CN108605741A - One technology for allowing potato detoxicating high yield - Google Patents

Abstract

One technology for allowing potato detoxicating high yield, belongs to vegetables disease prevention and cure field, to solve the deficiency of current potato detoxicating technology, using tired kind, bask seeds, vernalization, stripping and slicing；Dressing seed；The means such as late blight prevention carry out detoxification to potato, improve the yield of its unit area.

Description

One technology for allowing potato detoxicating high yield

Technical field

The present invention relates to vegetables disease prevention and cure fields.

Background technology

Toxicity-removing white potato refers to that seed potato removes potato by a series of physical, chemistry, biology or other technologies measure After virus in block, the potato kind of virus-free or few Virus entry is obtained after testing.The experiment proved that the volume increase of virus-free seed potato Significant effect can be improved yield per unit area using virus-free potato kind and increase by 30% ~ 50%, and high increases production 3 ~ 4 times.

Invention content

The present invention is to solve the deficiency of current potato detoxicating technology, the technology that invention one allows potato detoxicating high yield.

The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, adopted the technical scheme that：

Potato seed processing before broadcasting

3.1 tired kinds, bask seeds, vernalization

Potato seed goes out cellar for storing things in 30 days or so before broadcasting, and is placed under 12 DEG C ~ 15 DEG C of room scattering light and basks seeds, and is stirred 1 ~ 2 time during basking seeds , when bud eye grows to and emits white bud, you can stripping and slicing.

3.2 stripping and slicing

The stripping and slicing in 1 ~ 2 day before broadcasting, the pharmacy disinfections such as cutter alcohol；It is vigorous to select to determine terminal bud growth when stripping and slicing, it will be intensive Terminal bud is cut, after by spiral sequence be cut into stereo block, every piece should 1 ~ 2 bud eye of band, stripping and slicing weight is no less than 30 grams, and stripping and slicing is big When not remain potato meat, small potato can whole photo sowing.The kind block cut can be placed at shady and cool drying, sows and finishes in 2 ~ 3 days.

3.3 dressing seed

Cause harm to prevent from broadcasting rotten kind of rear field and pest and disease damage, application medicaments seed dressing.1 kilogram of carbendazim adds 15 kilograms of talcum powder to mix It is even to handle 2000 kilograms of kind blocks, side trimming to mix.Also other potato seed pieces inorganic agents can be selected, such as biological clamps or plant ash It dresses seed, illustratively reasonable employment.

4 soil application methods

Potato is to like the manurial-philous crop of water, is applied fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, the principle supplemented by chemical fertilizer.Fertilizing method：According to soil fertility It is disposable to use sufficient base fertilizer, organic fertilizer answer deep layer apply or sowing before concentrate and uniformly dissipate in furrow, decomposed manure dose per acre Generally 5000 kilograms i.e..Application of organic fertilizers simultaneously, can apply three kinds of elements of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium phosphoric acid diamines, urea, sulfuric acid Potassium fertilizer or composite fertilizer, should be with 2 using the chemical fertilizer ratio of N P and K:1:4 ratios are best；Per acre generally apply urea amount of application 5 ~ 10 kilograms, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 25 ~ 30 kilograms of 50% potassium sulfate；After applying N P and K or composite fertilizer, need to cover one layer 3 centimetres of thin soils sow potato kind sprout tuber, strictly sprout tuber are avoided to be in direct contact with chemical fertilizer later, to avoid bud is burnt；Fertilising, plantation potato After kind sprout tuber, ridge earthing should be closed in time.

5 sowings

5.1 the sowing time

Baicheng Prefecture can sow at the beginning of late April to 5 months, and mulch sowing can be sowed in mid-April.At this moment 10 centimetres of soil or less Temperature is generally stablized at 7 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C or more.

5.2 depth of planting

Before potato sowing, soil needs 30 centimetres of deep ploughing, deepens to expand rippers layer.It deep ditching can sow on ridge, can also change Sowing is that furrow is sowed on ridge, and deep ditching needs 20 centimetres or so on ridge, after planting potato wedge bud eye upward, after earthing potato wedge bud eye from Ridge face, which answers 6 ~ 7 centimetres, to be advisable.

5.3 thickness of sowing

Kind according to peasant household's selection is different, and potato kind thickness of sowing is also different.Early-maturing variety planting density is generally at 15 ~ 20 centimetres Left and right, in, late variety is generally at 25 ~ 40 centimetres or so.

5.4 type of seeding

Trench digging, fertilising（Seed manure is isolated）, bud eye put upward various pieces of potato, earthing, in time suppression.Large area plants potato Peasant household, conditional usable machinery is disposable to complete sowing.

6 field management

6.1 weeding

Timely field weeding, i.e. artificial weeding or spraying herbicide are wanted after the emergence of potato kind, depending on field conditions.It is main to spray herbicide It is to be sprayed in 2 ~ 3 leaves of weeds with Du Pont's treasured, 4 ~ 5 bags per acre after emergence（2.5 gram/bag）；Simple prevention grassy weed Fluazifop-p-butyl or smart quizalofopethyl herbicide also can be selected.

6.2 cultivation and bankings and watering

Cultivation and banking is completed before potato blooms, and accomplishes to shovel combination, i.e., three shovels three.Alley will be trained into " wide when sealing ridge Shoulder ridge " not train into " pinnacle ridge ", and potato should not leak outside when tying beans in this way, and potato beans are conducive to soil supply nutrient.Potato opens Otherwise spend just will seriously affect yield into the knot potato phase if arid should be poured water in time.

6.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Potato Major Diseases have late blight, subterranean pest-insect and ladybug.

6.3.1 late blight prevention late blight generally starts to fall ill in late July, and field morbidity should prevent immediately, prevent Du Pont gram dew and Sandofan can be used alternatingly within 7 ~ 10 days；Field is with Ke Yong Yin Fali, Huo Duoke or the pharmaceutical treatments such as section is good of falling ill.

6.3.2 controlling underground pest can use 5% thimet or Furadan per acre（2 ~ 3 kilograms）It is mixed together and applies with chemical fertilizer With the preventions such as 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate also can be used.

6.3.3 ladybug, which occurs, in ladybug field should timely use 50% DDT EC or flolimat or ten thousand spirit of Du Pont etc. It is fine to be sprayed on blade back effect for efficient pesticides.

Technique effect

The solution have the advantages that using above-mentioned technical solution, the detoxification high yield of potato, this method operation may be implemented Simply, effect is good, not additional cost input, effectively can carry out detoxification to potato, improve its yield.

Specific implementation mode

Potato seed processing before broadcasting

3.1 tired kinds, bask seeds, vernalization

Potato seed goes out cellar for storing things in 30 days or so before broadcasting, and is placed under 12 DEG C ~ 15 DEG C of room scattering light and basks seeds, and is stirred 1 ~ 2 time during basking seeds , when bud eye grows to and emits white bud, you can stripping and slicing.

3.2 stripping and slicing

The stripping and slicing in 1 ~ 2 day before broadcasting, the pharmacy disinfections such as cutter alcohol；It is vigorous to select to determine terminal bud growth when stripping and slicing, it will be intensive Terminal bud is cut, after by spiral sequence be cut into stereo block, every piece should 1 ~ 2 bud eye of band, stripping and slicing weight is no less than 30 grams, and stripping and slicing is big When not remain potato meat, small potato can whole photo sowing.The kind block cut can be placed at shady and cool drying, sows and finishes in 2 ~ 3 days.

3.3 dressing seed

Cause harm to prevent from broadcasting rotten kind of rear field and pest and disease damage, application medicaments seed dressing.1 kilogram of carbendazim adds 15 kilograms of talcum powder to mix It is even to handle 2000 kilograms of kind blocks, side trimming to mix.Also other potato seed pieces inorganic agents can be selected, such as biological clamps or plant ash It dresses seed, illustratively reasonable employment.

4 soil application methods

Potato is to like the manurial-philous crop of water, is applied fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, the principle supplemented by chemical fertilizer.Fertilizing method：According to soil fertility It is disposable to use sufficient base fertilizer, organic fertilizer answer deep layer apply or sowing before concentrate and uniformly dissipate in furrow, decomposed manure dose per acre Generally 5000 kilograms i.e..Application of organic fertilizers simultaneously, can apply three kinds of elements of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium phosphoric acid diamines, urea, sulfuric acid Potassium fertilizer or composite fertilizer, should be with 2 using the chemical fertilizer ratio of N P and K:1:4 ratios are best；Per acre generally apply urea amount of application 5 ~ 10 kilograms, 20 ~ 30 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 25 ~ 30 kilograms of 50% potassium sulfate；After applying N P and K or composite fertilizer, need to cover one layer 3 centimetres of thin soils sow potato kind sprout tuber, strictly sprout tuber are avoided to be in direct contact with chemical fertilizer later, to avoid bud is burnt；Fertilising, plantation potato After kind sprout tuber, ridge earthing should be closed in time.

5 sowings

5.1 the sowing time

Baicheng Prefecture can sow at the beginning of late April to 5 months, and mulch sowing can be sowed in mid-April.At this moment 10 centimetres of soil or less Temperature is generally stablized at 7 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C or more.

5.2 depth of planting

Before potato sowing, soil needs 30 centimetres of deep ploughing, deepens to expand rippers layer.It deep ditching can sow on ridge, can also change Sowing is that furrow is sowed on ridge, and deep ditching needs 20 centimetres or so on ridge, after planting potato wedge bud eye upward, after earthing potato wedge bud eye from Ridge face, which answers 6 ~ 7 centimetres, to be advisable.

5.3 thickness of sowing

Kind according to peasant household's selection is different, and potato kind thickness of sowing is also different.Early-maturing variety planting density is generally at 15 ~ 20 centimetres Left and right, in, late variety is generally at 25 ~ 40 centimetres or so.

5.4 type of seeding

Trench digging, fertilising（Seed manure is isolated）, bud eye put upward various pieces of potato, earthing, in time suppression.Large area plants potato Peasant household, conditional usable machinery is disposable to complete sowing.

6 field management

6.1 weeding

Timely field weeding, i.e. artificial weeding or spraying herbicide are wanted after the emergence of potato kind, depending on field conditions.It is main to spray herbicide It is to be sprayed in 2 ~ 3 leaves of weeds with Du Pont's treasured, 4 ~ 5 bags per acre after emergence（2.5 gram/bag）；Simple prevention grassy weed Fluazifop-p-butyl or smart quizalofopethyl herbicide also can be selected.

6.2 cultivation and bankings and watering

Cultivation and banking is completed before potato blooms, and accomplishes to shovel combination, i.e., three shovels three.Alley will be trained into " wide when sealing ridge Shoulder ridge " not train into " pinnacle ridge ", and potato should not leak outside when tying beans in this way, and potato beans are conducive to soil supply nutrient.Potato opens Otherwise spend just will seriously affect yield into the knot potato phase if arid should be poured water in time.

6.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Potato Major Diseases have late blight, subterranean pest-insect and ladybug.

6.3.1 late blight prevention late blight generally starts to fall ill in late July, and field morbidity should prevent immediately, prevent Du Pont gram dew and Sandofan can be used alternatingly within 7 ~ 10 days；Field is with Ke Yong Yin Fali, Huo Duoke or the pharmaceutical treatments such as section is good of falling ill.

6.3.2 controlling underground pest can use 5% thimet or Furadan per acre（2 ~ 3 kilograms）It is mixed together and applies with chemical fertilizer With the preventions such as 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate also can be used.

6.3.3 ladybug, which occurs, in ladybug field should timely use 50% DDT EC or flolimat or ten thousand spirit of Du Pont etc. It is fine to be sprayed on blade back effect for efficient pesticides.

Claims (1)

1. a technology for allowing potato detoxicating high yield, it is characterized in that：By tired kind, bask seeds, vernalization, stripping and slicing；Dressing seed, 1 Kilogram carbendazim, which adds 15 kilograms of talcum powder to mix, can uniformly handle 2000 kilograms of kind blocks, side trimming to mix；The means such as late blight prevention, Detoxification is carried out to potato.