CN108633367B - Method for improving saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633367B CN108633367B CN201810366322.6A CN201810366322A CN108633367B CN 108633367 B CN108633367 B CN 108633367B CN 201810366322 A CN201810366322 A CN 201810366322A CN 108633367 B CN108633367 B CN 108633367B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of excavating a canal around the periphery of the saline-alkali soil; digging a plurality of transverse ditches and longitudinal ditches in the saline-alkali soil; laying a drainage pipe network, a straw layer, a water-permeable filling layer and a soil layer in each horizontal ditch and each longitudinal ditch in sequence; constructing an inner water retaining soil ridge and an outer water retaining soil ridge along the ditch; closing the water outlet of the ditch, and discharging water into the ditch through the water inlet until the water level in the saline-alkali soil is level to the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge; when the water surface is lower than the outer water retaining ridge, water is supplemented into the saline-alkali soil, and when the water surface does not need to be supplemented within 30-50 minutes, the saline-alkali soil is drained; detecting the salinity and alkalinity of the drained saline-alkali soil, conforming to the standard, and performing subsequent cultivation operation; and if the standard is not met, continuing the operation of discharging and draining water. The invention can maintain the infiltration of enough water quantity to the saline-alkali soil for a long time and controllably in the process of flood irrigation, can fully and effectively dissolve saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil, and simultaneously ensure that the saline-alkali ions permeate to deeper strata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil.
Background
The salinization of soil causes the reduction of grain yield and the deterioration of arable land, the water consumption of the traditional salt washing and discharging mode is more, and farmland drainage is converged into rivers or lakes through drainage channels, underground water infiltration and other modes, so that the water quality safety of the received water body is endangered. The main reason for salinization of soil is that the soil contains salinization components such as chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates and the like of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, which change the physicochemical properties of the soil, cause the quality of the soil to be reduced, plant growth to be inhibited in different degrees, cause the land to be remarkably reduced in yield, and large-area soil resources cannot be fully utilized. In the season of strong evaporation, salt is accumulated on the surface layer of soil, so that vicious circle of saline-alkali soil is caused, and the farmland and the water ecological system are damaged. Therefore, the method has important significance for improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soil, improving the agricultural sustainable development, improving the income level of farmers, protecting the ecological environment and the like. In the prior art, the saline-alkali soil is washed by utilizing the flood irrigation, so that the saline-alkali ions in the soil are reduced, and the soil meets the cultivation requirement, however, the method in the prior art is difficult to effectively wash the saline-alkali ions in the soil very effectively, and because the infiltration of the saline-alkali soil by water is difficult to maintain for a long time and is controllable in the flood irrigation process, the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil cannot be dissolved sufficiently and effectively, and meanwhile, the saline-alkali ions are permeated into deeper strata, so that the effect is poor and water resources are extremely wasted in the saline-alkali soil improvement process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) excavating a circle of canal around the periphery of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the excavated canal comprises a water inlet and a water outlet, and water gates are arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet;
2) excavating a plurality of transverse ditches and a plurality of longitudinal ditches which are criss-cross in the saline-alkali soil surrounded by the water channel, wherein two ends of each transverse ditch and each longitudinal ditch are communicated with the water channel;
3) laying a drainage pipe network at the bottoms of the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches, wherein the pipe wall of a drainage pipe of the drainage pipe network is densely provided with water permeable holes; meanwhile, water permeable baffles are arranged on the outlets of the two ends of each transverse ditch and each longitudinal ditch, which are connected with the water channel;
4) laying and compacting straw layers in each transverse ditch and each longitudinal ditch after laying the drainage pipe network, so that the compacted straw layers can fill the spaces among the drainage pipes, the side walls of the transverse ditches and the side walls of the longitudinal ditches and can completely cover the drainage pipes;
5) filling permeable filling layers in the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches, and then filling soil layers on the permeable filling layers in the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches to level the surfaces of the filled soil layers with the ground of the saline-alkali soil;
6) an inner water retaining soil ridge higher than the ground of the saline-alkali land is built along the inner side of the ditch, and an outer water retaining soil ridge is built along the outer side of the ditch, wherein the outer water retaining soil ridge is higher than the inner water retaining soil ridge;
7) closing a sluice on the water outlet and opening a sluice on the water inlet, discharging water into the ditch through the water inlet, and gradually submerging the water surface in the whole saline-alkali soil until the water surface in the whole saline-alkali soil and the outer water-retaining soil ridge of the ditch are kept at the same height, stopping discharging water into the ditch and closing the sluice on the water inlet; when the water surface in the saline-alkali soil is lower than the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge of the canal, a sluice on the water inlet is opened and water is continuously supplemented into the saline-alkali soil, so that the water surface in the saline-alkali soil and the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge of the canal are always kept level;
8) when the water level in the saline-alkali soil is maintained to be kept at the same level with the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge all the time within 30-50 minutes without water supplement, the sluice on the water outlet is opened to drain the saline-alkali soil, when the water level in the saline-alkali soil is kept at the same level with the height of the inner water retaining soil ridge, the water in the saline-alkali soil can continuously permeate downwards through the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil, further permeate into each transverse ditch and each longitudinal ditch, further permeate into the water drainage pipe network through the permeable filling layer, and then enter into the water channel through the water drainage pipe network to be drained away, wherein the water outlet 14 of the water channel 1 is in butt joint with the saline-alkali water treatment pool, and further treats the saline-alkali water flowing out of the water channel 1 in the saline-alkali water treatment pool, so as to avoid water pollution caused by directly uncontrollable discharge of saline-alkali water into rivers and lakes in the saline-alkali;
9) after the water in the saline-alkali soil is drained, waiting for 12-24 hours, carrying out salinity detection on the saline-alkali soil, and when the detection meets the standard, subsequently carrying out cultivation operation on the saline-alkali soil; and when the detection result shows that the salinity is still not in accordance with the standard, continuing to cycle the operations from the step 7) to the step 8) until the alkalinity of the salt detected in the step 9) is in accordance with the standard.
And 9) detecting the salinity and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, and applying an organic fertilizer for cultivation in the subsequent cultivation operation of the saline-alkali soil after the detection meets the standard.
In the step 1), alkali-resistant plants are planted in the excavated canal, and the alkali-resistant plants are narrow-leaved oleaster.
In the step 3), the water permeable baffle is a plate body which is blocked at the outlet connected with the ditch at the two ends of the transverse ditch or the longitudinal ditch and is densely provided with water permeable holes, the lower end of the plate body is inserted into the bottom of the ditch, and the plate body is used for blocking the water permeable filling layer so as to prevent the water permeable filling layer from collapsing and entering the ditch.
The permeable filling layer is a permeable sandstone layer; and a geotextile layer is also arranged on the plate body.
And 3) wrapping the drain pipe of the drain pipe network with a geotextile layer.
Above-mentioned sluice includes 2 gate guide strips, and this 2 gate guide strips correspond and inlay in 2 lateral walls of ditch, and every gate guide strip has vertically seted up the spout along it, is equipped with the gate between the spout of two gate guide strips, sliding seal is connected between gate and the spout, thereby the gate can be followed the spout and slided from top to bottom and make the gate open or close.
In the step 5), a straw layer is filled between the permeable filling layer and the soil layer.
The depth of the water channel is 0.8-1.5 m, and the depth of the water channel is 0.2-0.3 m deeper than the depth of the transverse ditch and the longitudinal ditch.
The height of the outer water-retaining soil ridge is 0.5-0.8 m, and the height of the inner water-retaining soil ridge is 0.1-0.2 m lower than that of the outer water-retaining soil ridge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which can fully utilize water of saline-alkali soil put into each opening of a gate to fully clean the saline-alkali soil until the saline-alkali soil cannot be infiltrated with water any more, and can further and continuously infiltrate the water into the saline-alkali soil through the soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil and discharge the water through transverse ditches and longitudinal ditches while opening the gate to discharge the water. The method can conveniently improve the saline-alkali soil in a large-water flood irrigation mode at any time, is simple to operate and easy to realize, can effectively and fully dissolve the saline-alkali ions in the soil, can maintain the sufficient water amount to infiltrate the saline-alkali soil for a long time in the flood irrigation process, can fully and effectively dissolve the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil and simultaneously enable the saline-alkali ions to permeate deeper strata, and has good effect and water resource saving in the saline-alkali soil improvement process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a facility for improving saline-alkali soil according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a lateral ditch or a longitudinal ditch according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the sluice structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, including the following steps:
1) excavating a circle of canal 1 around the periphery of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the excavated canal 1 comprises a water inlet 5 and a water outlet 14, and water gates 4 are arranged on the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 14;
2) excavating a plurality of transverse ditches 6 and a plurality of longitudinal ditches 7 which are criss-cross in the saline-alkali soil surrounded by the water channel 1, wherein two ends of each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7 are communicated with the water channel 1;
3) laying a drainage pipe network at the bottoms of the transverse ditches 6 and the longitudinal ditches 7, wherein the pipe walls of drainage pipes 13 of the drainage pipe network are densely provided with water permeable holes 13-1; meanwhile, the water permeable baffle plates 8 are arranged on the outlets of the two ends of each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7 which are connected with the water channel 1;
4) referring to fig. 2, a straw 11 layer is laid and compacted in each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7 after the drainage pipe network is laid, so that the compacted straw 11 layer can fill the space between the drainage pipe 13 and the side wall of the transverse ditch 6 and the side wall of the longitudinal ditch 7, and can completely cover the drainage pipe 13;
5) continuing to refer to fig. 2, further filling a permeable filling layer 12 in each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7, and then filling a soil layer 10 on the permeable filling layer 12 in each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7 to enable the surface of the filled soil layer 10 to be level with the ground of the saline-alkali soil;
6) an inner water-retaining soil ridge 3 higher than the ground of the saline-alkali soil is built along the inner side of the ditch 1, and an outer water-retaining soil ridge 2 is built along the outer side of the ditch 1, wherein the outer water-retaining soil ridge 2 is higher than the inner water-retaining soil ridge 3; (the outer water retaining ridge 2 and the inner water retaining ridge 3 are both water retaining wall structures)
7) Closing the water gate 4 on the water outlet 14 and opening the water gate 4 on the water inlet 5, discharging water into the ditch 1 through the water inlet 5, and gradually submerging the water surface in the whole saline-alkali soil until the water surface in the whole saline-alkali soil and the outer water retaining soil ridge 2 of the ditch 1 are kept at the same height, stopping discharging water into the ditch 1 and closing the water gate 4 on the water inlet 5; when the water surface in the saline-alkali soil is lower than the outer water retaining soil ridge 2 of the canal 1, opening the water gate 4 on the water inlet 5 and continuing to supplement water into the saline-alkali soil, so that the water surface in the saline-alkali soil and the outer water retaining soil ridge 2 of the canal 1 are kept level all the time;
8) when the water surface in the saline-alkali soil appears within 30-50 minutes and the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge 2 can be kept flat all the time under the condition that no water is required to be supplemented, the sluice 4 on the water outlet 14 is opened to drain the saline-alkali soil, when the water level in the saline-alkali soil and the height of the inner water retaining soil ridge 3 are kept constant, the water in the saline-alkali soil continuously permeates downwards through the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil, then permeates into each transverse ditch 6 and each longitudinal ditch 7 and further enters into a drain pipe network through the permeable filling layer 12, and then enters into the ditch 1 through the drain pipe network to be drained, the water outlet 14 of the ditch 1 is in butt joint with the saline-alkali water treatment pool, and the saline-alkali water flowing out of the ditch 1 is further treated in the saline-alkali water treatment pool, so that the problem that the saline-alkali water is directly and uncontrollably discharged into rivers, lakes and seas to cause water body pollution in the traditional saline-alkali soil improvement method is avoided;
9) after the water in the saline-alkali soil is drained, waiting for 12-24 hours, carrying out salinity detection on the saline-alkali soil, and when the detection meets the standard, subsequently carrying out cultivation operation on the saline-alkali soil; and when the detection result shows that the salinity is still not in accordance with the standard, continuing to cycle the operations from the step 7) to the step 8) until the alkalinity of the salt detected in the step 9) is in accordance with the standard.
Further, detecting the salinity and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil in the step 9), and applying an organic fertilizer for cultivation when cultivation operation is subsequently performed on the saline-alkali soil after the detection meets the standard, wherein the organic fertilizer can be human and animal excreta.
Further, in the step 1), alkali-resistant plants are planted in the excavated canal 1, and the alkali-resistant plants are narrow-leaved oleaster. The alkali-resistant plants can prevent the soil at the bottom of the ditch from losing and can improve the alkali-containing condition of the soil to a certain extent.
Further, in the step 3), the water permeable baffle 8 is a plate body which is blocked at the outlet of the two ends of the transverse ditch 6 or the longitudinal ditch 7 connected with the ditch 1 and is densely distributed with water permeable holes, the lower end of the plate body is inserted into the bottom of the ditch 1, and the plate body is used for blocking the water permeable filling layer 12 so as to prevent the water permeable filling layer 12 from collapsing and entering the ditch 1.
Further, the water-permeable filling layer 12 is a water-permeable sand layer; and a geotextile layer is also arranged on the plate body. The geotechnical cloth layer can prevent the seepage holes on the plate body from being blocked by soil particles.
Further, the drain pipe 13 of the drain pipe network in the step 3) is wrapped with a geotextile layer. The geotechnological cloth layer can prevent that the hole of permeating water on the drain pipe from being blockked up by soil particles.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the sluice 4 includes 2 sluice guide strips 4-1, the 2 sluice guide strips 4-1 are correspondingly embedded in 2 side walls 9 of the canal 1, each sluice guide strip 4-1 is provided with a sliding groove along a longitudinal direction thereof, a sluice 4-2 is arranged between the sliding grooves of the two sluice guide strips 4-1, the sluice 4-2 is connected with the sliding grooves in a sliding and sealing manner, and the sluice 4-2 can slide up and down along the sliding grooves so that the sluice 4-2 can be opened or closed. The gate can conveniently adjust the water inlet and outlet amount in a lifting mode according to needs.
Further, in the step 5), a straw 11 layer is filled between the water-permeable filling layer 12 and the soil layer 10. The straw 11 layer can prevent the thinner soil layer 10 particles from flowing down through the transverse ditch or the longitudinal ditch under the infiltration action of water.
Further, the depth of the ditch 1 is 0.8-1.5 m, and the depth of the ditch 1 is 0.2-0.3 m deeper than the depth of the transverse ditch 6 and the longitudinal ditch 7.
Furthermore, the height of the outer water-retaining soil ridge 2 is 0.5-0.8 m, and the height of the inner water-retaining soil ridge 3 is 0.1-0.2 m lower than that of the outer water-retaining soil ridge 2.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which can fully utilize the water of saline-alkali soil put into the saline-alkali soil after opening the gate each time to fully 'clean' the saline-alkali soil until the saline-alkali soil can not permeate water again, and can further continuously permeate the water into the saline-alkali soil through the soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil and discharge the water through the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches while opening the gate to discharge the water. The method can conveniently improve the saline-alkali soil in a large-water flood irrigation mode at any time, is simple to operate and easy to realize, can effectively and fully dissolve the saline-alkali ions in the soil, can maintain the sufficient water amount to infiltrate the saline-alkali soil for a long time in the flood irrigation process, can fully and effectively dissolve the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil and simultaneously enable the saline-alkali ions to permeate deeper strata, and has good effect and water resource saving in the saline-alkali soil improvement process.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) excavating a circle of canal (1) around the periphery of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the excavated canal (1) comprises a water inlet (5) and a water outlet (14), and water gates (4) are arranged on the water inlet (5) and the water outlet (14); the water gate (4) comprises 2 gate guide strips (4-1), the 2 gate guide strips (4-1) are correspondingly embedded in 2 side walls (9) of the water channel (1), each gate guide strip (4-1) is provided with a sliding groove along the longitudinal direction, a gate (4-2) is arranged between the sliding grooves of the two gate guide strips (4-1), the gate (4-2) is connected with the sliding grooves in a sliding and sealing manner, and the gate (4-2) can slide up and down along the sliding grooves so that the gate (4-2) can be opened or closed;
2) excavating a plurality of transverse ditches (6) and a plurality of longitudinal ditches (7) which are criss-cross in the saline-alkali soil surrounded by the water channel (1), wherein two ends of each transverse ditch (6) and each longitudinal ditch (7) are communicated with the water channel (1);
3) laying a drainage pipe network at the bottoms of the transverse ditches (6) and the longitudinal ditches (7), wherein water permeable holes (13-1) are densely distributed on the pipe wall of a drainage pipe (13) of the drainage pipe network; meanwhile, water permeable baffles (8) are arranged on the outlets of the two ends of each transverse ditch (6) and each longitudinal ditch (7) which are connected with the water channel (1);
4) laying straw (11) layers in each transverse ditch (6) and each longitudinal ditch (7) after laying the drainage pipe network and compacting, so that the compacted straw (11) layers can fill the spaces between the drainage pipe (13) and the side walls of the transverse ditches (6) and the side walls of the longitudinal ditches (7) and can completely cover the drainage pipe (13);
5) filling permeable filling layers (12) in the transverse ditches (6) and the longitudinal ditches (7), and then filling soil layers (10) on the permeable filling layers (12) in the transverse ditches (6) and the longitudinal ditches (7) to level the surfaces of the filled soil layers (10) with the saline-alkali soil ground; the water permeable baffle (8) is a plate body which is blocked at the outlet of the two ends of the transverse ditch (6) or the longitudinal ditch (7) connected with the ditch (1) and is densely provided with water permeable holes, the lower end of the plate body is inserted into the bottom of the ditch (1), and the plate body is used for blocking the water permeable filling layer (12) so as to prevent the water permeable filling layer (12) from collapsing and entering the ditch (1);
6) an inner water retaining ridge (3) higher than the ground of the saline-alkali soil is built along the inner side of the ditch (1), an outer water retaining ridge (2) is built along the outer side of the ditch (1), and the outer water retaining ridge (2) is higher than the inner water retaining ridge (3);
7) closing a water gate (4) on a water outlet (14), opening the water gate (4) on a water inlet (5), discharging water into the ditch (1) through the water inlet (5), and enabling the water surface to gradually submerge the whole saline-alkali soil until the water surface in the whole saline-alkali soil and the outer water-retaining soil ridge (2) of the ditch (1) are kept at the same height, stopping discharging water into the ditch (1) and closing the water gate (4) on the water inlet (5); when the water surface in the saline-alkali soil is lower than the outer water retaining soil ridge (2) of the canal (1), opening a water gate (4) on a water inlet (5) and continuously replenishing water into the saline-alkali soil to keep the water surface in the saline-alkali soil and the outer water retaining soil ridge (2) of the canal (1) at the same height all the time;
8) when the water level in the saline-alkali soil is maintained to be level with the height of the outer water retaining soil ridge (2) all the time within 30-50 minutes without water supplement, the sluice (4) on the water outlet (14) is opened to drain the saline-alkali soil, and when the water level in the saline-alkali soil is level with the height of the inner water retaining soil ridge (3), the water in the saline-alkali soil continuously penetrates downwards through the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil to further penetrate into each transverse ditch (6) and each longitudinal ditch (7), further enters the drain pipe network through the permeable filling layer (12), and then enters the water channel (1) through the drain pipe network to be drained away;
9) after the water in the saline-alkali soil is drained, waiting for 12-24 hours, carrying out salinity detection on the saline-alkali soil, and when the detection meets the standard, subsequently carrying out cultivation operation on the saline-alkali soil; and when the detection result shows that the salinity is still not in accordance with the standard, continuing to cycle the operations from the step 7) to the step 8) until the alkalinity of the salt detected in the step 9) is in accordance with the standard.
2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the saline-alkali soil is subjected to salinity detection in the step 9), and when the detection meets the standard, organic fertilizer is applied for cultivation when cultivation operation is subsequently performed on the saline-alkali soil.
3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), alkali-resistant plants are planted in the excavated canal (1), and the alkali-resistant plants are narrow-leaved oleaster.
4. A method of modifying saline and alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water permeable packing layer (12) is a water permeable sand layer; and a geotextile layer is also arranged on the plate body.
5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the drainage pipe (13) of the drainage pipe network in the step 3) is wrapped with a geotextile layer.
6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), a straw (11) layer is filled between the water-permeable filling layer (12) and the soil layer (10).
7. A method of improving saline and alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the canal (1) is 0.8-1.5 m, and the depth of the canal (1) is 0.2-0.3 m deeper than the depth of the transverse trench (6) and the longitudinal trench (7).
8. The method for improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of said outer water-retaining ridge (2) is 0.5 m to 0.8 m, and the height of said inner water-retaining ridge (3) is 0.1 m to 0.2 m lower than that of said outer water-retaining ridge (2).
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| CN102612882A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州绿世界园林发展有限公司 | Method and salt leaching and inhibiting system for improving coastal beach by burying plant stalks in ditches |
| CN202503890U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-10-31 | 福建省景观园林建筑发展有限公司 | Water and soil improvement system of saline and alkaline land |
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