CN214177981U - Earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN214177981U CN214177981U CN202120131340.3U CN202120131340U CN214177981U CN 214177981 U CN214177981 U CN 214177981U CN 202120131340 U CN202120131340 U CN 202120131340U CN 214177981 U CN214177981 U CN 214177981U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil; the saline-alkali land saline-alkali pond comprises a treatment counter bore excavated in a saline-alkali land region to be treated and a saline-alkali pond beside the saline-alkali land region to be treated, wherein a revetment is formed between the saline-alkali land region to be treated and the saline-alkali pond; a plurality of arbor planting areas and a plurality of shrub planting areas are divided in the treatment sinking hole, and the arbor planting areas and the shrub planting areas are sequentially arranged at intervals; the bottom of the treatment counter bore is also provided with a plurality of salt discharge ditches, the side walls of the treatment counter bore and the salt discharge ditches are paved with an anti-seepage geomembrane which is completely isolated from the original soil layer of the saline-alkali soil region to be treated, salt discharge pipes are paved in the salt discharge ditches, the end parts of the salt discharge pipes penetrate through the anti-seepage geomembrane and the soil layer and extend out of the outer side of the revetment, and the surfaces of the salt discharge pipes are provided with a plurality of water seepage holes; the treatment counter bore is filled with treatment earthwork. The salt discharge pipe in the native square structure discharges salt in the soil along with water, and the ground water level is controlled below the critical depth, so that the purposes of soil desalination and secondary salinization prevention are achieved, and the purpose of greening the saline-alkali soil is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil.
Background
With the development of landscaping engineering in China, the tasks of improving the non-soda type severe salinization soil improvement of inland wetland in China and improving the landscape effect and maintenance management level of the greening of severe saline-alkali soil are on schedule, one of the main achievement indexes is to improve the plant planting survival rate, and the commonly used saline-alkali soil improvement and utilization method and technology mainly comprise physical improvement (land leveling, deep ploughing and sunning, soil loosening in time, terrain elevation, micro-area soil improvement and saline-alkali scraping), water conservancy improvement (irrigation and drainage matching, fresh salt accumulation, under-film irrigation, irrigation and salt washing by irrigation, underground pipeline salt drainage), chemical improvement (gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, humic acid, peat and the like) and biological improvement (planting of rice, planting of salt-tolerant plants, salt-tolerant plants absorption and using of microbial fertilizers) and the like, can reduce the salinization harm to a certain extent, and plays a certain role in promoting the grain safety and economic development of regions.
However, it is obvious from research and comprehensive analysis that the following three problems are present in the aspects of treating the severe salinized soil and environmental impact, if a single or two treatment combination mode is adopted.
Economic cost: physical and chemical improvement requires large-scale disturbance of the earth surface or the transportation of other substances, the amount of engineering and investment are large, most of salt is not removed from soil and plots, the salinization risk and harm exist all the time, and continuous improvement and investment are required.
Water resource cost: water resources in the arid region are in shortage, a large amount of water resources are required for salt washing every year, for example, in Xinjiang in China, the water consumption for salt washing (salt discharge) reaches 6000-10000m3 per hectare every year, the shortage of water resources in the arid region is further aggravated, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is low, and the sustainable development of regional economy and ecology can be directly threatened.
Ecological cost: firstly, in the water-related ecology aspect, some arid regions, such as the elm forest region in Shaanxi province, can slow down salinization by lowering the water level through artificial drainage, but the lowering of the underground water level generated by the saline-alkali soil water level can cause the water shortage of natural vegetation adapted to the local water environment and even cause the degradation of a natural ecosystem; secondly, other chemical fertilizers and the like are added into the soil, so that other chemical components are increased, for example, application of phosphogypsum not only increases sulfate ions in the soil, but also can cause heavy metal ions to enter a soil ecosystem; thirdly, in the field of international water ecological research, the salinization of water bodies increasingly affects wetland and fresh water ecological systems, the salt content of the water bodies of river channels is directly increased due to salt washing and drainage of saline-alkali soil, and the ecological effect is not clear.
Therefore, the earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil is urgently needed to be developed through the innovation of irrigation and drainage modes and technical theories.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a cubic structure of ecological improvement in saline and alkaline land is provided, this cubic structure of ecological improvement in saline and alkaline land is applicable to the soil improvement of heavy saline and alkaline, heavy glutinous soil.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides an earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil;
the saline-alkali land saline-alkali pond comprises a treatment counter bore excavated in a saline-alkali land region to be treated and a saline-alkali pond beside the saline-alkali land region to be treated, wherein a revetment is formed between the saline-alkali land region to be treated and the saline-alkali pond;
the treatment counter bore is internally divided into a plurality of arbor planting areas and a plurality of shrub planting areas, the arbor planting areas and the shrub planting areas are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the horizontal height of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the arbor planting area is lower than that of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the shrub planting area;
the bottom of the treatment counter bore is also provided with a plurality of salt discharge ditches, the level height of the bottom of each salt discharge ditch is higher than the highest water level height of the saline-alkali pool, the side walls of the treatment counter bore and the salt discharge ditches are paved with anti-seepage geomembranes which are completely isolated from the original soil layer of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated, salt discharge pipes are paved in the salt discharge ditches, the end parts of the salt discharge pipes penetrate through the anti-seepage geomembranes and the soil layer of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated and extend out of the revetment outside, and the surfaces of the salt discharge pipes are provided with a plurality of water seepage holes;
and the treatment counter bore is backfilled with treatment earthwork.
In order to understand the technical content of the present invention more clearly, the earthwork structure of the ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil is referred to as the native earthwork structure for short hereinafter.
Preferably, the governing earthwork of the local earthwork structure comprises a planting soil layer at the upper side and a broken stone cushion layer at the lower side, and the broken stone cushion layer covers the salt discharge ditch and the salt discharge pipe.
Preferably, a plurality of inspection wells are vertically pre-buried in the treatment earthwork of the local earthwork structure, the upper ends of the inspection wells extend out of the upper side of the treatment earthwork, and the lower ends of the inspection wells extend into the bottoms of the arbor planting areas of the treatment counter bores.
Preferably, the governing earthwork of the local earthwork structure comprises a plurality of tree holes dug in a planting soil layer on the planting side, and the side wall of each tree hole is provided with a prefabricated sleeve which is formed by combining two semicircular cylinders.
Preferably, the vertical lateral wall edge in the semicircle barrel both sides of native square structure outwards extends limited part, and the corresponding combination of limited part of two semicylinders becomes the spacing arch of prefabricated sleeve both sides, and prefabricated sleeve still includes two buckles, opens in two buckles have with spacing protruding complex spacing groove.
Preferably, the salt discharge pipe with the local cubic structure is a PVC-U permeable pipe.
As preferred, be in the saline and alkaline land that is close to revetment one side in native square structure and treat that the intraformational salt elimination pipe of administered district soil is equipped with inverted siphon structure, and inverted siphon structure includes two vertical pipes and a horizontal pipe, and the level of horizontal pipe is less than the level of salt elimination pipe, and two vertical pipe lower extremes communicate with the horizontal pipe both ends respectively, and the salt elimination pipe intercommunication that the upper end of two vertical pipes was interrupted respectively.
As preferred, stretch out the salt discharge pipe terminal surface in the revetment outside in the native square structure and be the inclined plane, the relative vertical face of salt discharge pipe terminal surface has the inclination, and this salt discharge pipe tip still is equipped with one-way restriction subassembly, and one-way restriction subassembly includes the valve plate, and the valve plate upper end articulates in salt discharge pipe outer wall upper end, and the valve plate can cover salt discharge pipe terminal surface completely.
Preferably, the earthwork cloth is laid between the planting soil layer for treating earthwork and the gravel cushion layer in the local earthwork structure.
After the structure is adopted, the salt discharging pipe in the local cubic structure discharges salt in soil along with water, and the underground water level is controlled below the critical depth, so that the purposes of soil desalination and secondary salinization prevention are achieved, and the method is a permanent measure for making good the greening of saline-alkali soil.
The beneficial technical effect of native square structure does: improving soil, reducing the salt content of the soil, ensuring the survival and ecological effects of seedlings, draining water, desalting, improving soil, planting seedlings, maintaining specially and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a local square structure.
Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a prefabricated sleeve according to an embodiment of the present cubic construction.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of a second inverted siphon structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-directional restriction assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way restriction assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a four prefabricated sleeve of an embodiment of the present cubic construction.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the local structure.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 3
The embodiment depends on the comprehensive treatment project of the saline-alkali soil of the halogen Yangyu lake in Weinan city, and aims at combining the characteristics of the non-soda type severe salinized soil of the inland wetland in the working area.
The native side structure includes that saline and alkaline land treats the improvement counter bore of administering regional excavation and saline and alkaline land treats the saline and alkaline pond 2 of administering regional side in saline and alkaline land, and saline and alkaline land treats that it forms revetment 6 between administering region and saline and alkaline pond 2.
A plurality of arbor planting areas 11 and a plurality of shrub planting areas 12 are divided in the treatment counter bore, the arbor planting areas 11 and the shrub planting areas 12 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the horizontal height of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the arbor planting area 11 is lower than the horizontal height of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the shrub planting area 12.
The bottom of the treatment counter bore is also provided with a plurality of parallel salt discharge ditches 13, the direction of the salt discharge ditches 13 is vertical to the length direction of the arbor planting area 11 or the shrub planting area 12, and the horizontal height of the bottom of the salt discharge ditches 13 is higher than the highest water level height of the saline-alkali pond 2.
The treatment counter bore and the side walls of a plurality of salt discharge ditches 13 are laid and connectedThe original soil layer 9 of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated is completely isolatedDefend Permeable geomembrane 7。
Administer the counterbore in backfill have administered the earthwork, administer the earthwork and include planting soil layer 41 and the rubble bed course 42 of downside of upside, rubble bed course 42 covers salt drain ditch 13 and salt discharge pipe 3, administer vertical pre-buried a plurality of inspection shafts 8 in the earthwork, 8 upper ends of inspection shaft stretch out and administer the earthwork upside, 8 lower extremes of inspection shaft stretch into the 11 bottoms in arbor planting district of administering the counterbore, 8 upper ends of inspection shaft are equipped with concrete well lid 81.
The planting soil layer 41 for governing the earthwork is excavated with a plurality of tree holes, the side wall of each tree hole is supported by a prefabricated sleeve 5, and the prefabricated sleeve 5 is formed by combining two semi-cylindrical bodies 51.
The vertical lateral wall edge of semicylinder 51 both sides outwards extends spacing portion 53, and the spacing portion 53 of two semicylinders 51 corresponds the combination and becomes the spacing arch of prefabricated sleeve 5 both sides, and prefabricated sleeve 5 still includes two buckles 52, opens in two buckles 52 have with spacing protruding complex spacing groove.
The construction process of the native square structure comprises the following steps:
a) deep excavation of earth
Excavating earthwork of the treatment counter bore and the salt discharge ditch 13 in the construction range, and distinguishing according to the difference of the preset elevations of the arbor planting area 11 and the shrub planting area 12.
b) Laying impermeable geomembrane 7
And (3) laying an anti-seepage geomembrane 7 after excavating to a design elevation, carrying out hot-melt welding between the anti-seepage geomembranes 7, and completely isolating the local cubic structure from the underground undisturbed saline-alkali soil through the anti-seepage geomembrane 7 so as to ensure the survival rate of later-stage plants.
c) Laying salt discharge pipes 3 and embedding inspection wells 8
The salt discharge pipe 3 is laid above the anti-seepage geomembrane 7 (the distance is 10m, 2% of the slope in the direction of the saline-alkali pool 2 is discharged into the saline-alkali pool 2), and the salt discharge pipe plays a role in discharging water, so that saline and alkali in soil are taken away.
Wherein, do not select sand cement pipe, plain concrete pipe, soft spring pipe to select for use before the salt discharging pipe 3 more, wherein use most no sand cement pipe, its salt discharging alkali effect is better, but easy breakage, and the cost is higher. The novel seepage and drainage material water-permeable blind pipe is formed under special forming process conditions, has a space net structure with good bearing capacity, is a seepage and drainage geosynthetic material with extremely high surface aperture ratio and internal porosity, and has the functions of water permeability, water filtration and drainage. The blind ditch is composed of a plastic core body and geotechnical cloth, the appearance of the blind ditch is like that of the loofah sponge, the defects of the traditional blind ditch are overcome, and the blind ditch has very good applicability proved in practical engineering application.
The salt discharge pipe 3-way layout mode is generally characterized in that the method adopted for arranging the salt discharge pipe 3 ways is as follows: and (3) burying a salt discharge pipe 3 net with certain density in the ground with the depth of 1m in the greening land mass for underground water discharge. The salt discharge pipe 3 can adopt a permeable blind pipe with the diameter of 150mm or 100mm, the pipe interval is about 10m, and the pipes are connected by a rigid interface so as to prevent soil from being brought into and blocking the permeable pipe wall in the water seepage process. The native square structure adopts the slope 1.5% -2% and can satisfy the drainage requirement because the road is shorter, selects great laying slope.
The inspection well 8 is vertically buried, is used for observing the saline and alkaline condition of the field soil in the later period, masters the saline and alkaline change condition of the soil, and can pump and discharge the saline and alkaline simultaneously.
The inspection well 8 is the pivot of native square structural connection, can be used for pipeline inspection, washed sand, wash, ventilate to can monitor whether the pipeline operation is normal, the interval of inspection well 8 is 30 ~ 40m generally. The native square structure adopts plastics drainage inspection shaft 8 as row salt inspection shaft 8, and every inspection shaft 8 sets up 300mm deep grit groove, has obtained better effect in-service use.
d) Backfill gravel cushion 42
And after the impermeable geomembrane 7 and the salt discharge pipe 3 are paved, backfilling a gravel cushion layer 42 with the thickness of 200 mm.
e) Anti-seepage geomembrane 7 wrapping edge
And laying an anti-seepage geomembrane 7 bound edge on the gravel.
f) Backfilling planting soil layer 41
And after early salt removal measures are completed, backfilling the original soil to the designed planting soil elevation, watering and irrigating the original soil after backfilling is completed, thoroughly watering, and removing salt and alkali.
Scientific irrigation is another important measure for ensuring the desalting effect, after the trees, flowers and plants are planted in the saline-alkali soil, firstly 1 time of water permeation is poured, then 2 times of water permeation is respectively poured every 7-10 d, soil is loosened in time after each time of water permeation, and tree pit sealing is carried out after 3 times of water permeation, so that water can be preserved, and salt return and alkali return can be prevented. And in the later watering, reasonable watering is carried out according to the weather and the tree growth condition, and the watering is carried out thoroughly every time, but the watering frequency cannot be too frequent.
Backfilling planting soil, fertilizing, enriching soil nutrition, and deeply tedding (improving soil water permeability, enhancing water drainage and salt discharge capacity).
g) Vegetation planting
Planting vegetation according to a design drawing;
and (3) seedling on the upper layer: and the step of digging the tree pit is that the prefabricated sleeve 5 is used for stabilizing the peripheral soil, and the sleeve is taken out for recycling after backfilling is finished.
Lower layer nursery stock: reasonable topdressing, avoiding insolation as much as possible and ensuring the survival rate.
h) Maintenance period
And regularly detecting the saline alkali condition of the soil, observing the growth condition of the trees, and finishing.
j) And (3) stocking wild ducks and fish in the saline-alkali pond 2.
k) The high-concentration saline-alkali water discharged to the saline-alkali pool 2 through the local cubic structure can be used for drying salt and fishing nitrate by a conventional method.
In addition, a water collecting tank can be arranged outside the local cubic structure to collect external rainwater and guide the rainwater into the saline-alkali soil, and an inverted siphon method can also be adopted for guiding the rainwater into the saline-alkali soil.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that: the salt discharge pipe 3 in the soil layer of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated close to one side of the revetment is provided with an inverted siphon structure.
The inverted siphon structure comprises two vertical pipes 31 and a horizontal pipe 32, the horizontal height of the horizontal pipe 32 is lower than that of the salt discharge pipe 3, the lower ends of the two vertical pipes 31 are communicated with the two ends of the horizontal pipe 32 respectively, and the upper ends of the two vertical pipes 31 are communicated with the salt discharge pipe 3 interrupted respectively.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5 to 6
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that: the salt discharge pipe close to the revetment is provided with a one-way limiting component.
The 3 terminal surfaces of salt discharge pipe that stretch out the revetment outside are the inclined plane, and the relative vertical face of 3 terminal surfaces of salt discharge pipe has the inclination, and one-way restriction subassembly is established in this 3 terminal surfaces of salt discharge pipe department, and one-way restriction subassembly includes valve plate 33, and valve plate 33 upper end articulates in the 3 outer wall upper ends of salt discharge pipe, and valve plate 3 can cover salt discharge pipe terminal surface completely.
During normal state, receive self action of gravity valve plate 33 and cover salt discharging pipe terminal surface completely, have saline and alkaline water in the salt discharging pipe after, saline and alkaline water can promote valve plate 33 smoothly and overturn upwards, and saline and alkaline water emits into the salt alkali pond smoothly promptly.
When the water level of the saline-alkali pond is too high, the valve plate 33 covers the end face of the salt discharge pipe under the action of water pressure, and water in the saline-alkali pond is prevented from flowing backwards into the local cubic structure.
Example four
As shown in fig. 7
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that: the two semicylinders are respectively a first semicylinder 51a and a second semicylinder 51b, the edges of the vertical side walls on both sides of the first semicylinder 51a extend outwards to form ear plates 52a, the edges of the vertical side walls on both sides of the second semicylinder 51b extend outwards to form ear plate seats 53a, and the ear plate seats 53a of the second semicylinder 51b are provided with ear plate grooves matched with the ear plates of the first semicylinder 51 a.
EXAMPLE five
As shown in fig. 8
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that: the earthwork cloth 71 is laid between the planting soil layer 41 and the broken stone cushion layer 42 for treating earthwork, the planting soil layer 41 and the broken stone cushion layer 42 are separated by the earthwork cloth 71, the earthwork cloth 71 only supplies rainwater to pass through, and the planting soil layer 41 is prevented from being brought into the broken stone cushion layer 42 by rainwater to block the salt discharge pipe 3.
The foregoing is only about five embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An earthwork structure for ecological improvement of saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that:
the saline-alkali land saline-alkali pond comprises a treatment counter bore excavated in a saline-alkali land region to be treated and a saline-alkali pond beside the saline-alkali land region to be treated, wherein a revetment is formed between the saline-alkali land region to be treated and the saline-alkali pond;
the treatment counter bore is internally divided into a plurality of arbor planting areas and a plurality of shrub planting areas, the arbor planting areas and the shrub planting areas are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the horizontal height of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the arbor planting area is lower than that of the bottom wall of the treatment counter bore in the shrub planting area;
the bottom of the treatment counter bore is also provided with a plurality of salt discharge ditches, the level height of the bottom of each salt discharge ditch is higher than the highest water level height of the saline-alkali pool, the side walls of the treatment counter bore and the salt discharge ditches are paved with anti-seepage geomembranes which are completely isolated from the original soil layer of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated, salt discharge pipes are paved in the salt discharge ditches, the end parts of the salt discharge pipes penetrate through the anti-seepage geomembranes and the soil layer of the saline-alkali soil area to be treated and extend out of the revetment outside, and the surfaces of the salt discharge;
and the treatment counter bore is backfilled with treatment earthwork.
2. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the earthwork treatment device comprises a planting soil layer on the upper side and a broken stone cushion layer on the lower side, wherein the broken stone cushion layer covers the salt discharge ditch and the salt discharge pipe.
3. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
a plurality of inspection wells are vertically pre-buried in the treatment earthwork, the upper ends of the inspection wells extend out of the upper side of the treatment earthwork, and the lower ends of the inspection wells extend into the bottoms of arbor planting areas of the treatment counter bores.
4. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the planting soil layer for treating the earthwork is excavated to form a plurality of tree pits, the side wall of each tree pit is provided with a prefabricated sleeve, and each prefabricated sleeve is formed by combining two semicircular cylinders.
5. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving the saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein:
the vertical lateral wall edge of semicircle barrel both sides outwards extends limited part, and the spacing portion of two semicylinders corresponds the combination and becomes the spacing arch of prefabricated sleeve both sides, and prefabricated sleeve still includes two buckles, and it has the spacing groove with spacing protruding complex to open in two buckles.
6. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the salt discharge pipe is a PVC-U permeable pipe.
7. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the saline pipe in the saline-alkali soil layer of the area to be treated near one side of the revetment is provided with an inverted siphon structure, the inverted siphon structure comprises two vertical pipes and a horizontal pipe, the horizontal height of the horizontal pipe is lower than that of the saline pipe, the lower ends of the two vertical pipes are communicated with the two ends of the horizontal pipe respectively, and the upper ends of the two vertical pipes are communicated with the saline pipe which is interrupted respectively.
8. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the salt discharge pipe end face stretching out of the revetment outside is an inclined face, the relative vertical face of the salt discharge pipe end face has an inclination angle, the salt discharge pipe end portion is further provided with a one-way limiting assembly, the one-way limiting assembly comprises a valve plate, the upper end of the valve plate is hinged to the upper end of the outer wall of the salt discharge pipe, and the valve plate can completely cover the salt discharge pipe end face.
9. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving the saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein:
the two semicircular cylinders are respectively a first semicircular cylinder and a second semicircular cylinder, the edges of the vertical side walls on the two sides of the first semicircular cylinder extend outwards to form ear plates, the edges of the vertical side walls on the two sides of the second semicircular cylinder extend outwards to form ear plate seats, and the ear plate seats of the second semicircular cylinder are provided with ear plate grooves matched with the ear plates of the first semicircular cylinder.
10. The earthwork structure for ecologically improving saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
and earthwork cloth is laid between the planting soil layer for treating earthwork and the gravel cushion layer.
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