CN108602448B - 商用电动运载工具的管理系统 - Google Patents

商用电动运载工具的管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108602448B
CN108602448B CN201780005635.2A CN201780005635A CN108602448B CN 108602448 B CN108602448 B CN 108602448B CN 201780005635 A CN201780005635 A CN 201780005635A CN 108602448 B CN108602448 B CN 108602448B
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battery
management system
controller
bus
telematics
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CN108602448A (zh
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托尼·费尔韦瑟
沃伦·费尔韦瑟
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SEA Automotive Pty Ltd
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SEA Automotive Pty Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/008—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles communicating information to a remotely located station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于商用电动运载工具(EV)的管理系统，包括：包括连接至EV的多个组件的多个CAN总线的控制器区域网络(CAN)；以及连接至CAN并配置为基于CAN信号监视和/或控制EV的多个组件的运载工具控制器；其中所述多个CAN总线和它们各自的组件包括：连接至发动机控制器系统的驾驶CAN总线；连接至电池系统的电池CAN总线；以及连接至远程信息处理系统的远程信息处理CAN总线。

Description

商用电动运载工具的管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及商用电动运载工具(electric vehicle，EV)的管理系统。
背景技术
诸如重型电动火车或厢式车的商用EV包括众多主辅组件，这些组件包括电动机、电池、逆变器、空气压缩机、冷却泵、动力转向泵、散热器风扇等。本申请的申请人在澳大利亚临时专利申请AU2016900910中描述了将这些组件高效安全地封装在用于商用EV的集成电源组中。通过引用将这一申请结合在此。
存在对于完全集成的系统的需求，以监视和管理重型商用EV的操作和性能的所有方面，从而提高车队效率、减少操作成本并提升驾驶员的安全性。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种系统，包括：
一个控制器区域网络(CAN)，包括连接至所述EV的多个组件的多个CAN总线；以及
一个运载工具控制器，连接至所述CAN并配置为基于CAN信号监视和/或控制所述EV的多个组件；
其中所述多个CAN总线和它们各自的组件包括：
连接至发动机控制器系统的驾驶CAN总线；
连接至电池系统的电池CAN总线；以及
连接至远程信息处理系统的远程信息处理CAN总线。
发动机控制器系统可包括连接至电动机的发动机控制器，并且其中所述运载工具控制器配置为控制电动机的扭矩以防止回滚从而当在驾驶中使用了刹车时保持所述EV的位置。
运载工具控制器可进一步配置为通过确定所述EV是否正在滑行并正在调整由所述电动机提供至EV的高压(HV)电池的回馈电流来控制回馈制动。
运载工具控制器可进一步配置为测量所述发动机控制器的操作温度并调整冷却泵和散热器风扇的速度以保持预定操作温度。
运载工具控制器可进一步配置为确定所述EV的加速器踏板的应用率并监视由所述发动机控制器提供的电力以优化并上报所述EV的驾驶员的驾驶效率。
电池系统可包括连接至所述HV电池的电池管理系统(BMS)，并且其中所述运载工具控制器配置为监视电池温度并基于电池温度优化提供至HV电池的电流。
运载工具控制器可进一步配置为监视所述HV电池的电池接触器的状态并优化启动所述EV所需的时间量。
BMS可包括HV配电箱，其配置为选择性激活和停用所述EV的多个辅助组件以优化所述EV效率。
多个辅助组件可包括所述发动机控制器、位于EV的一个舱中的HV加热器、HV空调(AC)压缩机、空气压缩机、动力转向泵、HV充电器以及它们的组合。
远程信息处理系统可配置为收集并分析与EV、EV的驾驶员或两者相关的多个参数。
所述多个参数可包括加速、刹车、转弯、电池再生、车舱温度、速度、有效载荷配送、配送路线、配送时间、诊断、修理、维护以及它们的组合。
所述远程信息处理系统可进一步配置为将所述多个参数传送至包括运载工具娱乐系统、桌面计算机、膝上型计算机、平板电脑、智能手机以及它们的组合在内的计算设备。
所述远程信息处理系统进一步配置为在所述计算设备上生成显示所述多个参数的仪表板。
所述HV加热器可配置为：
基于环境和用户情况优化加热器元件的激活；
在出现故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及
基于环境和用户情况调整液体输入/输出温度。
所述HV AC压缩机可配置为：
基于环境和用户情况优化加热器元件的激活；
在出现故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及
基于环境和用户情况调整液体输入/输出温度。
所述冷却泵可配置为基于来自低压(LV)控制器的输入具有可变速度以优化所述EV的效率。
所述冷却泵进一步配置为基于来自LV控制器的输入具有可变速度以优化所述EV的效率。
所述电池系统可进一步包括HV充电器，并且其中所述运载工具控制器配置为通过CAN评价所述EV的操作条件、以及控制HV充电器以优化由HV直流(DC)提供给所述HV电池充电的电力。
本发明还提供一种使用上文所述的系统操作EV的方法。
本发明进一步提供一种包括上文描述的系统的EV。
附图说明
现在将仅参考下述附图通过示例的方式描述本发明的各实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明一实施例的EV的电力系统的功能框图；
图2是EV的管理系统的CAN架构的功能框图；
图3是EV的驾驶控制器系统的功能框图；
图4是EV的电池系统的功能框图；
图5是EV的HV配电箱的功能框图；
图6是EV的电池系统的功能框图；
图7是由管理系统的远程信息处理系统生成的EV的操作/性能参数的仪表板的截图；
图8是EV的HV加热器的功能框图；
图9是EV的AC压缩机的功能框图；
图10是EV的冷却泵的功能框图；
图11是EV的冷却循环架构的功能框图；
图12是EV的冷却风扇的功能框图；
图13是EV的DC/DC逆变器的功能框图；以及
图14和15是EV的HV充电器的功能框图。
具体实施方式
参考图1，商用EV10通常包括配置为紧密安装在商用运载工具的底盘16的一对对置的车架纵梁14之间的电源组12。商用运载工具可以是包括例如厢式货车、公交车或卡车的中置或前置引擎的商用运载工具。进一步地，商用运载工具可以是要转换为新商用EV 10的滑翔机、或者要转换或改造为电力的柴油或汽油商用运载工具。电池组12可通常如澳大利亚临时专利申请AU2016900910描述的那样配置。
更具体地，电池组12可包括EV10的主辅组件，该组件包括散热器风扇18、高压(HV)电池20、电池管理系统(battery management syste，BMS)22、发动机控制器(或者微控制器单元(MCU))24、电动机26、HV加热器28、HV AC压缩机30、冷却泵32、DC/DC转换器34、空气压缩机36、转向压缩机38、24V保险丝40、运载工具控制器(或运载工具管理单元(VMU))42、运载工具接口44(例如，加速器踏板、刹车踏板、驾驶选择器、加热通风和空调(heatingventilation and air conditioning，HVAC)控制等)、HV配电箱46、远程信息处理系统48、以及可连接至充电设施52的HV充电器50。
图2示出了EV10的管理系统54的CAN架构。CAN56可包括连接至EV10的上述电池组12的主辅组件的多个CAN总线。CAN总线可包括驾驶CAN总线58、电池CAN总线60以及远程信息处理CAN总线62。HV AC压缩机30还可通过另一CAN总线64连接至CAN56。运载工具控制器42可连接至CAN56并配置为基于CAN信号监视和/或控制EV10的多个组件。每个组件可在CAN节点处连接至它们各自的CAN总线。每个CAN节点可配置为输入/输出设备或配置为具有CAN接口和软件的嵌入式计算机或控制器。可与各组件关联或嵌入在各组件中的传感器(未示出)，也可在CAN节点处连接至CAN总线。
驾驶CAN总线58可连接至包括发动机控制器24和电动机26的发动机控制器系统。运载工具控制器42可配置为控制电动机26的扭矩以防止回滚从而当在驾驶中使用了刹车时保持EV10的位置。运载工具控制器42可进一步配置为通过确定EV10是否正在滑行并正在调整由电动机26提供至EV10的HV电池20的回馈电流来控制回馈制动。运载工具控制器42可进一步配置为测量发动机控制器24的操作温度并调整冷却泵32和散热器风扇18的速度以保持预定操作温度。运载工具控制器42可进一步配置为确定EV10的加速器踏板44的使用率并监视由发动机控制器24提供的电力以优化驾驶效率并将其报告给EV10的驾驶员。
电池CAN总线60可连接至包括BMS22和HV电池20的电池系统。运载工具控制器42可配置为监视电池温度并基于电池温度优化供给HV电池20的电流。运载工具控制器42可进一步配置为监视HV电池20的电池接触器的状态并优化启动EV10所需的时间量。BMS22可包括HV配电箱46，配电箱46配置为选择性激活或停止EV10的多个辅助组件以优化EV10的操作效率。多个辅助组件可包括发动机控制器24、HV加热器28、HV AC压缩机30、空气压缩机36、动力转向泵38、HV充电器50以及它们的组合。
远程信息处理CAN总线62可连接至远程信息处理系统48，该系统配置为收集和分析与EV10、EV10的驾驶员或两者相关的多个参数。该多个参数可包括加速、刹车、转弯、电池再生、车舱温度、速度、有效负荷配送、配送路径、配送时间、诊断、修理、维护以及它们的组合。远程信息处理系统可进一步配置为将多个参数发送至包括运载工具娱乐系统、桌面型计算机、膝上型计算机、平板电脑、智能手机以及它们的组合在内的计算设备。参考图7，远程信息处理系统48可进一步配置为在计算设备上生成显示多个操作和/或性能参数的一个或多个的仪表板(或图形用户界面)66。
远程信息处理系统可执行和实现如下文所述的“TDDR”原则：
●(T)卡车＝通过在线仪表板显示的商用EV10诊断和操作优化。此运载工具诊断工具将允许主动和被动运载工具监视、诊断和修理。一种示例为在EV10返回至仓库前被动报告运载工具LED灯故障，这样当它返回时维护队可准备好修理该运载工具。
●(D)驾驶员＝遥测技术以优化驾驶员与商用EV10之间的交互，并随后优化运载工具性能。在全球范围的研究中已经得到证实的是驾驶员对一个EV整体性能的影响可达15％，因此监视驾驶员与商用EV10的交互(并随之后具有奖励优秀驾驶员表现的能力)，是远程信息处理系统的关键益处。可被监视的操作/性能参数包括加速、刹车、转弯、电池再生、车舱温度和速度。
●(D)配送＝将“智能卡车”与有效负荷配送和接收者通信进行接口的能力。这是一个巨大的机会以减少因众多原因导致的配送被错过的大量成本。一种开发意图旨在允许运载工具主动将计划的配送时间传送给上门配送者，并允许接收者(通过智能手机响应)回复对该时间的确认、提议的新时间或授权驾驶员将托运物留在特定位置。针对在澳大利亚和其他在地理上广阔分散的市场中已被证实、正在增长(归因于在线购物活动的增长并且昂贵的业务，确保为经营者提供了大大降低每次配送开销的配送。
●(R)路线＝涉及用于路线计划和实时优化的路线数据收集的重要性。在每天大致的配送路线周期性发生改变的情况下，路线计划是最优化服务配送的关键功能。数据收集是此功能的关键，从而关键在于确保管理系统54的远程信息处理系统可连续收集路线数据，这样可执行周期性以及实时的路线优化。一个示例可以是家庭配送接收者事先请求改变配送时间，需要运载工具将它的当前规划路线改变为一条更有效率的路线，允许在该特定日内仍能完成所有需要的配送和收件。
目前，还没有为商用EV提供这一全套数据收集和分析的集成远程遥测技术的全球供应商。在TDDR分析的所有四个方面均被优化的情况下，可提供操作和服务性能的基准等级。实时(运载工具内)软件更新确保了每个应用管理系统54的远程信息处理功能的运载工具都具有最新的软件并具备持续诊断改进功能。
图8至15示出了EV10的电力系统的各组件以及它们在管理系统54中的集成。参考图8，HV加热器28可配置为：基于环境和用户的情况优化加热器元件的激活；在发生故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及基于环境和用户的情况调整流体输入/输出温度。
相似地，如图9所示，HV AC压缩机36可配置为：基于环境和用户的情况优化加热器元件的激活；在发生故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及基于环境和用户的情况调整流体输入/输出温度。
参考图10，冷却泵32可配置为基于来自LV控制的输入具有可变速度以优化EV10的效率。冷却泵32可进一步配置为基于来自LV控制的输入具有可变速度以优化EV10的效率。
图11示出了EV10的冷却循环架构。由冷却循环提供的冷却配置为运载工具等级的电力组件提供了优化的串行/并行冷却系统，这些组件包括发动机控制器24、电动机26以及HV充电器50。
图12和13分别示出了EV10中的冷却风扇18和DC/DC转换器34的示例功能性实施方式。
参考图14和15，运载工具控制器42可配置为通过CAN56评价EV10的操作条件、以及控制HV充电器50以优化由HV直流(DC)提供的向HV电池20充电的电力。
本发明的各实施例提供了有利于提升车队效率、降低运营开销以及提升驾驶员安全性的、用于商用EV的完全集成的监视、管理和远程信息处理系统。
为了本说明书的目的，词语“包括”意味着“包括但不限于”，以及词语“包含”具有相应的含义。
上述实施例已经仅通过示例的方式进行了描述，同时可在下述权利要求的范围内进行修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于商用电动运载工具EV的管理系统，包括：
一个控制器区域网络CAN，包括连接至所述EV的多个组件的多个相互分离的CAN总线；以及
一个运载工具控制器，连接至所述CAN并配置为基于CAN信号监视和/或控制所述EV的多个组件；
其中，所述多个组件中的各组件连接到所述多个相互分离的CAN总线中的相应一个CAN总线，所述CAN总线包括：
连接至发动机控制器系统的驾驶CAN总线，所述发动机控制器系统包括连接至电动机的发动机控制器；
连接至电池系统的与驾驶CAN总线分离的电池CAN总线，所述电池系统包括高压HV电池并且所述电池CAN总线与发动机控制器系统分离；以及
连接至远程信息处理系统的与驾驶CAN总线和电池CAN总线分离的远程信息处理CAN总线，所述远程信息处理CAN总线与发动机控制器系统和电池系统两者分离，
其中，所述运载工具控制器进一步配置为通过确定所述EV是否正在滑行并正在调整由所述电动机提供至EV的高压HV电池的回馈电流来控制回馈制动。
2.如权利要求1所述的管理系统，其中，所述运载工具控制器配置为控制电动机的扭矩以防止回滚从而当在驾驶中使用了刹车时保持所述EV的位置。
3.如权利要求1所述的管理系统，其中所述运载工具控制器进一步配置为确定所述EV的加速器踏板的应用率并监视由所述发动机控制器提供的电力以优化并上报所述EV的驾驶员的驾驶效率。
4.如权利要求1所述的管理系统，其中所述电池系统包括连接至所述HV电池的电池管理系统BMS，并且其中所述运载工具控制器配置为监视电池温度并基于电池温度优化提供至所述HV电池的电流。
5.如权利要求4所述的管理系统，其中所述BMS包括HV配电箱，其配置为选择性激活和停用所述EV的多个辅助组件以优化所述EV的效率。
6.如权利要求5所述的管理系统，其中所述多个辅助组件包括所述发动机控制器、位于EV的一个舱中的暖通HV加热器、暖通空调HVAC压缩机、空气压缩机、动力转向泵、HV充电器、冷却泵以及它们的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的管理系统，其中所述远程信息处理系统配置为收集并分析与EV、EV的驾驶员或两者相关的多个参数。
8.如权利要求7所述的管理系统，其中所述多个参数包括加速、刹车、转弯、电池再生、车舱温度、速度、有效载荷配送、配送路线、配送时间、诊断、修理、维护以及它们的组合。
9.如权利要求8所述的管理系统，其中所述远程信息处理系统进一步配置为将所述多个参数传送至包括运载工具娱乐系统、桌面计算机、膝上型计算机、平板电脑、智能手机以及它们的组合在内的计算设备。
10.如权利要求9所述的管理系统，其中所述远程信息处理系统进一步配置为在所述计算设备上生成显示所述多个参数的仪表板。
11.如权利要求6所述的管理系统，其中所述HV加热器配置为：
基于环境和用户情况优化加热器元件的激活；
在出现故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及
基于环境和用户情况调整液体输入/输出温度。
12.如权利要求6所述的管理系统，其中所述HVAC压缩机配置为：
基于环境和用户情况优化加热器元件的激活；
在出现故障的情况下将它自身与HV电力隔离；以及
基于环境和用户情况调整液体输入/输出温度。
13.如权利要求6所述的管理系统，其中所述冷却泵配置为基于来自低压LV控制器的输入具有可变速度以优化所述EV的效率。
14.如权利要求3所述的管理系统，其中所述电池系统进一步包括HV充电器，并且其中所述运载工具控制器配置为通过CAN评价所述EV的操作条件、以及控制HV充电器以优化由HV直流DC提供给所述HV电池充电的电力。
15.一种使用权利要求1所述的管理系统操作EV的方法。
16.一种包括权利要求1所述的管理系统的EV。
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