
本发明使用的术语“杂芳基”,表示包含氮、氧和硫中的一个原子或多个原子组合成的含5-12个原子的芳环,或者为饱和环与杂芳环的衍生环状取代基。其中,所述杂芳基可以独立任选地被一个或多个取代基所取代。优选的,所述杂芳基为吡啶基或噻吩基。
下面将结合本发明具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本领域技术人员应当理解,对本发明的具体实施例进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行同等替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,均应涵盖在本发明保护的范围中。
除非特别说明,本发明方法所采用的试剂、方法和设备均为本领域技术人员所采用的常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
将38μL(0.3mmol)对甲基苯乙炔和133mg(0.36mmol)四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将96.6mg(0.3mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物1。将粗产物1进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到71.9mg黄色液体产物1,产率为99%,其核磁数据如下:
(1H NMR,400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.32(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.10(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.34(s,3H);
(13C NMR,100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=139.1,132.3,129.0,120.4,94.3,21.6。
实施例2
将33μL(0.3mmol)苯乙炔和133mg(0.36mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将96.6mg(0.3mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物2。将粗产物2进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到62.6mg黄色液体产物2,产率为92%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.41-7.43(m,2H),7.29-7.31(m,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=132.4,128.8,128.3,123.4,94.2,6.2。
实施例3
将34.4μL(0.3mmol)4-氟苯乙炔和133mg(0.36mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将193.3mg(0.6mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应2h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物3。将粗产物3进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到67.8mg黄色液体产物3,产率为92%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.42-7.40(m,2H),7.01(t,J=8.8Hz,2H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=162.7(d,J=249Hz),134.3(d,J=8.4Hz),119.5(d,J=3.5Hz),115.7(d,J=22.1Hz),93.0,5.9。
实施例4
将32.6μL(0.2mmol)4-三氟甲基苯乙炔和88.6mg(0.24mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将64.4mg(0.2mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物4。将粗产物4进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到55.5mg白色固体产物4,产率为94%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.52-7.58(m,4H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=132.6,130.5(q,J=32.6Hz),127.1,125.2(q,J=3.8Hz),123.8(q,J=270.6Hz),92.9,10.2。
实施例5
将29.6μL(0.3mmol)3-乙炔基噻吩和133mg(0.36mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将96.6mg(0.3mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物5。将粗产物5进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到63.8mg白色固体产物5,产率为91%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.46-7.47(m,1H),7.24-7.26(m,1H),7.10-7.11(m,1H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=130.4,130.0,125.2,122.5,89.2,5.9。
实施例6
将44.9μL(0.2mmol)三异丙基硅基乙炔和88.6mg(0.24mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将64.4mg(0.2mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物6。将粗产物6进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到56.8mg浅色液体产物6,产率为92%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=1.1(s,21H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=100.8,18.5,11.4。
实施例7
将44.9μL(0.5mmol)3-丁炔-1-醇和221.6mg(0.6mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将161.1mg(0.5mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物7。将粗产物7进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷/乙酸乙酯,4:1)分离纯化,得到77.1mg浅黄色液体产物7,产率为79%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=3.73(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.63(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.38(br.s,1H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=91.3,61.0,25.0,4.3。
实施例8
将32mg(0.2mmol)4-乙炔基苯甲酸甲酯和88.6mg(0.24mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将64.4mg(0.2mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物8。将粗产物8进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷100%)分离纯化,得到54mg白色固体产物8,产率为94%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.98(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.91(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=166.4,132.2,130.0,129.4,127.9,93.4,52.3,10.6。
实施例9
将32mg(0.2mmol)N-乙酰基-3-乙炔基苯胺和88.6mg(0.24mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将64.4mg(0.2mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物9。将粗产物9进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷/乙酸乙酯,2:1)分离纯化,得到57.2mg浅色固体产物9,产率为100%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=7.73,(s,1H),7.58,(s,1H),7.48(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.24(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.16(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=168.8,137.9,128.9,128.2,124.0,123.6,120.5,93.7,24.5,7.0。
实施例10
将39.3μL(0.4mmol)乙酸丙炔酯和177.3mg(0.48mmol)四丁基碘化铵溶解于3mL乙腈中,然后将128.8mg(0.4mmol)碘苯二乙酸在30min内分批加入到反应体系中,在室温条件下反应24h,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后减压浓缩得到粗产物10。将粗产物10进行硅胶柱层析(正己烷/乙酸乙酯,20:1)分离纯化,得到71.3mg浅黄色固体产物10,产率为80%,其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=4.81(s,2H),2.1(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=170.0,88.0,53.4,20.7,4.3。
Claims (8)
1.一种合成1-碘代炔的方法,其特征在于,在高价碘试剂的氧化催化作用下,末端炔烃和碘化试剂在反应溶剂中进行反应,得到所述1-碘代炔;
所述高价碘试剂为二乙酸碘苯,所述碘化试剂为四丁基碘化铵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述碘化试剂和末端炔烃的反应摩尔比为(0.8~6):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高价碘试剂和末端炔烃的反应摩尔比为(1~4):1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应为在室温下反应0.5~48h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应溶剂选自乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚或乙酸乙酯。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述取代芳基、取代杂芳基和取代烷基各自独立为被卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、羟基、酯基、羰基和酰胺基中的一个或多个基团取代的取代芳基、取代杂芳基或取代烷;
所述杂芳基为含氮、氧或硫的芳环或其衍生物。
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