CN108559554B - 稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料 - Google Patents

稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料 Download PDF

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CN108559554B
CN108559554B CN201810433187.2A CN201810433187A CN108559554B CN 108559554 B CN108559554 B CN 108559554B CN 201810433187 A CN201810433187 A CN 201810433187A CN 108559554 B CN108559554 B CN 108559554B
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陶积勇
刘亭君
卢昌锐
李雁仑
朱春红
周顺
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Guilin Ganlong Ep Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量份的成分制成:甲醇48.0‑52.0份、松焦油30.0‑40.0份、石蜡油1.0‑2.0份、乙醇2.0‑5.0份、丙酮0.5‑1.0份、水3.0‑5.0份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.3‑0.5份。

Description

稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料领域,具体涉及稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料。
背景技术
随着经济的飞速发展,对能源需求量日趋增大,由于资源紧缺、价格攀升,能源短缺已成为制约世界经济发展的长期压力。醇基燃料就是以醇类(如甲醇、乙醇、丁醇等)物质为主体配置的燃料。它是以液体或者固体形式存在的。它也是一种生物质能,和核能、太阳能、风力能、水力能一样,是各国政府目前大力推广的环保洁净能源。
醇基燃料可以用于餐饮、可以用于工业锅炉。醇基燃料有明显的经济可比性--和液化气、柴油、煤油相比,热效率高是它最佳的特点,从08 年开始醇基燃料的优势已引起业内的重视。但它的技术难度大,要合成与汽油、柴油相媲美的燃料需要更高深的技术研究与实践,截止到2012年年底,国内能够对石化油品和醇基环保油品全性能检测和研发。醇基燃料是绿色环保能源--和煤、煤焦油、重油、柴油、汽油相比,醇基燃料燃烧最完全彻底,热转换效率最高,排放是水与二氧化碳为主,是未来最清洁、最环保、最有发展潜力的燃料。
现在醇基燃料的研究很多,如中国专利CN103184081A,公开了一种醇基燃料油,由以下重量份的组分组成:甲醇70-75份,二甲苯4-6份,200 号溶剂油4-6份,石蜡油4-6份,甘油4-6份,水5-10份。但是,存在不足,首先,二甲苯具有毒性,其次,为了降低成本而多加水,使得燃料中甲醇含量在75%以下,使燃料热值很低。虽然在醇基液体燃料中,可以含适量的水,含水可以提高闪点温度,降低着火的危险,但是燃料中混入水分,对金属腐蚀表现在两个方面:一是水分能直接引起金属的化学核电化学腐蚀;二是如燃料中的某些含硫及酸性腐蚀物质溶解在水中时,则加速金属的腐蚀过程。燃料中的游离水对金属的危害很大,它能腐蚀各种钢制零件,如钢油罐、油桶、管道、阀门及其它零件。溶解在燃料中的微量水分只能引起低含量钢铁腐蚀。水分对低合金钢有较强的腐蚀作用,也腐蚀铜和锌等有色金属,对青铜不产生腐蚀。又如中国专利CN103911189A,在提高甲醇的含量的同时,降低了水分的含量,但是在实际的使用中,也发现一些问题,例如,产品中没有加入专用添加剂,致使燃料不充分,存在黑烟、积碳、黑锅底,无残液残渣,在使用中出现熏人、刺眼等问题。
目前,工业生产线和锅炉加热多采用柴油燃料,但柴油燃烧的排气中含有大量微尘,燃烧后产生的二氧化硫、多环苯类致癌物质,导致严重的环境污染。甲醇作为一种替代能源,资源丰富,价格便宜,可以从煤、木炭中制得,可以直接用二氧化碳加氢制得,也可以从其他化工和制药工业的副产品中获得。工业上制备甲醇的生产技术已经得到广泛成熟的应用,甲醇作为部分替代能源也是最简便最现实的。醇类燃料是一种清洁代用燃料,甲醇含氧,碳氢比为1:4,能够完全燃烧,减少C0等含碳物质的排放。面对石化能源的枯竭,醇基燃料是最有潜力的新型替代能源,深受各国企业组织的青睐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,同时可以改善醇基燃料燃烧后的环境。
为达到上述目的,本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的。
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量份的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000021
优选的,由下述重量份的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000022
本发明所述的松焦油pine tar(oil),又称松明油、松根焦油、木焦油,是一种复杂的化合物,深褐色至黑色粘稠液体或半固体,有特殊气味,由愈创木酚、甲酚、甲基甲酚、苯酚、邻乙基苯酚、松节油、松脂等组成,由松木经分解蒸馏而制得。密度1.03-1.07,沸点240-400℃,微溶于水,溶于乙醇,乙醚,氯仿,冰醋酸等。
石蜡油是一种矿物油,是从原油分馏中所得到的无色无味的混合物。主要成分是C、H,化学元素符号是CxHy。石蜡油是几种高级烷烃的混合物,主要是正二十二烷(C22H46)和正二十八烷(C28H58),含碳元素约85%,含氢元素约14%,没有单一的化学元素符号。可用于食品、药品和工业。
羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),是天然纤维素经化学改性后得到的纤维素衍生物,是纤维素的羧甲基醚化物,是盐。CMC-Na是一种阴离子型线形高分子物质,它具有无臭、无味、无毒、不霉变、不易燃的白色有流动性的细微状粉末,溶于冷水成为透明的粘稠性溶液。
本发明还涉及所述的稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将羧甲基纤维素钠慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
本发明所述的醇基燃料的配制方法,在配制时,加入物质的顺序很重要,在实验中,申请人发现,如果将所有的原料直接混合在一起,则羧甲基纤维素钠的溶解性非常差;如果用常温的水来溶解羧甲基纤维素钠,即使溶解了,再和石蜡油混合,羧甲基纤维素钠也会出现一些沉淀,而用 40-42℃的水则可以避免这一情况的出现。
相比现有技术,本发明的优点在于:
1、醇基燃料,特别是醇烃型燃料,主要通过给甲醇增加烃类物质来提高燃料的热值。但是由于增加烃类物质,使得醇基燃料贮存与使用时容易产生分层,需要加入助溶剂使醇基燃料与烃类均匀混合不致分层。目前这样的燃料、助溶剂都很多,但是配方一般都比较复杂,而且有的还是加入有害的有机化学产品作为添加剂,会产生严重的环保、安全问题。本发明的锅炉用醇基燃料,以甲醇、松焦油为主,通过加入羧甲基纤维素钠来克服醇基燃料与烃类混合不均匀导致分层的问题,配方简单,用料环保。
2、甲醇的低热值在19300KJ/Kg左右,作为锅炉用燃料,热值低了些,配方中添加了单项发热量达33500-37700KJ/Kg的松焦油以增加热值,而且松焦油的成本低。甲醇与空气直接接触会挥发,本发明通过添加羧甲基纤维素钠和石蜡油的结合,可以改善醇基燃料体系中的互溶性,使得醇基燃料中的松焦油和甲醇紧密结合,防止分层。
3、本发明得到的醇基燃料得低热值超过24000KJ/Kg,能够满足锅炉燃烧机以及大型烘干炉膛所需的温度,一般的民用和工业锅炉以及大型烘干炉膛避免了再添加使用其它高热能、高价值的燃料,从而大大地减少了能源成本开支。
4、松焦油和甲醇的结合,燃烧时会产生熏眼的问题,本发明通过加入羧甲基纤维素钠,有效改善了体系的互溶性,使用环境干净环保,燃烧完全,无残渣残留,无异味,有害气体排放量非常低,降低了对环境的污染。
具体实施方式
下面以实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000041
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将羧甲基纤维素钠慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
实施例2:
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000042
Figure BDA0001653950010000051
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将羧甲基纤维素钠慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
实施例3:
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000052
稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将羧甲基纤维素钠慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
对比例1:
一种锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000053
一种锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将石蜡油加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀;
2)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)向步骤2)得到的物料中,加入步骤1)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
对比例2:
一种锅炉用醇基燃料,由下述重量的成分制成:
Figure BDA0001653950010000061
一种锅炉用醇基燃料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在常温下,将氯化铁慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
实验例:
低热值,参照GB/T 384;
低温抗相分离(-20℃),取试样各200mL,分别置于250mL具塞量筒中,将容器垂直放置于已调至-20℃的低温冰箱中,4h后取出观察。
Figure BDA0001653950010000062

Claims (2)

1.稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,其特征在于:由下述重量份的成分制成:
Figure FDA0002583401100000011
其制备方法如下:
1)在常温下,将羧甲基纤维素钠慢慢加入到加热到40-42℃的水中,一边搅拌,一边加入,混合均匀,溶解完全;
2)向步骤1)得到的物料中,加入石蜡油,搅拌,混合均匀;
3)将甲醇、乙醇、丙酮混合均匀,加入松焦油,搅拌,混合均匀;
4)向步骤3)得到的物料中,加入步骤2)得到的物料,搅拌,混合均匀,得到产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稳定性好的锅炉用醇基燃料,其特征在于:由下述重量份的成分制成:
Figure FDA0002583401100000012
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