CN108617381B

CN108617381B - Application of mist system in loquat stress-resistant cultivation

Info

Publication number: CN108617381B
Application number: CN201810352179.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈俊伟; 李晓颖; 徐红霞
Original assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-04-19
Filing date: 2018-04-19
Publication date: 2020-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-19
Also published as: CN108617381A

Abstract

The invention provides an application of a mist system in loquat stress-resistant cultivation, and relates to the field of agricultural planting, by utilizing the method, the average fruit setting rate of each cluster of white flesh loquats which are easy to freeze in normal years can reach 7-8, and the average fruit setting rate of the white flesh loquats in extremely cold years can reach 2-3, so that the yield of white sand loquats is basically ensured not to be influenced by freezing damage, and compared with a white sand loquats garden without applying the technology, the freezing damage loss is reduced by 20-40%, and the yield is increased by more than 30%; in the summer maturation period, the sunscald rate of fruits in the loquat garden is within 10%, the commodity rate is more than 80%, the effect is even better than that of bagging, while in an orchard without using fogging, the sunscald rate is 30-40% when the fruits are seriously sunscald, and the commodity rate is lower than 50%. The loquat garden can effectively prevent freeze injury and sunburn of the loquats by using the atomizing system.

Description

Application of mist system in loquat stress-resistant cultivation

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to application of a dense fog system in stress-resistant cultivation of loquats.

Background

Loquat is classified into red sand (yellow flesh) and white sand (white flesh) according to the color of the flesh. The Baisha variety is more and more popular with consumers because of its tender meat, sweet and honey-like taste and strong flavor, and its price is much higher than that of the Hongsha variety, thus becoming an important fruit tree crop species for Zhejiang benefit agriculture. At present, the market price of the Zhejiang white sand loquat variety is 40-80 yuan/kg, which is far higher than that of the red sand variety by 16-20 yuan/kg. However, compared with the red sand loquats, the white sand loquats are easy to be frozen in the flowering phase and the young fruit phase, the fruits in the mature phase are easy to be sunburned, and the stress resistance is poor, so that the cultivation cost is increased. The yield of the white sand loquats is seriously damaged when the white sand loquats meet adverse weather. The loquat flowers and fruits in autumn and winter, and flowers and young fruits spend the coldest winter in one year. Therefore, the freezing injury is an important factor influencing the yield when the loquat is cultivated in northern subtropical areas such as Zhejiang. Most white sand varieties have a flowering period of 11-12 months, are about 1 month earlier than red sand varieties, and are mostly young fruits in the coldest 1 month. Because the young fruits are frozen at the temperature of minus 3 ℃, the buds can resist the low temperature of minus 6 ℃. Therefore, the white meat is more easily frozen than the yellow meat, which results in yield reduction and even no harvest. Therefore, the freeze injury is one of important factors for restricting the yield increase of the white sand loquats and the enlargement of the planting area.

In addition, the eriobotrya japonica is fine in pulp and thin in peel, and the surface of the fruit is easily exposed to direct strong light during fruit ripening to cause sunburn, so that the fruit presents black brown irregular depressions. The sunscald fruits are easy to rot and lose commodity in rainy and humid weather, so that the yield is reduced and the income is reduced. At present, the greenhouse facility with the external sunshade is an effective measure for preventing frostbite in winter and preventing sunscald in the mature period of the white sand loquats, but the traditional facility cultivation application still has a plurality of restrictions: (1) the landform limitation is that the method can only be applied to flat ground, and the white sand loquat cultivation area is mainly in mountain land; (2) the investment is huge, 7-8 ten thousand yuan is needed per mu, and not all fruit growers can bear the fertilizer; (3) the humiture management is complicated, needs to open and close the canopy every day, wastes time and energy, and is not cost-effective to small-scale planting.

Therefore, freeze injury and sunscald become key barrier factors for restricting the yield and the benefit of the white sand loquats, and how to develop an effective anti-freezing and anti-sunscald technology becomes a problem to be solved urgently for the cultivation of the white sand loquats.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an application of a fog dispersal system in loquat adversity-resistant cultivation, a greenhouse facility with an external sunshade is not arranged in a loquat orchard, the temperature is adjusted by utilizing fog, and frost prevention, temperature increase, freezing prevention and temperature reduction in a mature period are realized.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides an application of a mist system in loquat stress-resistant cultivation.

Preferably, the application time of the mist system comprises winter.

Preferably, the starting conditions of the mist system include: the field temperature is lower than 2 ℃.

Preferably, the time of application of the mist system includes summer.

Preferably, the open condition of the mist system comprises: the temperature is higher than 30 ℃.

Preferably, the mist system comprises a mist making system and a mist control system, and the mist control system is connected with the mist making system through a network cable.

Preferably, the mist production system comprises the following components: the atomizing spray head comprises a water storage tank, a filter, a submersible pump, an atomizing nozzle and an atomizing spray head, wherein the water storage tank, the submersible pump, the filter and the atomizing nozzle are sequentially connected through pipelines.

Preferably, the mist control system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a control box, a pressure sensor and a one-way valve.

Preferably, the pressure sensor, the one-way valve and the electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the main pipe and connected with the control box through data lines.

Preferably, the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the field and transmits temperature and humidity data to the control box through a data line.

According to the invention, the atomizing system is applied to the loquat adversity-resistant cultivation, greenhouse facilities with external sunshade can not be arranged in a loquat orchard, and through the application of the atomizing system, heat can be released when water vapor is condensed into water in winter, the temperature of a garden is increased, meanwhile, the application of the atomizing system can prevent frost on the surfaces of loquat flower clusters and fruit clusters, and the freezing injury of loquat flowers and young fruits in winter is greatly reduced; the average fruit setting rate of each cluster of the white sand loquats which are easy to freeze can reach 7-8 in normal years, the average fruit setting rate of the white sand loquats in extremely severe cold can reach 2-3 in extremely severe cold years, the yield of the white sand loquats can be ensured not to be influenced by freezing damage after a mist system is used, and compared with a white sand loquats garden which does not apply the technology, the freezing damage loss is reduced by 20-40%, and the yield is increased by more than 30%; in the mature period, the white sand loquats are easily damaged by sunburn, the sunburn reaches 30-40% when serious, the commodity fruit rate is lower than 50%, after a mist system is used, a large amount of heat is taken away when mist spray volatilizes, the temperature of a park is reduced, the sunburn of the loquats is controlled, the sunburn rate of the fruits in the loquats park is within 10%, the commodity rate is over 80%, the sunburn protection effect is remarkable, and meanwhile, the cost of arranging greenhouse facilities with external sunshade can be reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the installation position of a temperature and humidity sensor and a controller;

FIG. 2 is a view of the structure of the atomizer;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the distribution of field nozzles and the installation positions of electromagnetic valves;

fig. 4 is a plan view of the structure of the check valve and the pressure sensor.

Detailed Description

In the present invention, the mist system preferably includes a mist producing system and a mist control system, and the mist control system is connected to the mist producing system through a network cable. In the present invention, the mist production system comprises the following components: the atomizing spray head comprises a water storage tank, a filter, a submersible pump, an atomizing nozzle and an atomizing spray head, wherein the water storage tank, the submersible pump, the filter and the atomizing nozzle are sequentially connected through pipelines.

In the invention, the water storage tank is preferably a constant-temperature water storage tank in winter, more preferably the temperature is controlled to be 10-25 ℃ to prevent the spray head and the pipeline from freezing, and a conventional water storage tank is selected in summer.

In the present invention, the filter preferably includes a mesh filter, more preferably a Φ 32 mesh filter, disposed at the inlet end for removing impurities in the water storage tank to make the water flowing into the pipe cleaner, and a laminated sheet filter, the size of the pore of the Φ 32 mesh filter is preferably 5 to 10 μm; the laminated filter is preferably an FTP120/25 laminated filter, is arranged at the water outlet end of the pipeline, further removes impurities from water in the pipeline and facilitates atomization, and the size of the pores of the FTP120/25 laminated filter is preferably 5-10 μm. The brand and model of the filter in the present invention are not particularly limited, and common brands in the art may be used.

In the invention, the submersible pump is preferably a QY6-43/4-1.5 submersible pump, is placed in a water source, is connected with a filter through a pipeline and supplies water to a water storage tank, and the brand and the type of the submersible pump are not particularly limited in the invention, and common brands in the field can be utilized.

In the invention, the atomizing spray head is preferably a 1302 four-outlet atomizing spray head, the water pressure of the atomizing spray head is preferably 250Kpa, and the water yield of each spray head is preferably 24-25L/h. When mist is dispersed in winter, in order to prevent the pipeline from freezing due to low temperature in winter, the water in the capillary and the branch pipe is drained after the pipeline is used every day, and underground deep well water or temperature control heating to 20 ℃ is recommended for a water source.

In the invention, the atomizing nozzle is preferably a 1101-A single-nozzle atomizing nozzle, and more preferably, the atomized particles are required to be 20-60 mu m; the atomizing nozzles are preferably arranged on each tree, and are more preferably arranged at the positions of 30-50 cm away from the top of the tree crown.

In the invention, the water storage tank, the filter and the submersible pump are connected through a main pipeline, enter the field through a branch pipe and are connected with the atomizing nozzle through a capillary.

In the invention, the mist control system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a control box, a pressure sensor and a one-way valve. The temperature and humidity sensor, the electromagnetic valve, the pressure sensor and the one-way valve are respectively connected to the control box through data lines.

In the invention, the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably a 4-20ma temperature and humidity sensor; the temperature and humidity sensors are respectively arranged at 0.2m positions on the upper parts of crowns at the periphery and the center of a field and used for measuring the temperature and the humidity of the field in real time, in the invention, the mist is opened when the temperature is lower than 2 ℃ in winter, and the mist is opened when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ in a mature period in summer; the brand of the temperature and humidity sensor is not particularly limited, and common brands in the field can be used.

In the invention, the electromagnetic valve is preferably a dn40 electromagnetic valve and is transmitted to a dn40 electromagnetic valve intelligent control system through a network cable to decide whether to carry out atomization. In the present invention, the brand of the electromagnetic valve is not particularly limited, and a common brand in the art may be used.

In the invention, the control box is preferably a variable frequency control box, more preferably a large-size variable frequency control box, and the control box is preferably arranged indoors or at a waterproof and sun-proof position. The brand source of the control box is not particularly limited in the invention, and the control box can be made of conventional brands in the field.

In the present invention, the pressure sensor is preferably a digital pressure sensor, more preferably a CY-YZ101 digital pressure sensor, and the preferred arrangement of the pressure sensor is shown in fig. 4. The brand source of the pressure sensor in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a conventional brand in the art may be used.

In the present invention, the check valve, preferably a dn63 check valve, is preferably arranged as shown in fig. 4. The brand source of the check valve is not particularly limited in the present invention, and conventional brands in the art may be used.

In the invention, the pressure sensor, the one-way valve and the electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the main pipe and connected with the control box through the data line, and the temperature and humidity sensor is preferably arranged in the field and transmits temperature and humidity data to the control box through the data line.

In the invention, the mist control system is started according to the temperature and humidity sensor or time setting.

In the present invention, the time of application of the mist system preferably includes winter. The winter preferably refers to 11 months from late ten days to the next trimester, the winter is started when the temperature is preferably lower than 2 ℃ at night, more preferably, when the field temperature is 0-2 ℃, the atomizing is started according to the procedure of atomizing for 5min, stopping for 30min, and the atomizing is circularly carried out, and the atomizing is stopped after 8 am; when the field temperature is-3-0 ℃, increasing the time and frequency of atomization, spraying for 10min according to the atomization, stopping spraying for 15min, starting atomization, circulating, and stopping spraying after eight morning hours; when the field temperature is lower than-3 ℃, atomizing for 20min, stopping atomizing for 10min, starting atomizing, circulating, and stopping atomizing after eight morning spots. Through the atomizing application, heat can be released when water vapor condenses into water, the temperature of a garden is improved, meanwhile, the atomizing application can prevent frosting on the surfaces of loquat flower ears and fruit ears, the freezing injury of loquat flowers and young fruits in winter is greatly reduced, the freezing injury of the young fruits in winter is reduced by 20-40% after the atomizing application, the low temperature of minus 6 ℃ can be resisted, and the yield reduction caused by the low-temperature freezing injury of flowers and fruits in the current white sand loquat main production area in winter is avoided.

In the present invention, the time of application of the mist system preferably includes summer, the summer is the color change and mature period of the white sand loquat fruit, preferably from late 4 th to early 6 th, and more preferably, the mist is turned on when the summer temperature is higher than 30 ℃. More preferably, when the temperature in the loquat garden is 30-35 ℃, atomizing for 5min, stopping atomizing for 30min, and repeating the steps until the atomizing is stopped 16:00 afternoon; when the temperature in the loquat garden is 35-40 ℃, atomizing for 10min, stopping atomizing for 20min, repeating the steps, and stopping atomizing after 16:00 afternoon; when the temperature in the loquat garden is higher than 40 ℃, atomizing for 15min, stopping atomizing for 15min, repeating the steps, and stopping atomizing after 16: 00. Through the atomizing application, take away a large amount of heats when the atomizing spraying volatilizes, reduce garden temperature, the emergence of control loquat suntan controls loquat garden fruit suntan rate within 10%, and the commodity rate is more than 80%, avoids present white sand loquat principal production area because of the suntan that summer high temperature caused, has reached and has surpassed the cover bag effect even.

The application of the mist system provided by the invention in loquat stress-resistant cultivation is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the application is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

23-25 days 1 month in 2016, during severe low temperature period below-6 ℃ in the loquat production area in Zhejiang, atomizing for 5min at night every day when the field temperature is 0-2 ℃, starting atomizing according to the program of stopping 30min, circulating, and stopping atomizing after 8 am; when the field temperature is-3-0 ℃, increasing the time and frequency of atomization, spraying for 10min according to the atomization, stopping spraying for 15min, starting atomization, circulating, and stopping spraying after eight morning hours; when the field temperature is lower than-3 ℃, atomizing for 20min according to the atomizing, stopping atomizing for 10min, starting atomizing, circularly and repeatedly applying the atomizing continuously until the low temperature is finished, and ensuring that 4-8 fruits are set in each ear of the Ninghai white loquat, which belongs to normal yield; in the same year, the yield area of Zhejiang province where fogging is not applied is that less than 1 fruit is set per ear and more than 90% of the flower ears have no fruit set.

Example 2

23-25 days 1 month in 2016, during severe low temperature period below-6 ℃ in the loquat production area in Zhejiang, atomizing for 5min at night every day when the field temperature is 0-2 ℃, starting atomizing according to the program of stopping 30min, circulating, and stopping atomizing after 8 am; when the field temperature is-3-0 ℃, increasing the time and frequency of atomization, spraying for 10min according to the atomization, stopping spraying for 15min, starting atomization, circulating, and stopping spraying after eight morning hours; when the field temperature is lower than-3 ℃, atomizing for 20min according to the atomizing, stopping atomizing for 10min, and repeating until the low temperature is finished, wherein the number of the loquat fruits per spike reaches 2-5, and the normal yield is up to 60%; in the same year, the producing area of Zhejiang province where fogging is not applied is soft white sand, and less than 1 fruit is set per spike, more than 90% of the flower spikes have no fruit set.

Example 3

In the mature period of the loquat fruits in late 5 months in 2017, the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the temperature of the fruits reaches 48 ℃ after the surfaces of the fruits are irradiated by sunlight, and the fruits are seriously burned by direct sunlight. In the loquat garden with mist, the field temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the mist spraying is started according to the procedure of 5min mist spraying and 30min mist spraying stopping, the process is repeated, the mist spraying is stopped after 16:00 noon, and the field maximum temperature is below 35 ℃. The surface temperature of the fruits is always not higher than 38 ℃ through atomization, and the sunburn rate is below 5%. Compared with the loquat garden without bags, the surface temperature of the fruits reaches 48 ℃, the highest field temperature is 39 ℃, and the sun burn rate is 30%.

According to the embodiment, after the atomizing system is used, the average fruit setting rate of each cluster of the white sand loquats which are easy to freeze can reach 7-8 in normal years, and the average fruit setting rate of the white sand loquats in extremely severe cold can reach 2-3 in extremely severe cold years, so that the yield of the white sand loquats is basically ensured not to be influenced by freezing damage, the freezing damage loss is reduced by 20-40% and the yield is increased by more than 30% compared with a white sand loquats garden without the application of the technology; the mist is applied when the fruit is at the mature period of more than 30 ℃, the loquat fruits basically have no sunscald, the sunscald without the mist reaches more than 30 percent, and the yield loss is 40 percent. The atomizing system has good anti-freezing and anti-sunburn effects in the stress-resistant cultivation of the loquats.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a mist system in the stress-resistant cultivation of the loquats;

the application time of the mist system comprises winter;

the starting conditions of the mist system in winter include: the field temperature is lower than 2 ℃; when the field temperature is 0-2 ℃, atomizing for 5min according to the atomizing procedure, stopping atomizing for 30min, starting atomizing circularly, and stopping atomizing after 8 am; when the field temperature is-3-0 ℃, increasing the time and frequency of atomization, spraying for 10min according to the atomization, stopping spraying for 15min, starting atomization, circulating, and stopping spraying after eight morning hours; when the field temperature is lower than-3 ℃, atomizing for 20min according to the atomizing spraying procedure, stopping atomizing for 10min, circulating and reciprocating, and stopping atomizing after eight morning spots;

the application time of the mist system comprises summer;

the open condition of the mist system in summer comprises: the temperature is higher than 30 ℃; when the temperature in the loquat garden is 30-35 ℃, atomizing for 5min, stopping atomizing for 30min, and stopping atomizing after 16:00 afternoon; when the temperature in the loquat garden is 35-40 ℃, atomizing for 10min, stopping atomizing for 20min, repeating the steps, and stopping atomizing after 16:00 afternoon; when the temperature in the loquat garden is higher than 40 ℃, atomizing for 15min, stopping atomizing for 15min, repeating the steps, and stopping atomizing after 16:00 afternoon;

the atomizing system comprises an atomizing manufacturing system and an atomizing control system, and the atomizing control system is connected with the atomizing manufacturing system through a network cable;

the mist production system comprises the following components: the atomizing spray head is connected with the water storage tank through a pipeline;

the mist control system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a control box, a pressure sensor and a one-way valve;

the pressure sensor, the one-way valve and the electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the main pipe and are connected with the control box through data lines;

the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the field and transmits temperature and humidity data to the control box through the data line.