CN108625157A - 一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，包括步骤：(1)硫酸铜、硝酸银溶液加入水，再加入JFC和阻染剂，混合均匀，加入硫酸调节PH值。(2)在配置好的化学反应浴中加入腈纶纱或腈纶织物，加入硫代硫酸钠溶液、亚硫酸钠、酒石酸钾钠溶液，在容器内运转30min后，按照升温曲线升温，100℃下保温60min，以1℃/min的降温速率降温，到60℃用温水洗净，脱水、烘干。(3)对烘干后的导电腈纶纱采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽涂料进行涂层整理，织造后得到耐水洗电磁屏蔽织物；对烘干后的导电腈纶织物采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽涂料进行涂层整理。采用本发明提供的方法制备的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物水洗10次后屏蔽效能仍能满足使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，特别涉及一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法。
背景技术
电磁屏蔽织物具有良好的导电性能，又能保持织物材料透气、柔韧、可折叠、粘结等特性，可制成屏蔽服、屏蔽帐篷及屏蔽室材料等，以保障人身、信息安全等，是理想的电磁屏蔽材料。
按照制备工艺不同，电磁屏蔽织物可分为：(1）金属纤维混纺织物。主要通过导电金属纤维与普通纤维混纺织造而成。常用的金属纤维为不锈钢纤维。此类电磁屏蔽织物市场占有率约1/4。但由于在纺织过程中，金属纤维本身比重较大、梳理过程易损耗及抗弯强度差等，采用该方法制备的电磁屏蔽织物屏蔽性能不高，一般在15～40dB。采用此类电磁屏蔽织物制成的服装可以水洗2～3次，再洗金属纤维会脱落。(2)表面镀金属的电磁屏蔽织物。这类屏蔽材料是在织物表面附着一层导电层，主要通过反射损耗达到屏蔽目的。常用的制备技术包括化学镀、电镀、真空镀、磁控溅射镀(等离子电镀)等。化学镀和电镀主要是将Cu、Ag、Ni、Al等相应离子镀液通过氧化还原方法，将金属粒子镀覆在织物表面，Cu、Ag、Al、Ni等主要通过织物表面的金属材料反射达到屏蔽电磁波。表面镀电磁屏蔽织物的市场占有率超过1/2，其中民用产品中镀银织物用量最大。采用镀银织物制成的屏蔽服装不能水洗，其他金属化织物则因容易折断，只能采用刷洗，禁止揉搓。(3)多离子纤维电磁屏蔽织物。它是以腈纶纤维或其他接入氰基的纤维为载体，采用不同配方和加工工艺，在纤维表面和内部引入大量功能离子的织物。多离子纤维屏蔽织物的屏蔽机理，是靠电子空穴跳动而吸收电磁能，将其转化成无害的热能，因此无二次污染问题。采用腈纶纤维制成的多离子纤维电磁屏蔽织物，除具有电磁屏蔽功能外，还具有抗菌性，但不耐水洗，易褪色，在空气中容易受到氧化，造成性能退化，目前市场占有率1/6不到。
综上，目前市场上的电磁屏蔽织物耐水洗性差，尚没有耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法。
发明内容
为了提供一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，本发明包括以下步骤：
(1)配置化学反应浴。硫酸铜和硝酸银溶液加入水，搅拌均匀，再加入JFC和阻染剂，混合均匀后，加入硫酸调节PH值。
(2)制备导电腈纶纱或导电腈纶织物。在配置好的化学反应浴中加入腈纶纱或腈纶织物，然后加入硫代硫酸钠溶液、亚硫酸钠溶液、酒石酸钾钠溶液，在容器内运转30min后，按照升温曲线升温，直到100℃，100℃下保温60min后，再以1℃/min的降温速率降温，降到60℃，用温水洗净，然后脱水、烘干。
(3)对导电腈纶纱或织物进行后整理。对烘干后的导电腈纶纱采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，织造后得到耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物；对烘干后的导电腈纶织物采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，得到耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物。
在本发明提供的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法中，采用的升温曲线为：起始温度(室温)→25℃保持5min→30℃保持10min→35℃保持15min→40℃保持20min→45℃保持25min→50℃保持40min→55℃保持20min→60℃保持20min→65℃保持20min→70℃保持25min→75℃保持40min→80℃保持50min→85℃保持40min→90℃保持40min→95℃保持30min→100℃保持60min，室温～75℃的升温速率为1℃/min，75℃～85℃的升温速率为0.5℃/min，85℃～100℃的升温速率为1℃/min。
在本发明提供的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法中，化学反应浴中各成分及其含量为：腈纶纱或织物100g；硫酸铜25％～35％；硝酸银1～2％；酒石酸钾钠2～3％；硫代硫酸钠20％～30％；亚硫酸钠1％～3％；JFC0.2～0.7％；阻染剂0.1～0.3％；硫酸调整PH值为2；浴比为1∶50；所有的比值均为与腈纶纱或织物质量的比值。
在本发明提供的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法中，采用的阻染剂为1227或CD。
在本发明提供的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法中，采用的石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料包括60～75W％水、0.1～0.2W％曾稠剂、0.5～1.0W％润湿分散剂、0.06～0.08W％PH调节剂、1.0～2.0W％石墨烯，乳液为11～20W％。
在本发明提供的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法中，涂层整理工艺为浸-轧-烘干。
有益效果：按照GB/T23463-2009，将生产加工的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物制成常见的电磁屏蔽服装，放入全自动洗衣机中并倒入2ml中性洗衣液，选择标准洗涤模式，水温为室温，被洗物与水的重量比约为1∶50，洗涤10次后，服装外观没有明显变化，洗涤后的服装电磁屏蔽效能仍高于30dB，能够满足公众服装的要求。电磁屏蔽效能降低在可接受范围内。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在本实施例中，腈纶纱为购自上海金山腈纶厂的常规21s纱线。所用试剂均为工业一级，在使用过程中无需进一步提纯。
配方中的浴比和各化学试剂的百分比均为与腈纶纱质量的比值。具体配方如下：腈纶纱100g；硫酸铜25％～35％；硝酸银1～2％；酒石酸钾钠2～3％；硫代硫酸钠20％～30％；亚硫酸钠1％～3％；渗透剂JFC0.2～0.7％；阳离子表面活性剂1227为0.1～0.3％；用硫酸调整PH值为2。浴比为1∶50。
在实施例中，升温速率为0.5℃/min，降温速率为1℃/min，升温曲线为：起始温度(室温)→25℃保持5min→30℃保持10min→35℃保持15min→40℃保持20min→45℃保持25min→50℃保持40min→55℃保持20min→60℃保持20min→65℃保持20min→70℃保持25min→75℃保持40min→80℃保持50min→85℃保持40min→90℃保持40min→95℃保持30min→100℃保持60min。室温～75℃的升温速率为1℃/min，75℃～85℃的升温速率为0.5℃/min，85℃～100℃的升温速率为1℃/min。
操作步骤如下：(1)硫酸铜和硝酸银溶液中加入需要量的水，搅拌均匀，再加入JFC和1227，混合均匀，加入硫酸调节PH值为2。(2)加入购买的腈纶纱，在容器中运转30min后，逐次加入硫代硫酸钠溶液、亚硫酸钠溶液、酒石酸钾钠溶液，运转30min后按照升温曲线升温，直到100℃。(3)在100℃保温60min后，以1℃/min的降温速率降温，降到60℃，用温水洗净、脱水、烘干。(4)自制石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料：水60～75W％；增稠剂0.1～0.2W％，便于渗透；润湿分散剂0.5～1.0W％，现配现用，不贮存；PH调节剂0.06～0.08W％，精确控制；石墨烯1.0～2.0W％。乳液11～20W％，成膜保护。(5)对烘干后的导电腈纶纱采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，工艺过程为浸-轧-烘干。(6)将涂层整理后的导电腈纶纱在常规针织或机织设备上加工成耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物。
将生产加工的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物制成常见的电磁屏蔽服装放入全自动洗衣机中进行水洗实验，洗涤标准参照GB/T23463-2009，倒入2ml中性洗衣液，选择标准洗涤模式，水温为室温，被洗物与水的重量比约为1∶50，洗涤10次后，服装外观没有明显变化。采用同轴法和屏蔽室法测试洗涤前后服装的电磁屏蔽效能，结果如表1、表2所示。
表1 耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物水洗前后的屏蔽效能变化(同轴法)
表2 耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物水洗前后的屏蔽效能变化(屏蔽室法)
实施例2
在本实施例中，原料为购自上海金山腈纶厂的常规21s纱线，在常规针织和机织设备上分别自制成针织织物、机织织物。所用试剂均为工业一级，在使用过程中无需进一步提纯。配方中的浴比和各化学试剂的百分比均为与腈纶布质量的比值。
具体配方如下：腈纶织物100g；硫酸铜25％～35％；硝酸银1～2％；酒石酸钾钠2～3％；硫代硫酸钠20％～30％；亚硫酸钠1％～3％；JFC0.2～0.7％；1227或CD、RCT为0.1～0.3％；用硫酸调整PH值为2。浴比为1∶50。
在实施例中，升温曲线为：起始温度(室温)→25℃保持5min→30℃保持10min→35℃保持15min→40℃保持20min→45℃保持25min→50℃保持40min→55℃保持20min→60℃保持20min→65℃保持20min→70℃保持25min→75℃保持40min→80℃保持50min→85℃保持40min→90℃保持40min→95℃保持30min→100℃保持60min。室温～75℃的升温速率为1℃/min，75℃～85℃的升温速率为0.5℃/min，85℃～100℃的升温速率为1℃/min。
操作步骤如下：(1)硫酸铜和硝酸银溶液中加入需要量的水，搅拌均匀，再加入JFC和CD，混合均匀，加入硫酸调节PH值为2。(2)加入自制的腈纶织物，运转30min，逐次加入硫代硫酸钠溶液、亚硫酸钠溶液、酒石酸钾钠溶液，运转30min后按照升温曲线升温，直到100℃。(3)在100℃保温60min后，按照1℃/min的降温速率降温，降到60℃，用温水洗净、脱水、烘干。(4)自制石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料：水60～75W％；增稠剂0.1～0.2W％，便于渗透；润湿分散剂0.5～1.0W％，现配现用，不贮存；PH调节剂0.06～0.08W％，精确控制；石墨烯1.0～2.0W％。乳液11～20W％，成膜保护。(5)对烘干后的导电腈纶织物采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，工艺过程为浸-轧-烘干。
洗涤标准参照GB/T23463-2009，将生产加工的耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物制成常见的电磁屏蔽服装，放入全自动洗衣机中并倒入2ml中性洗衣液，选择标准洗涤模式，水温为室温，被洗物与水的重量比约为1∶50，洗涤10次后，服装外观没有明显变化。洗涤前后的电磁屏蔽效能变化如表3、表4所示。
表3 耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物水洗前后的屏蔽效能变化(同轴法)
表4 耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物水洗前后的屏蔽效能变化(屏蔽室法)
Claims (6)
1.一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配置化学反应浴。硫酸铜和硝酸银溶液加入水，搅拌均匀，再加入JFC和阻染剂，混合均匀后，加入硫酸调节PH值。
(2)制备导电腈纶纱或导电腈纶织物。在配置好的化学反应浴中加入腈纶纱或腈纶织物，然后加入硫代硫酸钠溶液、亚硫酸钠溶液、酒石酸钾钠溶液，在容器内运转30min后，按照升温曲线升温，直到100℃，100℃下保温60min后，再以1℃/min的降温速率降温，降到60℃，用温水洗净，然后脱水、烘干。
(3)对导电腈纶纱或导电腈纶织物进行后整理。对烘干后的导电腈纶纱采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，织造后得到耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物；对烘干后的导电腈纶织物采用石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料进行涂层整理，得到耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，其特征在于所述的升温曲线为：起始温度(室温)→25℃保持5min→30℃保持10min→35℃保持15min→40℃保持20min→45℃保持25min→50℃保持40min→55℃保持20min→60℃保持20min→65℃保持20min→70℃保持25min→75℃保持30min→80℃保持50min→85℃保持40min→90℃保持30min→95℃保持30min→100℃保持60min，室温～75℃的升温速率为1℃/min，75℃～85℃的升温速率为0.5℃/min，85℃～100℃的升温速率为1℃/min。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，其特征在于化学反应浴中各成分及其含量为：腈纶纱或织物100g；硫酸铜25％～35％；硝酸银1～2％；酒石酸钾钠2～3％；硫代硫酸钠20％～30％；亚硫酸钠1％～3％；JFC0.2～0.7％；阻染剂0.1～0.3％；硫酸调整PH值为2；浴比为1∶50；所有的比值均为与腈纶纱或织物质量的比值。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，其特征在于所述的阻染剂为1227或CD。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，其特征在于所述的石墨烯基水性电磁屏蔽用涂料包括60～75W％水、0.1～0.2W％增稠剂、0.5～1.0W％润湿分散剂、0.06～0.08W％PH调节剂、1.0～2.0W％石墨烯，乳液为11～20W％。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种耐水洗型电磁屏蔽织物的生产方法，其特征在于所述的涂层整理为浸-轧-烘干。
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