CN108607594A - 一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料 - Google Patents
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料,包括以下步骤:(1)制备氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;(2)制备预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;(3)制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;(4)制备碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中;(7)制备铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料。本发明的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料具有较高的导电性和较高的催化性能和能量存储性能;可用作高性能催化剂材料以及锂离子电池、太阳能电池等新能源器件的理想电极材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电催化材料,具体是一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料。
背景技术
碳纳米纤维秉承了碳纳米材料优异的物理化学性能,如优异的力学性能、高的比表面积和良好的化学稳定性等,这些特殊性质使其广泛应用于催化剂载体、高分子纳米复合材料、能量转换与储存器件的柔性基底材料等领域。静电纺丝是一种简单而有效制备碳纳米纤维的技术,通过高压静电将聚合物溶液进行纺丝,再进行预氧化和高温碳化可制备得到具有三维多孔结构和高比表面积的静电纺碳纳米纤维膜。
自2004年英国曼彻斯特大学的安德烈 · 盖姆和康斯坦丁 · 诺沃肖罗夫两位科学家发现并制备了石墨烯,但是当时的制备方法是通过简单的机械剥离法。而石墨烯的性能引起了广泛的重视,所以需要大量的石墨烯,简单的机械剥离已经无法满足石墨烯的需求量。目前,石墨烯的制备方法有很多种,但制备出的石墨烯存在着相应的缺陷,破坏了其完美六元环的结构,使其性能降低,限制了其广泛应用。为了减少缺陷,对石墨烯的制备,修饰掺杂或者复合成为研究的热点。
铁酸铜由于对环境无污染,且比较稳定而被广泛应用的电极材料(FacileFabrication of Hierarchically Porous CuFe2O4Nanospheres with EnhancedCapacitance Property.ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2013.5(13):6030-6037.)。但铁酸铜因自身的结构而存在着相应的缺陷。
为了使复合电催化材料的性能提高,将碳纳米纤维、氮掺杂石墨烯与铁酸铜进行复合,可以实现三者之间良好的协同作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨在混合溶剂中超声分散,得到分散均匀的氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;
(2)将聚丙烯腈粉末加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,持续搅拌,得到均一的粘稠分散液;将得到的聚丙烯腈分散液进行静电纺丝,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;将聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在空气气氛下进行预氧化,得到预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;
(3)将所得预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液里浸泡,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(4)将所得聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜在惰性气体保护下进行高温碳化,得到碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:(5-7),超声分散时间为1-2h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为(3-5):1,搅拌分散时间为1-2h;
(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌30-50min,使其分散均匀,其中尿素与盐溶液的质量比为1:1;
(7)将上步所得物与碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜按照1:100混合,并进行溶剂热反应,得到铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料;
(8)将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯多次洗涤、干燥后即得。
作为本发明进一步的方案:氮掺杂石墨烯中氮的掺杂量为2-6%。
作为本发明进一步的方案:聚丙烯腈粉末与氧化石墨的质量比为(80-100):1。
作为本发明进一步的方案:步骤(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:6,超声分散时间为1.5h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为4:1,搅拌分散时间为1.3h。
作为本发明进一步的方案:步骤(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌40min,使其分散均匀。
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明制备的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料具有较高的导电性和较高的催化性能和能量存储性能;将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯进行有效复合,可使三者的优势得以充分发挥,从而构建了新型高性能复合材料,可用作高性能催化剂材料以及锂离子电池、太阳能电池等新能源器件的理想电极材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨在混合溶剂中超声分散,得到分散均匀的氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;氮掺杂石墨烯中氮的掺杂量为2%;
(2)将聚丙烯腈粉末加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,持续搅拌,得到均一的粘稠分散液;将得到的聚丙烯腈分散液进行静电纺丝,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;将聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在空气气氛下进行预氧化,得到预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;聚丙烯腈粉末与氧化石墨的质量比为80:1;
(3)将所得预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液里浸泡,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(4)将所得聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜在惰性气体保护下进行高温碳化,得到碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:5,超声分散时间为1h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为3:1,搅拌分散时间为1h;
(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌30min,使其分散均匀,其中尿素与盐溶液的质量比为1:1;
(7)将上步所得物与碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜按照1:100混合,并进行溶剂热反应,得到铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料;
(8)将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯多次洗涤、干燥后即得。
实施例2
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨在混合溶剂中超声分散,得到分散均匀的氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;氮掺杂石墨烯中氮的掺杂量为6%;
(2)将聚丙烯腈粉末加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,持续搅拌,得到均一的粘稠分散液;将得到的聚丙烯腈分散液进行静电纺丝,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;将聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在空气气氛下进行预氧化,得到预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;聚丙烯腈粉末与氧化石墨的质量比为100:1;
(3)将所得预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液里浸泡,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(4)将所得聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜在惰性气体保护下进行高温碳化,得到碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:7,超声分散时间为2h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为5:1,搅拌分散时间为2h;
(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌50min,使其分散均匀,其中尿素与盐溶液的质量比为1:1;
(7)将上步所得物与碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜按照1:100混合,并进行溶剂热反应,得到铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料;
(8)将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯多次洗涤、干燥后即得。
实施例3
一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨在混合溶剂中超声分散,得到分散均匀的氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;氮掺杂石墨烯中氮的掺杂量为4%;
(2)将聚丙烯腈粉末加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,持续搅拌,得到均一的粘稠分散液;将得到的聚丙烯腈分散液进行静电纺丝,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;将聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在空气气氛下进行预氧化,得到预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;聚丙烯腈粉末与氧化石墨的质量比为90:1;
(3)将所得预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液里浸泡,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(4)将所得聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜在惰性气体保护下进行高温碳化,得到碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:6,超声分散时间为1.5h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为4:1,搅拌分散时间为1.3h;
(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌40min,使其分散均匀,其中尿素与盐溶液的质量比为1:1。
(7)将上步所得物与碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜按照1:100混合,并进行溶剂热反应,得到铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料;
(8)将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯多次洗涤、干燥后即得。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (6)
1.一种铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨在混合溶剂中超声分散,得到分散均匀的氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液;
(2)将聚丙烯腈粉末加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,持续搅拌,得到均一的粘稠分散液;将得到的聚丙烯腈分散液进行静电纺丝,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;将聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在空气气氛下进行预氧化,得到预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜;
(3)将所得预氧化后的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜在氧化氮掺杂石墨烯溶液里浸泡,得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(4)将所得聚丙烯腈纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜在惰性气体保护下进行高温碳化,得到碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜;
(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:(5-7),超声分散时间为1-2h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为(3-5):1,搅拌分散时间为1-2h;
(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌30-50min,使其分散均匀,其中尿素与盐溶液的质量比为1:1;
(7)将上步所得物与碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜按照1:100混合,并进行溶剂热反应,得到铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料;
(8)将铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氧化氮掺杂石墨烯多次洗涤、干燥后即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,氮掺杂石墨烯中氮的掺杂量为2-6%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,聚丙烯腈粉末与氧化石墨的质量比为(80-100):1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)将硝酸铁和硝酸铜溶于混合溶剂中,得到盐溶液;混合溶剂为无水乙醇和去离子水,所述的无水乙醇和去离子水的体积比为2:6,超声分散时间为1.5h;硝酸铁和硝酸铜的摩尔比为4:1,搅拌分散时间为1.3h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)将尿素加入到步骤(5)所得盐溶液中,搅拌40min,使其分散均匀。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任一所述制备方法制备得到的铁酸铜/碳纳米纤维/氮掺杂石墨烯复合电催化材料。
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