CN102383408B - Greening method for high water level impermeable saline and alkaline lands and greening system - Google Patents

Greening method for high water level impermeable saline and alkaline lands and greening system Download PDF

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CN102383408B
CN102383408B CN201110279829.6A CN201110279829A CN102383408B CN 102383408 B CN102383408 B CN 102383408B CN 201110279829 A CN201110279829 A CN 201110279829A CN 102383408 B CN102383408 B CN 102383408B
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seepage
landfill
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sand
drainage
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CN102383408A (en
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于德发
王玉磊
蒋宝忠
齐焕
刘彦红
邵绿洲
姜雪昊
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BEIJING ZEHO WATERFRONT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TREATMENT CORP
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BEIJING ZHENGHE HENGJIBIN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM ENVIRONMENT CONTROL CO LTD
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Abstract

本发明涉及高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化方法和一种采用该方法的绿化体系，所述绿化方法为采用填埋式排水沟进行排水排盐，所述填埋式排水沟的沟底埋设有纵向的盲管，所述盲管的上方铺设有渗水沙层，通过渗水沙层进行集水并将水通过所述盲管上部的透水孔引入盲管中，通过盲管的排水口将水排入排水管道和/或集水井，所述填埋式排水沟底部的一侧或两侧设置一个或多个填埋式渗水坡面，所述填埋式渗水坡面上设置渗水沙层并使该渗水沙层与位于所述盲管上方的渗水沙层连为一体，所述填埋式渗水坡面延伸至特定的排水区域。依据上述方法即可形成所述的绿化体系。本发明有利于排水排盐，改善植物的生长环境，特别适应于高水位粘土盐碱地中植物的存活和生长。

Figure 201110279829

The invention relates to a greening method for high-water-level impermeable saline-alkali land and a greening system using the method. The greening method is to use a landfill type drainage ditch for drainage and salt discharge. The dead leg is laid with a water seepage sand layer above the dead leg, and the water is collected through the water seepage sand layer and the water is introduced into the dead leg through the permeable hole on the upper part of the dead leg, and the water is discharged into the dead leg through the outlet of the dead leg. Drainage pipes and/or water collection wells, one or more landfill seepage slopes are provided on one or both sides of the bottom of the landfill drainage ditch, and a seepage sand layer is arranged on the landfill seepage slopes to make the landfill The seepage sand layer is integrated with the seepage sand layer above the dead pipe, and the landfill seepage slope extends to a specific drainage area. The greening system can be formed according to the above method. The invention is beneficial to drainage and salt discharge, improves the growth environment of plants, and is especially suitable for the survival and growth of plants in high water level clay saline soil.

Figure 201110279829

Description

The greening method in the waterproof salt-soda soil of high water level and greening system
Technical field
The present invention relates to the greening method in the waterproof salt-soda soil of a kind of high water level, also relate to a kind of greening system that adopts the waterproof salt-soda soil of high water level of the method, be mainly adapted to the greening in the salt-soda soil that viscosity is large, water level is high.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil exists in a large number at coastal region, and existence form is also not quite similar, the method of therefore administering is also not quite similar, for example the soil in certain park, strand is rubbery black clay, groundwater table is 20cm only apart from earth's surface, soil compaction, and after rain, soil is moistening for a long time, surface pond is bronzing, and maintains the original state for a long time.Raining and wash away rear testing soil pH value in earth's surface is 8.6, underground 20cm-60cm place soil salt content 0.42%, on this class soil, if adopt conventional planting tree mode to be difficult to guarantee existence and the growth of trees, be therefore necessary to develop a kind of planting tree method that is adapted to the clay salt-soda soil of this high water level.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art, the invention provides greening method and a kind of greening system that adopts the waterproof salt-soda soil of high water level of the method in the waterproof salt-soda soil of a kind of high water level, to be adapted to the survival and growth of trees in the clay salt-soda soil of high water level.
The technical scheme that the present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose is:
The greening method in the waterproof salt-soda soil of a kind of high water level, it adopts filling type gutter to carry out draining salt discharge, the bottom of trench in described filling type gutter is embedded with blind pipe longitudinally, the top of described blind pipe is equipped with infiltration sand bed, by infiltration sand bed catchment and by water the permeable hole by described blind pipe top introduce in blind pipe, the outfall by blind pipe enters drainage pipe and/or collecting well by water.
One or both sides in bottom, described filling type gutter can arrange one or more filling type water seepage slope surfaces, infiltration sand bed is set on described filling type water seepage slope surface and this infiltration sand bed and the infiltration sand bed that is positioned at described blind pipe top are connected as a single entity, described filling type water seepage slope surface extends to specific drainage, described drainage can arrange or also the sand bed that catchments can be set, the described infiltration sand bed catchmenting on sand bed and described filling type water seepage slope surface can be connected as a single entity conventionally, by the infiltration sand bed of filling type water seepage slope surface, guide the water of described drainage into blind pipe thus.
Preferably, at blind pipe both sides and top rubble soft flocks landfill, the described infiltration sand bed that is positioned at blind pipe top be laid immediately on described rubble soft flocks above, thus the water in this infiltration sand bed infiltrated to the surrounding of described blind pipe and enter in blind pipe by the permeable hole on described blind pipe.
The greening system in the waterproof salt-soda soil of a kind of high water level, it is provided with filling type gutter, the bottom in described filling type gutter is embedded with blind pipe longitudinally, the top of described blind pipe is distributed with the some permeable holes that penetrate its tube wall, the bottom of described blind pipe is provided with the outfall being communicated with collecting well or drainage pipe, the bottom margin in described filling type gutter connects oblique upwardly extending filling type water seepage slope surface, the bottom in described filling type water seepage slope surface and described filling type gutter is equipped with infiltration sand bed, described blind pipe is positioned at the below of the infiltration sand bed of bottom, described filling type gutter, tamp with soil the top of described infiltration sand bed, conventionally can be filled to concordant with ground surface.
The outside of described blind pipe can be provided with the silk screen that covers described permeable hole conventionally, to avoid earth that permeable hole is clogged.The both sides of described blind pipe and top are by rubble soft flocks landfill, formation is trapped among described blind pipe rubble soft flocks layer around, the described infiltration sand bed that is positioned at blind pipe top be laid immediately on described rubble soft flocks layer above, thus above blind pipe and form good infiltration region around, to realize the object of catchmenting and passing through permeable hole draining.
Described infiltration sand bed preferably adopts thick river sand, oozes/permeable effect to improve.
The thickness that is positioned at the described rubble soft flocks layer of described blind pipe top can be 1-10cm conventionally, can form thus good oozing/permeable effect., match with the thick river sand that forms described infiltration sand bed meanwhile, can form good infiltration and filter effect.
The thickness of described infiltration sand bed can be 8-25cm conventionally, has both guaranteed thus ooze/permeable effect, avoids again blocked up sand bed to affect root growth.
Described blind pipe can be cement blind pipe conventionally, to reduce the cost, and increases the service life.
The external diameter of described blind pipe can be 15-40cm conventionally.
The gradient of described filling type water seepage slope surface can be 5-45 degree conventionally, can determine as the case may be, the water that can effectively the region that needs draining be oozed out is thus introduced filling type gutter, and then entering collecting well or drainage pipe by blind pipe, described drainage pipe can adopt existing municipal drainage pipeline.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing to being provided with filling type gutter and having buried the blind pipe of infiltration use underground in filling type gutter, and be provided with for catchmenting and permeable infiltration sand bed, water can be collected in thus in infiltration sand bed and then discharge by blind pipe, having realized thus the object of carrying out draining and salt discharge at regional area; Owing to can the water of close region being introduced in gutter by the infiltration sand bed on water seepage slope surface and water seepage slope surface; can realize the draining to specific region thus; this drainage pattern is applied in planting tree; water in plant pit can be introduced by water seepage slope surface; when this drainage pattern is applied to roadbed and wall base protection; near ponding draining roadbed and the wall base can be reduced to the water level in these regions, can be conveniently implemented in many-sided application thus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation under a kind of application scenarios of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation under the another kind of application scenarios of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below, by reference to the accompanying drawings, introduce in detail the embodiment of the present invention under several concrete conditions.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is a kind of application of the present invention aspect planting tree.According to Greening Design requirement, the strip of plant on the soil 1 of the afforested areas trees 9 such as Chinese wax, ginkgo tree battle array, for example each tree battle array 4 row tree, spacing in the rows 3m, partition strip cloves, winged euonymus, the midget crabapple tree battle array of planting of forming a team, under the Ligustrum vicaryi of planting, to realize three-dimensional greens.
The present invention in this embodiment, first adopts following manner carry out surface management and form plant pit:
(1) strengthen plant pit soil moved in to improve the original, the ginkgo of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm, the plant pit of Chinese wax 8 diameters can be 120cm, dark 100cm, and at the bottom of cave, the thick thick river sand of paving 20cm, forms described cave bed-sit layer 7.
(2) at the thick planting soil of earth's surface paving one deck 20-30cm, smooth, and make 0.2% drainage grade.
(3) earth's surface 30cm mixes river sand.
The draining salt discharge the present invention relates on the basis of above-mentioned work, the specific embodiment is:
(1) admixture 1/3 river sand in planting soil, forms and mixes husky planting soil, for landfill plant pit.
(2) between two adjacent row trees, dig the filling type gutter 2 of dark 120cm strip, lay the cement blind pipe 6 that is provided with permeable hole of diameter 20cm in ditch, described cement blind pipe is communicated with municipal drainage pipeline by its outfall.
(3) ditching of every strain plant pit is communicated with adjacent filling type gutter, and the domatic degree of depth at plant pit place of bottom of trench is 100cm, and the degree of depth at nearly blind pipe place is 120cm, forms thus the filling type water seepage slope surface to filling type gutter by plant pit.
(4) blind pipe surrounding is filled out river sand or other rubble soft flocks to blind pipe mouth top 3cm, form described rubble soft flocks layer 5, the thick thick river sand of 20cm is laid in river sand place, plant pit bottom to blind pipe top, formation is laid on described filling type water seepage slope surface and the infiltration sand bed 3,4 of bottom, described filling type gutter, make thus cave bed-sit layer and infiltration sand bed be communicated as one, form the penetrating passage by plant pit bottom to blind pipe top.
(5) backfill, to original state, forms complete ground surface.
After above-mentioned draining salt discharge, the whole well-growns of 120 strain ginkgo of plantation, the root system diameter of growing after 1 year reaches 0.3 meter.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is a kind of application of the present invention aspect tracery wall plantation.According to designing requirement, in roadside, garden, tracery wall is set, outside, Er Yuan road has been provided with embossment wall, and Gai Yuan road is positioned at the lowered zones in high water level salt-soda soil.
According in this embodiment of the present invention, adopted following embodiment:
(1) by gutter 2 being set apart from middle part, embossment Qiang10Yu Yuan road dewatering: drainage trenching 2 on the other soil 1 of embossment wall, ditch depth 80cm, wide 30cm, gutter is moved towards Yi Yuan road and is as the criterion.
(2) by the lower in gutter and existing rainwater-collecting catch pit UNICOM.
(3) dig water seepage slope surface: Road Edge vertically digs dark 50cm in embossment Qiang Yu garden, and edge, gutter digs dark 60cm, is both sides high after having dug, middle low shape, and will dig rear soil outward transport.
(4) in gutter, lay the cement blind pipe 6 of diameter 20cm, the permeable hole entrance of blind pipe upper end is tight with steel wire guard, and outside seals gauze wire cloth with the rubble of diameter 2-3cm; Outfall is established in the lower end of blind pipe, by pipeline, accesses rainwater collecting well.
(5) both sides of blind pipe and upper end landfill rubble soft flocks, until cover blind pipe 2-3cm, the rubble place that blind pipe upper end seals permeable hole also uses rubble hair nitre landfill, forms rubble soft flocks layer 5.
(6) the thick thick river sand of 10cm is all laid at all excavations position, forms infiltration sand bed 3,4.
(7) on thick river sand backfill planting soil to designing requirement absolute altitude.
After above-mentioned draining salt discharge, the tracery wall well-grown of plantation.
According to applicant's experimental analysis, the present invention has following effect to improving clay salt-soda soil:
(1) abundant dewatering, and realize the object of salt discharge.
(2) large according to alkaline land soil density, soil property is hard, and fluid-tight feature is directly used thick river sand separation layer, has saved many trouble technique and the earth volumes such as lower berth rubble, reduces a large amount of engineering costs.
(3) utilize the gravity waters such as greening watering, rainwater to reach the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge and prevent the object of saline and alkaline rising.

Claims (5)

1.一种高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化方法，其特征在于： 1. A greening method of high water level impermeable saline-alkali land, characterized in that: 首先，采用下列方式进行地面整理并形成树穴： First, prepare the ground and form the tree hole in the following manner: （1）加大树穴客土，胸径8cm的银杏、白蜡的树穴直径为120cm，深100cm，穴底铺20cm厚粗河沙，形成穴底沙层； (1) Increase the guest soil of the tree hole, the diameter of the tree hole of ginkgo and white wax with a breast height of 8cm is 120cm, the depth is 100cm, and the bottom of the hole is covered with 20cm thick river sand to form a sand layer at the bottom of the hole; （2）在地表铺一层20-30cm厚的种植土，平整，并做出0.2%排水坡度； (2) Spread a layer of 20-30cm thick planting soil on the surface, level it, and make a drainage slope of 0.2%; （3）地表30cm掺河沙； (3) 30cm of surface mixed with river sand; 在上述工作的基础上进行排水排盐，具体实施方式为：  Carry out drainage and salt discharge on the basis of the above work, the specific implementation method is: （1）种植土内掺加1/3河沙，形成掺沙种植土，用于填埋树穴； (1) Add 1/3 river sand to the planting soil to form sand-mixed planting soil, which is used to fill tree holes; （2）在相邻的两行树之间挖深120cm条状的填埋式排水沟，沟内铺设直径20cm的设有透水孔的水泥盲管，所述水泥盲管通过其排水口与市政排水管道连通； (2) Dig a 120cm-deep strip-shaped landfill drainage ditch between two adjacent rows of trees, and lay a 20cm-diameter cement blind pipe with permeable holes in the ditch, and the cement blind pipe will communicate with the municipal Drain pipe connection; （3）每株树穴挖沟与相邻的填埋式排水沟连通，沟底坡面在树穴处的深度为100cm，在近盲管处的深度为120cm，由此形成由树穴向填埋式排水沟的填埋式渗水坡面； (3) Each tree hole is dug to communicate with the adjacent landfill drainage ditch. The depth of the slope at the bottom of the ditch is 100cm at the tree hole and 120cm near the blind pipe, thus forming Landfill seepage slope of landfill drainage ditches; （4）所述盲管四周填碎石毛屑至盲管口上方3cm，形成碎石毛屑层，树穴底部河沙处至盲管上方铺设20cm厚的粗河沙，形成铺设在所述填埋式渗水坡面上和所述填埋式排水沟底部的渗水沙层，由此使得穴底沙层与渗水沙层连通为一体，形成由树穴底部至盲管上方的渗水通道，位于盲管上方的所述渗水沙层直接铺设在所述碎石毛屑的上面，由此将该渗水沙层中的水渗入所述盲管的周围并通过所述盲管上的透水孔进入盲管内； (4) Fill gravel and hair debris around the blind pipe to 3 cm above the blind pipe mouth to form a layer of gravel and hair debris, and lay 20 cm thick coarse river sand from the river sand at the bottom of the tree hole to the top of the blind pipe to form a layer of The seepage sand layer on the landfill seepage slope and the bottom of the landfill drainage ditch, thus making the sand layer at the bottom of the cave and the seepage sand layer connected as a whole, forming a seepage channel from the bottom of the tree cave to the top of the dead pipe, located at The water seepage sand layer above the dead leg is directly laid on the top of the gravel shavings, so that the water in the water seepage sand layer infiltrates around the dead leg and enters the blind leg through the permeable holes on the dead leg. tube; 回填土至原状，形成完整的地表面。 Backfill the soil to the original state to form a complete ground surface. 2.一种高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化体系，其特征在于包括： 2. A greening system for high water level impermeable saline-alkali land, characterized in that it comprises: 树穴，胸径8cm的银杏、白蜡的树穴直径为120cm，深100cm，穴底铺20cm厚粗河沙，形成穴底沙层，种植土内掺加1/3河沙，形成掺沙种植土，填埋树穴； Tree hole, the diameter of ginkgo biloba and white wax tree hole with a breast height of 8cm is 120cm in diameter and 100cm deep. The bottom of the hole is covered with 20cm thick river sand to form a sand layer at the bottom of the hole. Add 1/3 river sand to the planting soil to form a sand-mixed planting soil , to fill the tree hole; 地表铺设有一层20-30cm厚的种植土，平整，并做出0.2%排水坡度； A layer of 20-30cm thick planting soil is laid on the surface, which is leveled and made with a drainage slope of 0.2%; 地表30cm掺河沙； Surface 30cm mixed with river sand; 在相邻的两行树之间，挖设有深120cm条状的填埋式排水沟，沟内铺设有直径20cm的设有透水孔的水泥盲管，所述水泥盲管通过其排水口与市政排水管道连通； Between two adjacent rows of trees, a 120cm deep strip-shaped landfill drainage ditch is dug, and a cement dead pipe with a diameter of 20cm and a water permeable hole is laid in the ditch. Municipal drainage pipe connection; 每株树穴挖设有沟与相邻的填埋式排水沟连通，沟底坡面在树穴处的深度为100cm，在近盲管处的深度为120cm，由此形成由树穴向填埋式排水沟的填埋式渗水坡面； Each tree hole is dug with a ditch to communicate with the adjacent landfill drainage ditch. The depth of the slope at the bottom of the ditch is 100cm at the tree hole and 120cm near the blind pipe, thus forming Landfill seepage slope of buried drainage ditch; 所述盲管四周填碎石毛屑至盲管口上方3cm，形成碎石毛屑层，树穴底部河沙处至盲管上方铺设有20cm厚的粗河沙，位于盲管上方的所述渗水沙层直接铺设在所述碎石毛屑层的上面，形成铺设在所述填埋式渗水坡面上和所述填埋式排水沟底部的渗水沙层，由此使得穴底沙层与渗水沙层连通为一体，形成由树穴底部至盲管上方的渗水通道； The dead leg is filled with gravel shavings to 3 cm above the blind leg mouth to form a gravel shavings layer, and 20 cm thick coarse river sand is laid from the river sand at the bottom of the tree hole to the top of the blind leg. The seepage sand layer is directly laid on the top of the crushed stone flake layer to form a seepage sand layer laid on the landfill seepage slope and the bottom of the landfill drainage ditch, thus making the sand layer at the bottom of the cave and The seepage sand layer is connected as a whole, forming a seepage channel from the bottom of the tree hole to the top of the dead pipe; 完整的地表面，由回填土至原状形成。 The complete ground surface is formed by backfilling soil to its original state. 3.如权利要求2所述的高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化体系，其特征在于所述盲管的外侧设有罩住所述透水孔的丝网。 3. The greening system of high water level impermeable saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a wire mesh covering the permeable holes is provided on the outside of the blind pipe. 4.如权利要求2或3所述的高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化体系，其特征在于位于所述盲管上方的所述碎石毛屑层的厚度为1-10cm，所述渗水沙层的厚度为8-25cm。 4. the afforestation system of the high water level impermeable saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that the thickness of the described crushed stone dander layer that is positioned at described blind pipe top is 1-10cm, and the thickness of described seepage sand layer The thickness is 8-25cm. 5.如权利要求5所述的高水位不透水盐碱地的绿化体系，其特征在于所述盲管的外径为15-40cm。 5. The greening system of high water level impermeable saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the outer diameter of the dead pipe is 15-40cm.
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