CN108658716A - 一种光诱导一锅法合成烯烃类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种光诱导一锅法合成烯烃类化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108658716A CN108658716A CN201710201407.4A CN201710201407A CN108658716A CN 108658716 A CN108658716 A CN 108658716A CN 201710201407 A CN201710201407 A CN 201710201407A CN 108658716 A CN108658716 A CN 108658716A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkenyl
- alkyl
- molar ratio
- formula
- halogenated
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- -1 alkenes compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical class CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 83
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- SZBDPFSGPFVGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)BrBr Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)BrBr SZBDPFSGPFVGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical group [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 36
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 24
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 20
- SRCZQMGIVIYBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCC.CCOC(C)=O SRCZQMGIVIYBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bromide Substances BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WGGLDBIZIQMEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical class BrC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WGGLDBIZIQMEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000006281 4-bromobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1Br)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- INDFRFZGABIRRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde;hydrate Chemical class O.FC(F)(F)C=O INDFRFZGABIRRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007239 Wittig reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- RZJGKPNCYQZFGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(CBr)=CC=CC2=C1 RZJGKPNCYQZFGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZYDYTOCFKPEITM-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1=C(NC=2C(=C1)C=CC=CC2)C Chemical class BrC1=C(NC=2C(=C1)C=CC=CC2)C ZYDYTOCFKPEITM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000425573 Talanes Species 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZYMCBJWUWHHVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYMCBJWUWHHVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UMLFTCYAQPPZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile Chemical class BrCC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 UMLFTCYAQPPZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HDWLUGYOLUHEMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinobuton Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1OC(=O)OC(C)C HDWLUGYOLUHEMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VGQWCQNHAMVTJY-RKUAQPHYSA-N (5z,11z)-dibenzo[2,1-a:2',1'-f][8]annulene Chemical group C/1=C/C2=CC=CC=C2\C=C/C2=CC=CC=C2\1 VGQWCQNHAMVTJY-RKUAQPHYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTHIGJGJAPYFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzene Chemical class COC1=CC(CBr)=CC(OC)=C1 BTHIGJGJAPYFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical class BrC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLRBJYMANQKEAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical class BrCC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 YLRBJYMANQKEAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYDWZJCCIAMZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene Chemical class COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=C)=C1 YYDWZJCCIAMZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTSHOJDBRTPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=O JVTSHOJDBRTPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- HKADMMFLLPJEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HKADMMFLLPJEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPZYLEIWHTWHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylpyridine Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CN=C1 DPZYLEIWHTWHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNTUCKQYWGHZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzonitrile Chemical group C=CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 SNTUCKQYWGHZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUVGJDPHNLAYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 PUVGJDPHNLAYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical group [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N Ethyl cinnamate Chemical group CCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000004799 bromophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGKAYWMGPDWLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical class BrCC1=CC=CC=C1CBr KGKAYWMGPDWLQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIYGTLDPTJMNET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethoxy-5-(2-phenylethenyl)benzene Chemical group COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BIYGTLDPTJMNET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZSYGJNFCREHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical class BrCC1=CC=CC=C1Br LZSYGJNFCREHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPCJPJQUVRIILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)benzene Chemical class BrCC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 ZPCJPJQUVRIILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006055 1-methyl-4-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VGJWVEYTYIBXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC(O)C(F)(F)F VGJWVEYTYIBXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-formylpyridine Chemical class O=CC1=CC=CC=N1 CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CHCl3 Substances ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005579 Julia olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005684 Liebig rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005865 alkene metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003935 benzaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005524 benzylchlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229940068911 chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBPFRRFGLYGEJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl glyoxylate Chemical class CCOC(=O)C=O DBPFRRFGLYGEJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical class O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VOAPTKOANCCNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl VOAPTKOANCCNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940054441 o-phthalaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical class COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJOZRPLVYQSYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentakis-phenyl-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YJOZRPLVYQSYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光诱导一锅法合成烯烃类化合物的方法。所述方法包括如下步骤:在惰性气氛中,以碱金属碳酸盐作为碱,以有机膦化合物作为辅剂,以光敏剂作为催化剂,在光照的条件下卤代烃和醛类化合物进行反应得到所述烯烃类化合物。本发明合成方法从卤代烃和醛类化合物出发,以乙腈、DMF(N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺)或DMA(N,N‑二甲基乙酰胺)作为溶剂,有机膦试剂作为反应辅剂,碱金属碳酸盐作为碱,使用光敏剂催化在光照条件下,在惰性气氛中,常温反应条件下,以高产率生成烯烃化合物。与常规的烯烃类合成方法相比,本发明的方法具有反应原料易得、对卤代烃及醛上的多种官能团具有高的容忍性、产率高、产物分离纯化简单方便等明显优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光诱导一锅法合成烯烃类化合物的方法。
背景技术
碳碳双键(C=C)的合成一直是有机化学中一个非常重要的反应,除了直接消除反应之外,有四种反应途径可以制备得到含有碳碳双键的烯烃:Wittig反应(Wittig,G.&Geissler,G.Course of reactions of pentaphenylphosphorus and certainderivatives.Liebigs Ann.Chem.580,44-57(1953).)、Peterson反应(Peterson,D.J.Acarbonyl olefination reaction using silyl-subsituted organometalliccompounds.J.Org.Chem.33,780-784(1968).)、Julia-Lythgoe烯烃合成反应(Julia,M.&Paris,J.-M.Syntheses using sulfones.5.method for general synthesis ofdoubles.Tetrahedron Lett.14,4833-4836(1973))和烯烃复分解反应(Nicolaou,K.C.,Bulger,P.G.&Sarlah,D.Metathesis reactions in total synthesis.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.44,4490-4527(2005).)。在这些方法中,Wittig反应作为一类最常见的方法,自从1953年由George Wittig报道醛、酮与磷叶立德试剂作用制备烯烃以来,一直广泛应用于有机合成中。传统的Wittig反应一般都需要两步:第一步制备Wittig试剂,第二步发生Wittig偶联。在制备Wittig试剂的时候,经常需要使用到如NaHMDS、nBuLi、NaOH、NaOtBu等强碱。而在发生Wittig偶联的步骤时,经常需要加热以促进反应进行。这些反应条件都大大限制了Wittig反应的官能团容忍性,极大妨碍了功能分子的合成。同时Wittig反应无法适用于甲醛,醛的水溶液等参与的反应,这就大大限制了一些含有特殊官能团的醛如三氟乙醛等通过Wittig反应制备含有特定官能团烯烃的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成烯烃类化合物的方法,本发明方法在常压、常温,光照条件下,碱金属碳酸盐为碱,以有机膦化合物作为反应辅剂,卤代烃与醛在光催化剂存在下发生反应,得到烯烃类化合物。
本发明涉及生成物烯烃类化合物是现代化学工业最基本的有机原料,下游的产品被广泛用于药物合成、化工、聚合物合成等各个领域。
在本发明中,“卤代烃”具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义,即含有烷基直接相连的卤代物,如式II所示,其中,R1可以是选自C1~C20烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR’、-C(=O)OR’、-NHC(=O)R’、-OR’、-C(=O)R’或HOR”-的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或者被取代,其中R’为H、C1~C6烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或苄基,R”为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基、C2~C6亚炔基;
卤素X可以是F、Cl、Br或I;
在本发明中,所使用的“醛类化合物”具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义,即含有-CHO基团的化合物,如式III所示,其中,R2可以是选自C1~C20烷基、C1~C20卤代烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20卤代烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、C6~C20卤代芳基、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR’、-C(=O)OR’、-NHC(=O)R’、-OR’、-C(=O)R’或HOR”-的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或者被取代,其中R’为H、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6卤代烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6卤代烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基、苄基或卤代苄基,R”为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基或C2~C6亚炔基;
R2-CHO
式III。
在本发明中,所生成的产物“烯烃类化合物”具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义,即含有“C=C”的化合物,如式I所示,其中,R1和R2的定义分别同式II和式III中,其中,C1~C20烷基优选为C1~C10烷基或C1~C10卤代烷基,更优选C1~C6烷基或C1~C6卤代烷基,C2~C20烯基优选为C2~C10烯基或C2~C10卤代烯基,更优选C2~C6烯基或C2~C6卤代烯基,C2~C20炔基优选为C2~C10炔基,更优选C2~C6炔基,C6~C20芳基优选为C6~C10芳基或C6~C10卤代芳基;
本发明具体实施方式合成了如下具体的烯烃化合物:
本发明提供的合成方法是一种通用方法,适合于合成烯烃类化合物,对卤代烃和醛的选择有很高的容忍性,因此事实上对烯烃类化合物中的取代基的个数和种类并无特别限制。相应地,对反应原料卤代烃和醛上的取代基的个数和种类也并无特别限制。
本发明合成方法通常在惰性气氛下进行,研究发现空气或者氧气环境不利于反应的进行。
本发明的合成方法可用如下反应方程式来表示:
本领域技术人员理解:上面提到的取代基R1、R2的定义是广义的,其本身可以是未被取代的或者是被选自诸如C1~C10烷基(优选C1~C6烷基)、C2~C10烯基(优选C2~C6烯基)、C2~C10炔基(优选C2~C6炔基)、C6~C10芳基、卤原子、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR’、-C(=O)OR’、-NHC(=O)R’、-OR’或-C(=O)R’的至少一个取代基取代(R’的定义同上)。本说明书在有机基团前用碳原子数加以限定时表示:该基团的碳原子数可以是在其上限、下限范围内的任意整数。例如“C1~C20”表示碳原子数可以为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20;“C2~C20”表示碳原子数可以为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20;“C6~C20”表示碳原子数可以为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20。其它C1~C10、C1~C6、C2~C6等具有类似的含义。
上面提到的取代基R1的个数可以为1,2,3个,优选为1、2个,更优选为1个,R2的个数为1,2,3个。
显然,上面列举的取代基R并非是限制性的,本发明也涵盖了其它未明确示出的取代基R的情况。
本发明在以乙腈、DMF或DMA为溶剂的体系中进行,不需要加入加热或者分步进行,为一个常温常压光催化体系。
优选地,所述碱金属碳酸盐M2CO3中的M表示选自Li、Na、K、Rb或Cs的碱金属,优选Li、Na或K。
本发明合成所述有机膦化合物的结构式如式Ⅳ所示:
式Ⅳ中,R3、R4和R5表示连接在磷上的取代基,独立地选自C1~C20烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、-OR’的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R’为C1~C6烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或苄基。
所述光敏剂可为金属配合物或有机染料光敏剂,优选使用金属钌或者金属铱的配合物,如Ru(bpy)3Cl2或[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6。
本发明合成方法中,所述有机膦化合物与所述卤代烃类化合物的摩尔比可为1.0~5.0:1,具体可为1.0~3.0:1、1.0~2.0:1、1.0~1.5:1、1.0:1、1.5:1、2.0:1或3.0:1;
所述碱金属碳酸盐与所述卤代烃类化合物的摩尔比可为1.0~5.0:1,具体可为1.5~3.0:1、1.5~2.0:1、1.5:1、2.0:1或3.0:1;
所述光敏剂与所述卤代烃类化合物的摩尔比可为0.001~0.005:1,具体可为0.005:1。
本发明合成方法的反应温度可以由技术人员按照实际需要自行确定,但一般为室温至35℃之间,优选为室温之间,所述“室温”指的是0~25℃。
本发明合成方法可在可见光下进行,本发明对光照强度没有要求。
本发明的方法的压强并不关键,通常在常压下即可。
本发明的方法的反应时间可以根据反应物性质由技术人员按照需要自行确定,通常为数小时,例如约1~10小时。
显然,本发明的方法还可以包括必要的前处理、后处理等额外步骤。
各种物料的添加顺序以及具体反应步骤可以由本领域技术人员按照实际需要进行调整。例如,在实验室中小规模进行反应时,可以按如下步骤进行:
(1)在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入M2CO3(例如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸铯等)、光敏剂,溶剂为乙腈(DMF或DMA)、式(II)的卤代烃,式(III)的醛类,有机膦化合物,在惰性气氛下光照适当的时间,如(1~10h);
(2)反应完成以后,将反应体系使用石油醚-乙酸乙酯溶剂进行洗脱得到最后的烯烃类产物。
本发明合成方法不仅适用于实验室小规模制备,也适合于化工厂的工业化大规模生产。在工业化大规模生产时的具体反应参数可以由本领域技术人员通过常规实验来确定。
本发明合成方法从卤代烃和醛类化合物出发,以乙腈、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)或DMA(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)作为溶剂,有机膦试剂作为反应辅剂,碱金属碳酸盐作为碱,使用光敏剂催化在光照条件下,在惰性气氛中,常温反应条件下,以高产率生成烯烃化合物。与常规的烯烃类合成方法相比,本发明的方法具有反应原料易得、对卤代烃及醛上的的多种官能团具有高的容忍性、产率高、产物分离纯化简单方便等明显优势。另外发现:本发明可以直接将三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛或水合甲醛或三氟乙醛水合物或三氟乙半缩醛与卤代烃反应得到端位烯烃或含三氟甲基的烯烃,同时不需要预先制备季鏻盐,一步法就可以得到产物烯烃。本发明的方法能广泛应用于工业界和学术界的药物、聚合物、天然产物等领域的合成中。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
还应注意到前面提到的本发明方法的各个优选的技术特征以及下面具体描述的实施例中的各个具体技术特征可以组合在一起,所有这些技术特征的各种组合、由本发明具体公开的数值作为上下限的所有数值范围等等都落在本发明的范围内。
以下具体实施例中所用的原料,K2CO3和Na2CO3购自Alfa Aesar公司,光敏剂Ru(bpy)3Cl2购自安耐吉化学科技有限公司,[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6,Ir(ppy)3分别按文献(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,7377-7387,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1984,106,6647-6653,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,126,2763-2767.)以下反应方程式合成:
其它试剂,除了特别指明之外,均购自Sigma-Aldrich Inc.,各试剂必要时采用本领域公知的手段进行纯化后使用。
1H NMR和13C NMR均采用日本电子ECA600仪器进行测定。测试温度为室温,内标为TMS,溶剂为氘代氯仿时,选取参考:1H NMR:TMS为0.00ppm,CHCl3为7.26ppm;13C NMR:CDCl3为77.16ppm;溶剂为氘代DMSO时:1H NMR:TMS为0.00ppm,DMSO为2.50ppm;13C NMR:DMSO为40.0ppm。ESI-MS采用Bruker ESQYIRE-LC质谱仪进行测定,EI-MS采用JEOL JMS-Q1050GCMaster Quad GC/MS质谱仪进行测定。
实施例1:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与氯化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与氯化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与氯化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,119μL溴化苄或者115μL氯化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间分别为4h和8h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为苯乙烯(式1)70mg和62.4mg,产率分别为67%和60%。
苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.41(d,J=6.87Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=6.87Hz,2H),7.24(t,J=6.87Hz,1H),6.72(dd,J1=17.40Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=18.78Hz,1H),5.24(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.7,137.0,128.6,127.9,126.3,113.9.EI-MS:M+m/z 104.
实施例2:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,185mg4-甲基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-甲基苯乙烯(式2)90mg,产率为76%。
4-甲基苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.33(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),7.16(d,J=7.79Hz,2H),6.72(dd,J1=17.40Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.72(d,J=17.40Hz,1H),5.21(d,J=10.99Hz,1H),2.37(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.7,136.8,135.0,129.3,126.3,112.9,21.3.EI-MS:M+m/z 118.
实施例3:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)164mg,产率为93%。
4-溴苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.43(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),6.64(dd,J1=17.63Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.73(d,J=17.40Hz,1H),5.27(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ136.6,135.9,131.7,127.9,121.7,114.7.EI-MS:M+m/z 182.
实施例4:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与间溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与间溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与间溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 3-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为3-溴苯乙烯(式4)162mg,产率为89%。
3-溴苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.56(s,1H),7.53(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=7.79Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=7.79Hz,1H),7.20(t,J=7.79Hz,1H),6.65(dd,J1=17.63Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.76(d,J=17.40Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ139.8,135.6,130.8,130.2,129.3,125.0,122.9,115.5.EI-MS:M+m/z182.
实施例5:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与邻溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与邻溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与邻溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 2-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为3-溴苯乙烯(式5)162mg,产率为89%。
3-溴苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.53(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),7.26(t,J=7.33Hz,1H),7.12-7.02(m,2H),5.69(d,J=17.40Hz,1H),5.35(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.6,135.9,133.0,129.2,127.6,126.9,123.7,116.8.EI-MS:M+m/z 182.
实施例6:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与4-氰基苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与4-氰基苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与4-氰基苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,195mg 4-氰基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-氰基苯乙烯(式6)115mg,产率为89%。
4-氰基苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.59(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),6.70(dd,J1=17.86Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.93(d,J=17.86Hz,1H),5.43(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ141.9,135.4,132.4,126.8,119.0,117.8,111.1.EI-MS:M+m/z 129.
实施例7:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与3-溴甲基吡啶的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与3-溴甲基吡啶的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与3-溴甲基吡啶的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,195mg 3-溴甲基吡啶,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为3-乙烯基吡啶(式7)82mg,产率为78%。
3-乙烯基吡啶:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.61(s,1H),8.48(d,J=6.41Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.79Hz,1H),7.28-7.24(m,1H),6.70(dd,J1=17.86Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),5.83(d,J=17.86Hz,1H),5.38(d,J=10.99Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ148.9,148.3,133.5,133.1,132.8,123.5,116.3.EI-MS:M+m/z 105.
实施例8:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入330mg K2CO3(与对二苄溴的摩尔比为3:1),630mg三苯基膦(与对二苄溴的摩尔比为3:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对二苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),90mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,262mg对二溴甲基苯,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为对二苯乙烯(式8)115.7mg,产率为89%。
对二苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.40(s,4H),6.74(dd,J1=17.40Hz,J2=10.99Hz,2H),5.78(d,J=17.40Hz,2H),5.27(d,J=10.99Hz,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.2,136.6,126.5,113.9.EI-MS:M+m/z 130.
实施例9:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与3,5-二甲氧基苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),630mg三苯基膦(与3,5-二甲氧基苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mgRu(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与3,5-二甲氧基苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),90mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,231mg 3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为对3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯(式9)147.6mg,产率为90%。
3,5-二甲氧基苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ6.73(dd,J1=17.63Hz,J2=10.99Hz,1H),6.66(s,2H),6.48(s,1H),5.81(d,J=17.86Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=10.99Hz,1H),3.84(s,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ161.0,139.6,136.9,114.3,104.3,100.1,55.3.EI-MS:M+m/z 154.
实施例10:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与N-溴乙酰基苯胺的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与N-溴乙酰基苯胺的摩尔比为1.5:1),4.6mg[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6(与N-溴乙酰基苯胺的摩尔比为0.005:1),90mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,213mg N-溴乙酰基苯胺,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为N-丙烯酰基苯胺(式10)104mg,产率为71%。
N-丙烯酰基苯胺:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.04(s,1H),7.60(d,J=7.33Hz,2H),7.30(t,J=7.79Hz,2H),7.11(t,J=7.33Hz,1H),6.44-6.26(m,2H),5.72(d,J=9.62Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ164.0,137.9,131.4,129.1,127.8,124.6,120.3.EI-MS:M+m/z 147.
实施例11:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为6h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-苯基乙烯(式11)153mg(E/Z=6:4),产率为89%。
1-三氟甲基-2-苯基乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.44-7.31(m,5H),7.14(d,J=16.49Hz,0.4H),6.90(d,J=12.82Hz,0.6H),6.23-6.14(m,0.4H),5.79-5.69(m,0.6H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-57.4,-61.2.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ139.8(JF-C=5.75Hz),137.8(JF-C=6.71Hz),133.8,133.5,130.1,129.2,129.1,129.07,128.5,127.7,125.1,124.3,122.5,121.6,118.1(JF-C=34.50Hz),116.0(JF-C=33.55Hz).EI-MS:M+m/z 172.
实施例12:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,185mg 4-甲基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-(4-甲基-苯基)乙烯(式12)161.8mg(E/Z=7:3),产率为87%。
1-三氟甲基-2-(4-甲基-苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.53-7.50(m,2H),7.39-7.35(m,2H),7.30(d,J=16.03Hz,0.3H),7.05(d,J=12.82Hz,0.7H),6.38-6.29(m,0.3H),6.93-5.83(m,0.7H),2.55(S,3H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-57.4,-63.0.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ140.5,139.8(JF-C=5.75Hz),139.4,137.7(JF-C=6.71Hz),130.9,130.8,129.8,129.2,127.6,125.3,124.5,122.6,121.8,117.1(JF-C=34.50Hz),114.9(JF-C=33.55Hz),21.44,21.39.EI-MS:M+m/z 186.
实施例13:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,250mg4-溴溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-(4-溴-苯基)乙烯(式13)161.8mg(E/Z=66:34),产率为87%。
1-三氟甲基-2-(4-溴-苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.52-7.47(m,2H),7.31-7.24(m,2H),7.01(d,J=16.03Hz,0.34H),6.84(d,J=12.82Hz,0.66H),6.23-6.14(m,0.34H),5.84-5.74(m,0.66H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-57.5,-63.3.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ138.6(JF-C=5.75Hz),136.6(JF-C=6.71Hz),132.6,132.4,132.3,131.7,130.63.130.61,129.1,124.4,124.1,123.5,121.4.118.9(JF-C=35.46Hz),116.6(JF-C=34.50Hz).EI-MS:M+m/z 250.
实施例14:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与4-氰基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与4-氰基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与4-氰基溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,196mg 4-氰基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-(4-氰基-苯基)乙烯(式14))165.5mg(E/Z=71:29),产率为84%。
1-三氟甲基-2-(4-氰基苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.69-7.63(m,5H),7.56-7.45(m,2H),7.15(d,J=16.03Hz,0.29H),6.96(d,J=12.36Hz,0.71H),6.36-6.27(m,0.29H),5.97-5.87(m,0.71H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-57.6,-63.7.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ138.3,137.7(JF-C=5.75Hz),136.0(JF-C=6.71Hz),132.8,132.1,129.4,128.1,123.7,121.7,121.0,121.95(JF-C=34.50Hz),119.4(JF-C=34.50Hz),18.5,118.3,113.5,112.6.EI-MS:M+m/z 197.
实施例15:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,231mg 3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-(3,5-而甲氧基-苯基)乙烯(式15)201.9mg(E/Z=57:43),产率为89%。
1-三氟甲基-2-(3,5-而甲氧基-苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.09(d,J=16.03Hz,0.43H),6.87(d,J=12.82Hz,0.57H),6.60-6.57(s,2H),6.50-6.48(s,1H),6.24-6.15(m,0.43H),5.82-5.72(m,0.57H),3.81-3.80(s,6H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-57.1,-63.2.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ161.2,160.7,139.8(JF-C=5.75Hz),137.9(JF-C=6.71Hz),135.5,135.4,125.1,124.2,122.4,121.5,118.43(JF-C=35.46Hz),116.4(JF-C=33.55Hz),107.0,105.6,102.2,101.4,55.43,55.4.EI-MS:M+m/z 232.
实施例16:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与1-溴甲基萘的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与1-溴甲基萘的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与1-溴甲基萘的摩尔比为0.005:1),150μL三氟乙醛水合物(75%水溶液),10mL乙腈,221mg 1-溴甲基萘,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-三氟甲基-2-(1-萘)乙烯(式16)197.6mg(E/Z=57:43),产率为89%。
1-三氟甲基-2-(1-萘)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.09(d,J=8.70Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=16.03Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.24Hz,2H),7.66-7.58(m,3H),7.51(t,J=7.79Hz,1H),6.37-6.28(m,1H).19F(CDCl3,376.5MHz)δ-63.1.13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ135.3(JF-C=6.71Hz),133.7,131.2,131.1,130.3,128.9,127.0,126.4,125.5,124.9,123.3,118.9(JF-C=33.55Hz),21.44,21.39.EI-MS:M+m/z 222.
实施例17:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),135μL苯甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1,2-二苯乙烯(式17)163.9mg,产率为91%。
1,2-二苯乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.23-7.15(m,10H),6.59(s,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.4,130.4,129.0,128.3,127.2.EI-MS:M+m/z 180.
实施例18:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),135μL 4-甲氧基苯甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1苯基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯(式18)195.3mg,产率为91%。
1苯基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.28-7.16(m,7H),6.74(d,J=8.60Hz,2H),6.51(s,2H),3.77(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ158.8,137.7,130.3,129.9,128.94,128.88,128.4,127.0,113.7,55.3.EI-MS:M+m/z 210.
实施例19:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),199.4mg 3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-苯基-2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)乙烯(式19)221.1mg,产率为92%。
1-苯基-2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.27-7.14(m,5H),6.60(d,J=12.36Hz,1H),6.51(d,J=11.91Hz,1H),6.39(s,2H),6.31(s,1H),3.60(s,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ160.6,139.1,137.3,130.8,130.3,129.0,128.3,127.3,106.8,100.0,55.2.EI-MS:M+m/z 240.
实施例20:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),181.3mg 4-硝基苯甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-苯基-2-(4-硝基苯基)乙烯(式20)184.6mg,产率为82%。
1-苯基-2-(4-硝基苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.19(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=9.16Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=7.33Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.79Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=7.33Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=16.94Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=16.49Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ146.8,143.9,136.3,133.4,129.0,128.9,127.1,126.9,126.3,124.2.EI-MS:M+m/z 225.
实施例21:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),114μL 2-吡啶甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-苯基-2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯(式21)153.9mg,产率为85%。
1-苯基-2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.57(d,J=5.04Hz,1H),7.65-7.56(m,1H),7.42-7.34(m,2H),7.30-7.20(m,3H),7.13(d,J=10.53Hz,1H),7.05(t,J=6.41Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=12.36Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=12.36Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ156.4,149.6,136.7,135.6,133.3,130.5,128.9,128.8,128.3,127.6,127.1,123.9,121.8.ESI-MS:[M+H]+m/z 182.
实施例22:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),112μL噻吩-2-甲醛,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-苯基-2-(2-噻吩基)乙烯(式22)152.8mg,产率为82%。
1-苯基-2-(2-噻吩基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.37-7.17(m,5H),7.07(d,J=5.16Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=3.78Hz,1H),6.87(t,J=3.78Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=12.04Hz,1H),6.57(d,J=11.70Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ139.9,137.5,129.0,128.95,128.7,128.3,128.28,127.6,127.2,126.6,125.7,123.5.EI-MS:M+m/z 186.
实施例23:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与4-甲基溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),185mg 4-甲基溴化苄,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入106μL丁醛,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为1-甲基4-戊烯基苯(式23)129.7mg(E/Z=55:45),产率为81%。
1-苯基-2-(4-硝基苯基)乙烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.24-7.07(m,4H),6.39-6.32(m,1H),6.19-6.12(m,0.55H),5.64-5.58(m,0.45H),2.33-2.13(m,5H),1.53-1.42(m,2H),0.96-0.91(m,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ136.5,136.2,135.3,135.1,132.5,130.0,129.8,129.3,128.9,128.8,125.9,35.2,30.9,23.3,22.7,21.3,21.2,14.0,13.9.EI-MS:M+m/z 160.
实施例24:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,加入119μL乙醛酸乙酯,加入119μL溴化苄,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为肉桂酸乙酯(式24)125.1mg(E/Z=55:45),产率为71%。
肉桂酸乙酯:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.68(d,J=16.03Hz,0.54H),7.58-7.48(m,2H),7.36-7.30(m,3H),6.92(d,J=12.36Hz,0.45H),6.43(d,J=16.03Hz,0.55H),5.93(d,J=12.36Hz,0.45H),4.28-4.13(m,2H),1.34-1.21(m,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ167.0,166.2,144.6,143.0,134.9,134.5,130.2,129.7,129.0,128.9,128.1,128.0,119.9,118.3,60.5,60.3,14.4,14.1.EI-MS:M+m/z 176.
实施例25:
在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入326.4mg K2CO3(与溴化苄的摩尔比为3.0:1),628.8mg三苯基膦(与溴化苄的摩尔比为3.0:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与溴化苄的摩尔比为0.005:1),加入161mg邻苯二甲醛,264mg 1,2-二溴甲基苯,2mL DMF,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行分离纯化,得到产物为二苯并[A,E]环辛烯(式25)126.5mg,产率为62%。
二苯并[A,E]环辛烯:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.19-7.16(m,4H),7.11-7.08(m,4H),6.79(s,4H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ137.2,133.4,129.2,127.0.EI-MS:M+m/z 204.
实施例26:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入159mg Na2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为6h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)111.7mg,产率为61%。
实施例27:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入276mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为2.0:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下常温,反应时间为6h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)170mg,产率为93%。
实施例28:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),525mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为2.0:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为6h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)170mg,产率为93%。
实施例29:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),262.3mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为6h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)146.5mg,产率为80%。
实施例30:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为3h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)161.0mg,产率为88%。
实施例31:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL DMF,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)164.8mg,产率为90%。
实施例32:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL DMA,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)135.5mg,产率为74%。
实施例33:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),162μL 37%甲醛水溶液,10mL DMA,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在可见光下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)153.8mg,产率为84%。
实施例34:
如实施例3,在装有磁搅拌子的Schlenk(施兰克)试管中加入163.2mg K2CO3(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),314.4mg三苯基膦(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为1.5:1),3.8mg Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O(与对溴苄溴的摩尔比为0.005:1),60mg多聚甲醛,10mL乙腈,248mg 4-溴苄溴,氩气鼓气5分钟,在蓝光LED灯照射下,常温,反应时间为4h,产物经过石油醚进行分离纯化,得到产物为4-溴苯乙烯(式3)164.8mg,产率为90%。
上述各实施例所合成的烯烃化合物的结构式和收率列于表1中。
表1实施例1-25的产物及收率
从实施例1-34可知:该方法在常压,常温的反应条件下,以烷基卤代烃和醛为原料,乙腈、DMF或DMA作为溶剂,碱金属碳酸盐(包括钠、钾和铯等)为碱,有机膦化合物作为反应辅剂,在光照条件下,使用光敏剂作为催化剂,高效的合成出烯烃类化合物。与常规的制备烯烃类化合物合成方法相比,本发明的方法以乙腈为反应溶剂,采用碱金属碳酸盐这类相对温和的中强碱作为碱,反应条件为常温常压,使用简便易得的卤代烃和醛作为原料,一步反应生成烯烃类化合物产率高,对各种官能团都有很高的容忍性,是一种通用的有效地绿色的合成方法。
对比例1:
按实施例3所述步骤进行,使用4-溴苄溴,多聚甲醛作为原料,Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O作为催化剂,乙腈为溶剂,Cs2CO3作为碱,三苯基膦用量为1.5当量,反应时间为6h,得到产物的产率为93%。
对比例2:
如实施例3,将金属催化剂改为Ir(ppy)3,其他条件不变,反应得到产物的产率为21%。
对比例3:
如实施例3,不加入碱,其他条件不变,反应后得到产物产率为11%。
对比例4:
如实施例3,不加入三苯基膦,其他条件不变,反应结束后产物产率为0。
对比例5:
如实施例3,将溶剂改为DMSO,其他条件不变,反应结束后产物产率为43%。
对比例6:
如实施例3,将溶剂改为THF,其他条件不变,反应结束后产物产率为37%。
对比例7:
如实施例3,将溶剂改为二氯甲烷,其他条件不变,反应结束后产物产率为41%。
对比例8:
如实施例3,将溶剂改为二氧六环,其他条件不变,反应结束后只有痕量产物生成。
对比例9:
如实施例3,将放应放置在空气中进行,,其他条件不变,反应结束后有痕量的产物生成。
对比例10:
如实施例3,不加入光敏剂,其他条件不变,反应结束后有痕量的产生生成。
对比例11:
如实施例3,将反应放置在黑暗中,其他条件不变,反应结束后有痕量的产生生成。
上述各对比例的反应条件和产物收率如表2中所示。
表2中,光敏剂A指的是Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O,光敏剂B指的是Ir(ppy)3。
表2对比例1-11的反应条件和产物收率
由表2中的数据可以看出,采用Cs2CO3作为碱,虽然得到的产物的收率很高,但是由于其价格较高,所以应用价值不大;不采用碱金属碳酸盐、不加入有机膦化合物作为辅剂、不采用催化剂、采用Ir(ppy)3作为催化剂、采用DMSO、THF、二氯甲烷或二氧六环以及在黑暗中进行均不能得到目标化合物或者只能得到痕量的目标化合物。
由上述实施例和对比例可以看出,选用三联吡啶二氯化钌六水合物(Ru(bpy)3Cl2-6H2O)或[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6作为光敏剂,乙腈、DMF或DMA为溶剂,三苯基膦作为助反应物,碳酸钾或碳酸钠作为碱,烯烃类与醛类化合物在可见光照射下,反应结束得到产物苯乙烯的产率达60%以上,该方法投料简单,中间无需分离提纯,一锅就可以得到产物,具有非常广泛的应用前景。
上面描述了本发明的优选实施方式。在阅读本发明说明书的基础上,对这些优选实施方式中进行改动、变化和替换对于本领域普通技术人员来说将是明显的。本发明可以用本文具体描述的方式之外的方式被实现。因此,本发明涵盖了所有此类等效的实施方式。例如,本领域普通技术人员可以预期本发明的方法同样会适用于其他不饱和烃类化合物的合成。
Claims (10)
1.一种烯烃类化合物的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
在惰性气氛中,以碱金属碳酸盐作为碱,以有机膦化合物作为辅剂,以光敏剂作为催化剂,在光照的条件下卤代烃和醛类化合物进行反应得到所述烯烃类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述烯烃类化合物的结构式如式I所示:
式I中,R1为选自C1~C20烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR’、-C(=O)OR’、-NHC(=O)R’、-OR’、-C(=O)R”的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R’为H、C1~C6烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或苄基,R”为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基或C2~C6亚炔基;
R2为选自H、C1~C20烷基、C1~C20卤代烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20卤代烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、C6~C20卤代芳基、卤原子、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR”’、-C(=O)OR”’、-NHC(=O)R”’、-OR”’、-C(=O)R”’或HOR””-的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R”’为H、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6卤代烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6卤代烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基、苄基或卤代苄基,R””为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基或C2~C6亚炔基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述卤代烃的结构式如式II所示:
式II中,R1表示连接在亚甲基上的1、2或3个取代基,各自独立地为C1~C20烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR’、-C(=O)OR’、-NHC(=O)R’、-OR’、-C(=O)R’或HOR”-的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R’为H、C1~C6烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或苄基,R”为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基或C2~C6亚炔基;
X为F、Cl、Br或I。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述醛类化合物的结构式如式III所示:
R2-CHO
式III
式III中,R2表示连接在醛基上的1、2或3个取代基,各自独立地为H、C1~C20烷基、C1~C20卤代烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20卤代烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、C6~C20卤代芳基、卤原子、-OH、-NO2、-NH2、-NHR”’、-C(=O)OR”’、-NHC(=O)R”’、-OR”’、-C(=O)R”’或HOR””-的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R”’为H、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6卤代烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6卤代烯基、C2~C6炔基、芳基、苄基或卤代苄基,R””为C1~C6亚烷基、C2~C6亚烯基或C2~C6亚炔基。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述有机膦化合物的结构式如式Ⅳ所示:
式Ⅳ中,R3、R4和R5表示连接在磷上的取代基,独立地选自C1~C20烷基、C2~C20烯基、C2~C20炔基、C6~C20芳基、-OR’的取代基,各个所述取代基未被取代或被取代,其中R’为C1~C6烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或苄基。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述光敏剂为金属钌配合物、金属铱配合物或有机染料。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为室温至35℃;
所述反应在常压下进行。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述碱金属碳酸盐的化学式为M2CO3,M表示Li、Na、K、Rb或Cs。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述反应的溶剂为乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述有机膦化合物与所述烯烃类化合物的摩尔比为1.0~5.0:1;
所述碱金属碳酸盐与所述烯烃类化合物的摩尔比为1.0~5.0:1;
所述光敏剂与所述烯烃类化合物的摩尔比为0.001~0.005:1。
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