CN108558946A - 一种左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- DTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoenolpyruvic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)OP(O)(O)=O DTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65502—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a three-membered ring
- C07F9/65505—Phosphonic acids containing oxirane groups; esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
本发明以左旋‑(—)‑磷霉素‑(+)‑α‑苯乙胺为原料,经中和、分离、干燥制得左旋‑(—)‑磷霉素钠盐。该方法具有原料易得、工艺简单、乙醇消耗小、成本低和质量好等特点。本发明整个过程中没用到水,所以后处理简单,无废水排放。产品纯度≥99%、收率>98%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药和化工技术领域,涉及一种左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐的制备方法。
背景技术
磷霉素钠是一种新型广谱抗菌素,在结构上属于磷酸衍生物。主要用于革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌感染。该品于1967年由美国默沙东和西班牙CEPA公司在西班牙土壤的链丝菌中发现;1975年在西班牙首先投入工业化生产,之后,意大利和德国也陆续开始了工业化生产。1980年明治公司的产品在日本上市。磷霉素干扰细菌细胞壁粘肽合成的早期,其分子结构与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸相似,与其竞争丙酮酸UDP-NAG转移酶,阻抑了粘肽合成的第一步,而且不易被细菌转化为菌体内有用的物质,是广谱杀菌性抗菌药。对葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌,志贺菌属及沙雷菌属等有较高抗菌活性,对铜绿假单胞菌、变形杆菌、产气杆菌、肺炎杆菌以及链球菌属、肺炎球菌和部分厌氧菌等也具有一定活性,但其作用弱于青霉素类和头孢菌素类抗生素。
专利CN200310105004.8、赵华等和黄晨等公开了一种制备中性磷霉素钠的方法,其步骤是以左旋磷霉素右旋苯乙胺为原料,在氢氧化钠水溶液作用下进行游离,并于35-40℃搅拌下进行反应1-2小时,然后静置分层2-3小时,所得下层的磷霉素钠盐液用阳离子交换树脂进行交换5-20分钟,滤出树脂,得到磷霉素钠盐溶液,加活性炭脱色,过滤,用无水乙醇析晶,得中性磷霉素钠。该方法的缺点是用离子交换树脂对钠盐的滤液进行处理,成本高,效果不是很理想。
CN2009102174488.8公开了一种高纯度磷霉素钠的制备方法,其步骤如下:以左旋磷霉素右旋苯乙胺为原料,在氢氧化钠水溶液作用下进行游离,并于35-40℃搅拌下进行反应1-2小时,然后静置分层2-3小时,下层钠盐溶液中加入药用炭,搅拌10-30分钟,抽滤,收集滤液,得钠盐滤液;将无水乙醇加入反应容器中,并将其置于冰水浴中,钠盐滤液,离心分离,用无水乙醇洗涤,得白色晶体,减压干燥,得白色结晶粉末。该方法使用大量的无水乙醇(每吨产品需消耗15-20吨无水乙醇,使用以后的含大量水的乙醇需要通过三元共沸精馏才能得到无水乙醇,成本高、能耗大。在水溶液浓缩过程中会产生一定量的二醇物,产品质量很难保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,采用一种原料易得、操作简单、生产成本低的左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐制备方法,其特征是由如下步骤组成:
(1)在干燥的反应瓶中加入无水乙醇和左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺盐,在一定温度下,向其中滴加乙醇钠的乙醇溶液,加毕,保温反应,温度降至0℃以下,过滤,用少量冷冻的无水乙醇洗涤,固体真空干燥,得到高纯度磷霉素钠。
(2)步骤(1)的母液,通过精馏,将无水乙醇和(+)-α-苯乙胺分离,无水乙醇直接可以套用,(+)-α-苯乙胺也可以直接用于左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺盐。
上述步骤(1)中原料配比为:左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺:乙醇钠=1:2.0~
2.6(摩尔比);
上述步骤(1)中原料配比为:左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺:无水乙醇=1:2~
5(质量比),优选1:3.0-4.0;
上述的乙醇钠乙醇溶液的浓度在5-18%;优选8-12%;
上述步骤(1)所需要的反应温度10~70℃,优选40~50℃;
上述步骤(1)所需要的反应时间0.5~5小时,优选2-3小时。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺为原料,经中和、分离、干燥制得左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐。该方法具有原料易得、工艺简单、乙醇消耗小、成本低和质量好等特点。本发明整个过程中没用到水,所以后处理简单,无废水排放。产品纯度≥99%、收率>98%。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用来进一步说明本发明的内容,并不限制本发明的应用。实施例中的百分数一律是质量分数。
实施例1:
将84.6g10%乙醇钠乙醇溶液移到恒压滴液漏斗中。在500mL干燥洁净带干燥管的装置中投入200g无水乙醇,搅拌,加入51.8g(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺,加热至全溶。在50℃左右滴加乙醇钠乙醇溶液,加毕,保温反应2h,冷却到0℃左右,迅速过滤,用冰冻的无水乙醇洗涤,在40℃左右真空干燥,得到36g左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐,收率98.9%。母液通过精馏,得到无水乙醇和(+)-α-苯乙胺分离,
实施例2:
将109.2g10%乙醇钠乙醇溶液移到恒压滴液漏斗中。在500mL干燥洁净带干燥管的装置中投入200g无水乙醇,搅拌,加入51.8g(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺,加热至全溶。在50℃左右滴加乙醇钠乙醇溶液,加毕,保温反应3h,冷却到0℃左右,迅速过滤,用冰冻的无水乙醇洗涤,在40℃左右真空干燥,得到35.8g左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐,收率98.3%。
实施例3:
将111g10%乙醇钠乙醇溶液移到恒压滴液漏斗中。在500mL干燥洁净带干燥管的装置中投入250g无水乙醇,搅拌,加入51.8g(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺,加热至全溶。在50℃左右滴加乙醇钠乙醇溶液,加毕,保温反应3h,冷却到0℃左右,迅速过滤,用冰冻的无水乙醇洗涤,在40℃左右真空干燥,得到36.1g左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐,收率99.2%。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉该项技术的人员能够了解本发明的内容,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神中实质所做的等效变化和修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,采用一种原料易得、操作简单、生产成本低的左旋-(—)-磷霉素钠盐制备方法,其特征是由如下步骤组成:
(1)在干燥的反应瓶中加入无水乙醇和左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺盐,在一定温度下,向其中滴加乙醇钠的乙醇溶液,加毕,保温反应,温度降至0℃以下,过滤,用少量冷冻的无水乙醇洗涤,固体真空干燥,得到高纯度磷霉素钠。
(2)步骤(1)的母液,通过精馏,将无水乙醇和(+)-α-苯乙胺分离,无水乙醇直接可以套用,(+)-α-苯乙胺也可以直接用于左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺盐。
上述步骤(1)中原料配比为:左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺:乙醇钠=1:2.0~2.6(摩尔比);
上述步骤(1)中原料配比为:左旋-(—)-磷霉素-(+)-α-苯乙胺:无水乙醇=1:2~5(质量比),优选1:3.0-4.0;
上述的乙醇钠乙醇溶液的浓度在5-18%;优选8-12%;
上述步骤(1)所需要的反应温度10~70℃,优选40~50℃;
上述步骤(1)所需要的反应时间0.5~5小时,优选2-3小时。
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CN1539842A (zh) * | 2003-11-04 | 2004-10-27 | 东北制药总厂 | 制备中性磷霉素钠的新方法 |
CN101759721A (zh) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-30 | 哈药集团三精制药股份有限公司 | 一种低成本高纯度磷霉素钠的制备方法 |
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