CN108541941A - 一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541941A CN108541941A CN201810187688.7A CN201810187688A CN108541941A CN 108541941 A CN108541941 A CN 108541941A CN 201810187688 A CN201810187688 A CN 201810187688A CN 108541941 A CN108541941 A CN 108541941A
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- mulberry leaf
- parts
- campanulaceae
- arabinose
- sugar regulation
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品及其制备方法。纯天然配方，可应用于糖尿病人群的糖调节受损与协同改善糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖状况。本发明采用的是天然药食两用植物桑叶、葛根、桔梗,精提其主剂,与L‑阿拉伯糖科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型。按一定比例可制成固体饮料、固体粉末、口服糖果等各种产品，服食后可有效的协同改善糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖状况，改善了糖调节受损状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品保健技术领域，是一种以桑叶、葛根、桔梗为基础的符合药食同源的复合固体制品及其制备方法，具体是一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病（diabetes）是一种与胰岛素的产生和作用异常相关、以高血糖症为主要特征的内分泌代谢疾病，主要包括1 型和2 型糖尿病。据最新数据统计，我国目前糖尿病患者人数已高达1.14 亿，占全世界糖尿病患者总数的三分之一，成为全球糖尿病第一大国。调查报告显示，我国糖尿病人群以2 型糖尿病为主，占糖尿病患者总数的90%以上[Xu Y,Wang L M, He J, et al. Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults[J]. JAMA, 2013, 310(9):948-958.]。以胰岛素相对缺乏和胰岛素抵抗为主的2 型糖尿病最终会导致高血糖，长期的高血糖症状会引起一系列的慢性并发症，如足病（足部溃疡、感染和坏疽）、肾病（肾功能衰竭、尿毒症）、眼病（视网膜病变、模糊不清、失明）、脑病（脑血管病变）、心脏病、皮肤病、性病等。因此，糖尿病并发症是导致糖尿病患者死亡的主要因素。然而，当前药物的药效有限且有副作用，如腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道功能紊乱，乳酸性酸中毒，体质量增加、低血糖等，因此开发作用于2 型糖尿病新靶点的药物成为国内外研究的热点[刘永贵, 解学星, 吴 疆, 等. 治疗 2 型糖尿病的新靶点药物研究进展[J]. 现代药物与临床, 2015, 30(2): 222-227.]。
糖尿病属于中医消渴症范畴，消渴之名首见于《黄帝内经》，并有“苦渴数饮”“热中善饥”“善食而瘦”等症状描述。其病因在于“五脏皆柔弱者，善病消瘅”的体质因素和“此肥美之所发也，此人必数食甘美而多肥也。肥者令人内热，甘者令人中满，故其气上逆，转为消渴”的饮食因素以及“怒则气上逆，胸中蓄积，血气逆流，转而为热，热则消肌肤，故为消瘅”的情志因素等共同作用的结果。消瘅即是糖尿病并发症出现期,此期可并见偏枯、仆击（脑血管病）、痿厥（周围神经病变）等并发症,是由脾瘅、消渴发展而来。
在现代研究中得出,饮食不节和过量饮酒导致调节糖代谢的肝脏受损,糖代谢紊乱,并引起胰岛氧化损伤,使得胰岛细胞凋亡,还影响胰岛素发挥作用的信号通路,最终发为糖尿病及其并发症,因此说明,饮食不节在消渴发病中起着重要作用。故消渴病与五脏关系密切。
目前临床使用的抗糖尿病药物按其作用机制可分为胰岛素增敏剂（双脈类、噻唑烷二酮类）、肤岛素促分泌剂（磺酰脲类、格列奈类、二肽基肽酶－４抑制剂类）、延缓糖类吸收类（ａ－萄荀糖苷酶抑制剂类）、膜岛素及其类似物等[Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ，Ａ．Ｄ．，Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓｏｆｍｅｄｉｃａｌｃａｒｅｉｎｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ—２０１４．［Ｊ］ＤｉａｂｅｔｅｓＣａｒｅ，２０１４．３７（Ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ１）：ｐ．Ｓ１４－Ｓ８０．]。现有的这些药物在临床上显示了一定的治疗效果，可以在一定程度上延缓２型糖尿病及其并发症的发展。但在长期的使用中，会出现药物耐受性；且其无法改变２型糖尿病的自然病程，基本不具备直接防治糖尿病并发症的作用；另外还会出现低血糖、心力衰竭、胃肠道反应等副作用[Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ，Ａ．Ｄ．，Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓｏｆｍｅｄｉｃａｌｃａｒｅｉｎｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ—２０１４．［Ｊ］ＤｉａｂｅｔｅｓＣａｒｅ，２０１４．３７（Ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ１）：ｐ．Ｓ１４－Ｓ８０．]。因此，在治疗２型糖尿病这样的复杂性疾病上，与化学药物相比，中药有着无可比拟的优势。
糖尿病的预防主要是指糖调节受损的干预治疗,糖调节受损是糖尿病前期和早期阶段,就我国约万表现为空腹血糖受损和糖耐量低减,对于糖调节受损的治疗以生活方式干预为主,药物治疗为辅当已经明确诊断为糖尿病其治疗则以生活方式干预、糖尿病心理教育等为基础辅助疗法,口服药物治疗为主要手段,如果病情继续发展导致胰岛细胞功能衰竭,则需要终身注射胰岛素或进行胰腺移植等。它的防治已普遍受到重视,饮食疗法是糖尿病的重要基础治疗措施之一,它是控制好血糖、延缓并发症发生发展的基础,由于糖尿病患者不得不禁食多种糖果、糕点等甜品,这对于喜好甜食的糖尿病患者来说造成很大的心理负担,成为一种“饮食痛苦”,长期控制饮食的困难与对糖尿病的危害恐惧均给糖尿病患者带来的心理痛苦,不仅是加重病情的重要因素,同样给糖尿病、肥胖等代谢性疾病的潜在群体带来不良的心理压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，进而提供一种采用的天然药食两用植物桑叶、葛根、桔梗,精提其主剂与L_阿拉伯糖科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品及其制备方法，可有效的协同改善糖尿病患者的血糖状况，改善糖调节受损状态，安全可靠无副作用，有效缓解糖尿病病情发展。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品，每份以重量份记，包含以下组份：桑叶30-90份，葛根10-30份，桔梗5-15份，L-阿拉伯糖3-6份。
进一步的，桑叶30-60份，葛根10-15份，桔梗5-10份，L-阿拉伯糖4-5份。
进一步的，桑叶60份，葛根15份，桔梗10份，L-阿拉伯糖4份。
一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品的制备方法，其步骤如下：
Ⅰ、取桑叶、葛根、桔梗粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用北京红星二锅头65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有桑叶、葛根、桔梗解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min；合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅲ、取备用粉末，用L-阿拉伯糖、糊精适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
进一步的，步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比为1：2。
本发明的有益效果是：采用纯天然配方，可应用于糖尿病人群的糖调节受损与协同改善糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖状况，采用的是天然药食两用植物桑叶、葛根、桔梗,精提其主剂,与L-阿拉伯糖科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型；按一定比例可制成固体饮料、固体粉末、口服糖果等各种产品，可用于制备成改善糖尿病患者糖调节受损的药物、食品或保健品的应用；服食后可有效的协同改善糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖状况，改善了糖调节受损状态。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
本实施例所涉及的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品，每份以重量份记，包含以下组份：桑叶30-90份，葛根10-30份，桔梗5-15份，L-阿拉伯糖3-6份。
作为本发明的一个实施例，桑叶30-60份，葛根10-15份，桔梗5-10份，L-阿拉伯糖4-5份。
作为本发明的一个实施例，桑叶60份，葛根15份，桔梗10份，L-阿拉伯糖4份。
本品中桑叶、葛根、桔梗的营养成分及L-阿拉伯糖的生理功能：
一、桑叶为桑科植物桑（Morus alba L.）的叶，占桑园年产干物质量的36%左右。然而，我国传统蚕丝业，桑叶除养蚕外，过剩的则被视为蚕桑生产过程中的废弃物而丢弃，远没有充分利用其资源价值，造成资源极大浪费。随着蚕桑资源综合开发利用研究的不断深入，桑叶的资源价值也得到了人们更多的关注。现代科学研究表明，桑叶在医药、食品、化工等领域具有极高的使用价值。
桑叶主要包括粗蛋白（26.2%～36.4%）、粗脂肪（3.2%～3.5%）、粗纤维（9.3%～10.7%）、灰分（7.2%～8.1%）、可溶无氮物（43.0%～54.4%）、碳水化合物（12.2%～20.4%）[吕鸿声.栽桑学原理[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社，2008：34.]。此外，桑叶中还含有色素、维生素、有机酸、黄酮、生物碱（1-Deoxynojirimycin，简称1-DNJ、DNJ）、多糖、挥发油、γ-氨基丁酸、超氧化物歧化酶（Cu-Zn SOD）、香豆素、甾醇及三萜类化合物等生理功能成分。桑叶入药用在我国有可追溯的历史悠久，《神农本草经》《中药大辞典》中均有记载。宫原知江子研究认为桑叶降血糖的机理是当其与其他食品同食时，其中含有的生物碱与小肠内的α-葡萄糖苷酶结合的能力超过麦芽糖、蔗糖等二糖，使小肠内的二糖难以分解为单糖而难以进入血液。国内外研究表明，桑叶中所含的生物碱和多糖是良好的α-糖苷酶竞争性抑制剂。陈福君报道患有四氧嘧啶糖尿病的小鼠，用自桑叶中提取的桑叶总多糖（TPM）能够明显地降低其体内含有的糖水平，增强小鼠的耐糖能力。Asano研究桑叶中分离得到的7种生物碱的降血糖活性，结果发现对糖苷酶抑制作用较强的是多羟基去甲莨菪碱。俞灵莺报道桑叶多糖在提高肝糖原含量方面有一定作用，同时使小鼠肝葡萄糖含量降低；另外，桑叶多糖可以促进正常小鼠胰岛素的分泌，当血糖水平下降时，胰岛素水平明显提高。Kimura研究7种生物碱对链脲左菌素（SYZ）引起的糖尿病小鼠降血糖的作用，指出GAL-DNJ、NMe-DNJ、fagomine在降低血糖水平方面均有一定的作用，尤其以fagomine、GAL-DNJ降血糖效果做好。桑叶总黄酮同样可以抑制α-糖苷酶活性，达到降低血糖的作用。俞灵莺报道桑叶总黄酮可以降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平，对蔗糖酶活性抑制率达到68.0%，对麦芽糖酶酶活性抑制率达到47.1%，乳糖酶活性抑制率较低，为27.8%。另外，若DNJ、类黄酮同时应用抑制血糖效果更好。Ito等报道将类黄酮与DNJ结合加入饮料，该饮料抑制血糖的效果比仅含DNJ饮料的效果更好。
二、葛根每100克含水分83．2克，蛋白质1．5克，脂肪0．2克，纤维0．0克，碳水化合物45．6克，热量(大卡)181.00。葛根的主要成分是淀粉，另外还含有黄酮类化合物，包括大豆甙、葛根素，另外还含有蛋白质、氨基酸、铁、铜、硒等营养元素，是一种适合各个年龄人群食用的滋养品，素来有“千年人参”的称号。葛根的食疗作用：
1）、葛根现代药理显示葛根具有增加冠脉和脑血流量、降压及降糖的作用。赵慧娟【赵慧娟,罗贵军.葛根素治疗2型糖尿病的疗效观察[J].实用中西医结合临床,2005, 5(1):23.】等临床研究,对比葛根素注射液合用降糖药组及单用降糖药组治疗型糖尿病的疗效,结果显示前组较后组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白下降显著,表明葛根素注射液有一定的降低血糖的作用。于少军【于少军,于健.葛根炮制前后化学成分的对比.中国中药杂志《中国中药杂志》年第卷第9期】报道葛根素具有改善型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的作用,从而治疗消渴。2）、葛根总黄酮大豆甙元和葛根素对高血压引起的头痛、头晕、耳鸣等症状有明显的疗效。静注葛根浸膏、总黄酮和葛根素，使血压短暂而明显降低。煎剂及醇浸膏给肾型高血压犬灌服，也有一定降压作用。腹腔注射葛根素能明显降低清醒自发高血压大鼠(SHR)的血压并减慢其心率。还可以使SHR的血清肾素活性(PRA)显著降低。大豆甙元固体分散物对麻醉家兔具有相对早而弱的降压作用。3）、葛根素在试管内能抑制ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集，对ADP和 5-HT诱导的家兔、绵羊和正常人的血小板聚集也有抑制作用。亦能抑制大鼠血小板中H-5-羟色胺的释放。4）、葛根浸膏对具有β-肾上腺素能受体的多种离体组织具有显著拮抗异丙肾上腺素效应的作用。葛根素能明显地降低大鼠心肌膜制剂中β-受体的最大结合容量。完全抑制肾上腺素对腺苷酸环化酶的激活作用。表明其有较为广泛的β-受体阻滞作用。5）、葛根对人体的作用相当多，主要是降脂、降压、降火、清热解毒、升阳解肌、解痉镇痛、透疹止泻、增加脑和冠状血糖、改善脑微循环，是防治高血压、高血脂、冠心病、心绞痛、糖尿病、脑血栓、肠胃病等多种疾病的药品的重要原料，同时对女性美容健身、丰胸等具有特殊功效。
近年来又从葛根中分离出一些芳香苷类化合物如葛A、C等以及一些三萜皂苷类化合物如黄豆苷原A、B，葛根皂苷原A、B、C等。这些成分对心血管疾病尤其是因循环系统障碍引起的疾病产生积极的预防和保健作用。
三、桔梗每100克含有总卡路里：45.54大卡，脂肪总量：-克，多不饱和脂肪酸：-克，单不饱和脂肪酸：-，胆固醇：-，碳水化合物总量：5.58克，膳食纤维：2.90克，蛋白质：-，水分：-克，番茄红素：-，β-胡萝卜素：-，β-玉米黄质：-，叶黄素 + 玉米黄质：-，α-胡萝卜素：-，视黄醇：-，烟酸：-，泛酸：-，叶酸：-，核黄素：-，膳食叶酸：-，叶酸（DFE）：-，胆碱：-，维生素A：-，维生素C：36.0毫克，维生素B6：-，维生素B12：-，维生素B1：-，维生素K：-，维生素A(RAE)：-，维生素D(IU)：-，维生素D(mcg)：-，维生素E：3.67毫克，钙：183毫克，铁：3.10毫克，镁：41.0毫克，磷：106毫克，钾：146毫克，钠：12.2毫克，锌：0.21毫克，铜：0.05毫克，锰：0.02毫克，硒：-。
另外，桔梗中含有16种以上的氨基酸，包括人体所必需的8种氨基酸。每100克桔梗嫩茎叶含蛋白质02克，粗纤维32克，胡萝卜素8.81毫克，维生素C138毫克。每100克桔梗根含维生素B：0.44毫克，维生素C10毫克，核黄素0.63毫克，胡萝卜素8.81毫克。并含远志酸、桔梗酸、皂苷、菠菜甾醇、三萜烯类物质等。桔梗根含糖达6.12%，其中包括葡萄糖、桔梗聚糖、菊糖。
桔梗的食疗作用
正很多人都知道韩国人喜欢食用桔梗。桔梗菜是韩国的传统名菜,不仅味道可口,而且有医疗保健的功效。在韩国的各大市场,随处都有或保鲜、或冷藏、或腌制的桔梗出售。其实在我国,桔梗也自古便是一味药食兼具的中药。《神农本草经》记载桔梗"性平,味苦、辛,具有化痰止咳,利咽开音,宣畅肺气,排脓消痈的功效",现代医学研究还证实桔梗具有镇痛解热、镇静消炎、降血糖、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤的作用,其药用和保健价值都比较高。由于我国大部分地区都出产桔梗,因此食用较为方便,很适合人们用其进行食疗保健。
1、祛痰与镇咳作用：麻醉犬口服本品煎剂1g/kg，能显著增加呼吸道粘液的分泌量，其强度可与氯化铵相比。对麻醉猫亦有明显的祛痰作用。有报道桔梗皂甙的祛痰作用强于远志，次于美远志（PoygalasenegaL、）。而小鼠酚红法试验结果则弱于远志。桔梗所含皂甙口服时对咽喉粘膜及胃粘膜造成某种程度的刺激，反射地引起呼吸道粘膜分泌亢进，使痰液稀释，促使其排出，粗制桔梗皂甙有镇咳作用。豚鼠腹腔注射和镇咳半数有效量为6、4mg/kg。
2、降血糖作用：兔灌胃桔梗水或醇提取物200mg/kg可使血糖下降，水提取物的降血糖曲线与灌胃25-50mg/kg甲磺丁脲相似。水和醇提取物500mg/kg连续4天灌胃，对实验性四氧嘧啶糖尿病兔亦有降血糖作用，降低的肝糖原在用药后也见恢复，且能抑制食物性血糖上升，醇提取物的作用较水提取物强。
3、抑制胃液分泌和抗溃疡作用：粗制桔梗皂甙在低于1/5半数致死量的剂量时有抑制大鼠胃液分泌和抗消化性溃疡作用。100mg/kg剂量时，几乎能完全抑制大鼠幽门结扎所致的胃液分泌。大鼠十二指肠注入25mg/kg粗制桔梗皂甙，可防止消化性溃疡形成，其作用与皮下注射l0mg/kg阿托品相当，但100mg/kg灌胃对应激性溃疡形成的预防作用比皮下注射阿托品10mg/kg弱两倍，对大鼠醋酸所致的溃疡模型，粗制桔梗皂甙可使溃疡系数明显减少，且每日25mg/kg组的疗效比甘草提取物FM100每日200mg/kg组为高。
4、抗炎作用：粗桔梗皂甙有抗炎作用，灌服1/10-1/5半数致死量的剂量对大鼠后肢角叉菜胶性脚肿与醋酸性肿胀均有抗炎效果。灌胃小于1/10半数致死量的剂量，每日1次，连续给药，对大鼠棉球肉芽肿也有显著抑制作用，且对大鼠佐剂性关节炎也有效。此种制剂还能降低过敏反应，小鼠的毛细血管通透性。腹腔注射桔梗皂甙引起的小鼠扭体反应与腹腔渗出，灌胃同一皂甙可产生抑制。桔梗无直接抗菌作用，但其水提取物可增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强中性白细胞的杀菌力。提高溶菌酶的活性。
5、对循环系统的作用：大鼠以粗制桔梗皂甙静脉注射，可见暂时性血压下降，心率减慢和呼吸抑制。对离体豚鼠心耳，高浓度时呈负性肌力作用。麻醉犬动脉注入200-800mg/kg粗桔梗皂甙，能降低冠状动脉和尼肢血管的阻力，增加血流量，其强度可与罂粟碱相比。当4mg/kg静脉注射时也可增加冠状动脉和后肢血流量，并伴有暂时性低血压。据认为这种血管扩张是对外周血管的直接作用。
6、其它作用：粗桔梗皂甙有镇静、镇痛和解热作用。能抑制小鼠自发性活动，延长环己巴比妥钠的睡眠时间。但对电击和戊四氮惊厥无保护作用。桔梗皂甙可降低大鼠肝内胆固醇的含量，增加胆固醇和胆酸的排泄，还有抗乙酰胆碱和抗组胺作用，能抑制乙酰胆碱与组胺引起的离体豚鼠回肠收缩。大鼠灌胃桔梗2g/kg，对双侧颈静脉结扎造成的充血性水肿有抑制和利尿作用。体外试验表明，本品煎剂1：10对絮状表皮癣菌有抑制作用，本品所含的桦木醇400mg/kg时对大鼠瓦克Z56肌注肿瘤系统（SWA16）有边缘抗肿瘤活性。
四、 L-阿拉伯糖
L-阿拉伯糖，又称树胶醛糖、果胶糖；是一种戊醛糖。在自然界中L-阿拉伯糖很少以单糖形式存在，通常与其他单糖结合，以杂多糖的形式存在于胶质、半纤维 素、果胶酸、细菌多糖及某些糖苷中。其对热和酸的稳定性高。
L-阿拉伯糖，一种新型的低热量甜味剂，广泛存在于水果和粗粮的皮壳中，因可以抑制人体肠道内蔗糖酶的活性，从而具有了抑制蔗糖吸收的功效；此外，L-阿拉伯糖还可以抑制身体脂肪堆积，因而可被用于防治肥胖、高血压、高血脂等疾病。在日本厚生省将L-阿拉伯糖列入“调节血糖的专用特殊保健食品添加剂”；美国医疗协会将L-阿拉伯糖列入“抗肥胖的营养补充剂或非处方药”；之后，我国卫生部于2008年正式批准L-阿拉伯糖为新资源食品，确认了其在功能糖领域的重要地位。
生理功能
L-阿拉伯糖在食品和药品方面的使用功能主要有两项，一是能抑制水解双糖的酶，因此抑制因摄入蔗糖（在小肠蔗糖酶的作用下分解成葡萄糖和果糖而被吸收）而导致的血糖升高；简称抑制双糖水解的降糖作用。二是因L-阿拉伯糖对双糖水解酶的抑制作用，使在小肠里没被分解的蔗糖在大肠里被微生物分解产生出大量的有机酸，这种有机酸对肝脏合成脂肪有抑制作用，再加上L-阿拉伯糖在小肠里对吸收蔗糖的抑制作用，从而减少体内新脂肪的产生。L-阿拉伯糖可以与蔗糖配伍使用也可单独食用。在蔗糖中加入3.5%的比例，能够抑制人体60—70%蔗糖的吸收，长期使用可以降低血糖。单独食用L-阿拉伯糖，效果相同。
1、抑制代谢与吸收
L-阿拉伯糖最具代表性的生理作用是有选择性地影响小肠中的蔗糖酶，从而抑制蔗糖的吸收。据报道，在蔗糖中添加3.5%的L-阿拉伯糖，可以抑制60—70%蔗糖的吸收，同时也使血糖值少升高约50%。
2、抑制 血糖，脂肪
L-阿拉伯糖作为一种低热量的糖，抑制因摄入蔗糖而导致的血糖升高，因此可以抑制肥胖，预防并治疗与高血糖相关的疾病。
3、预防便秘
日本的研究结果显示：有便秘倾向的女性将添加了3%L-阿拉伯糖的蔗糖加入红茶等饮品中连续服用，每周的排便次数有明显增加。据三和淀粉株式会社试验证明，摄入添加5%阿拉伯糖的蔗糖还可以有效促进双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）的生长。L-阿拉伯糖本身是难以被消化道吸收的糖，在体内得不到利用的部分可从尿中排出。
4、对骨骼肌成分的影响
2005年日本的一项研究证明了L-阿拉伯糖对能量消耗和肌纤维成分的影响，通过对肥胖大鼠分别喂饲含20%的蔗糖膳食（C组）和添加1.5%L-阿拉伯糖的20%的蔗糖膳食（A组）21星期。C组大鼠的腹部脂肪组织重量和细胞大小显著增长，而A组大鼠的脂肪重量和细胞大小明显受到抑制。L-阿拉伯糖明显抑制给予葡萄糖2小时后的血糖上升。用呼吸商来评估时，A组大鼠脂肪消耗的能量百分比上升了12.8%。腹直肌的Ⅰ型纤维数量明显增加。像其他骨骼肌一样，腹直肌也是由I型和II型肌纤维组成。这些结果提示L-阿拉伯糖有改变骨骼肌纤维成分的功效，通过支配糖酵解到糖氧化来影响腹部脂肪组织的增长。这种肌纤维比例的改变可能有改善2型糖尿病的作用。
本发明的一个重要特点是制品中含有丰富的营养成分部位，其中刺桑叶中所含的生物碱、总黄酮和多糖是良好的α-糖苷酶竞争性抑制剂；葛根中含有葛根素、大豆甙黄酮类化合物，具有增加冠脉和脑血流量、降压及降糖的作用；桔梗中含有的桔梗聚糖、菊糖和远志酸、桔梗酸、皂苷、菠菜甾醇、三萜烯类物质等，具有镇痛解热、镇静消炎、降血糖、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤的作用。
本发明营养成分部位经初步食用验明：可增强人体糖代谢平的调节，改善糖调节受损状态，将该营养成分部位可用于调节人体糖代谢平衡，改善糖调节受损的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
本发明选用药食同源的天然食用植物为原料，各组分符合食药政法规定，利用各味的综合作用调节人体糖代谢平衡，改善糖调节受损；无化学添加剂，对人体无毒无害。
本发明工艺简单，成本低，易于获得营养成分部位，适用于工业化生产，可用于制备成调节人体糖代谢平，改善糖调节受损状态的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
本实施例所涉及的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品的制备方法，其步骤如下：
Ⅰ、取桑叶、葛根、桔梗粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用北京红星二锅头65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有桑叶、葛根、桔梗解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min；合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅲ、取备用粉末，用L-阿拉伯糖、糊精或可溶性淀粉适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
作为本发明的一个实施例，步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比为1：2。
糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)的诊断，目前我国采用2010年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)制定的标准。糖尿病(DM)的早期治疗至关重要，不仅可以延缓病情发展，而且可以防止或延缓失明、肾衰、心血管疾病、截肢等并发症的发生[Diabetes Program ResearchGroup. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyleintervention or metformin [J]. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(6):393-403.-TUOMILEHTO J, LINDSTROM J, ERIKSSON JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetesmellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucosetolerance [J]. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(18):13431350.]。
空腹血糖是指隔夜禁食8-12小时之后，于次日早餐前所测的血糖（通常不超过早晨8点），午餐和晚餐前的血糖不属于空腹血糖。监测空腹血糖，可以排除相关影响因素，最真实地反映血糖控制情况，同时可以检验药物疗效，尤其有助于发现低血糖。正常空腹血糖应≤6.1 mmol /L ；如果空腹血糖在6.1-7.0mmol/L 之间，需要加强血糖控制；若空腹血糖＞7.0 mmol/L，说明血糖控制差，要调整糖尿病的管理方案。
餐后2小时血糖是指从吃第一口饭开始计时，2小时后准时采血所测的血糖值。对多数2型糖尿病患者来说，餐后2小时血糖有时比空腹血糖更重要，因为这类患者空腹血糖可能并不高，但因为2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素分泌功能已经受损，进餐后，胰岛受高血糖刺激反应较差，分泌胰岛素不足，而出现餐后高血糖，根据IDF2007年有关餐后血糖控制的指南：我们知道，餐后2小时血糖是心脑血管并发症的独立预测因子，餐后2小时血糖＞7.8mmol/L会明显增加心血管疾病发生的风险。而自我血糖监测是目前监测餐后血糖最有效和最实用的工具，可以监测控制餐后血糖的药物治疗效果，同时对预防心脑血管疾病起到监控作用。
随机血糖用血糖仪在一天中任何时候测得的血糖叫随机血糖，糖友在怀疑有低血糖或明显高血糖时随时检查。正常人随机血糖不超过11.1 mmol/L 。如果超过，糖尿病人就要好好调整自己的饮食运动药物治疗方案了（如果牵涉重要的药物调整，请先咨询您的医生），如果以前没有发现血糖高，没有被诊断糖尿病，则需要到医院做进一步的检查，诊断一下是否有糖尿病。
糖尿病患者普遍存在重视空腹血糖、忽视餐后血糖的倾向，这是很不明智的。事实上，后者的价值丝毫不逊于前者，甚至更加重要。两者意义不同，不能相互替代。
评价方法，初步评价的患者保持原有糖尿病饮食、运动、降糖药物治疗的基础上加服复方桑叶糖调节受损固体制品，将500mg 复方桑叶糖调节受损固体粉末加入0.5g 胶囊口服1次3粒，每天3次，连续调节治疗2 个星期。
观察指标，采用随机血糖血糖仪法，对空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖进行测定。
统计学方法，数据分析使用Excel作配对t检验，两组间比较采用检验，P< 0.05 为差异有统计学意义；
结论见表1、表2，初步评价结果说明了复方桑叶糖调节受损固体制品可有效的协同改善糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖状况，改善了糖调节受损状态。
表1 空腹血糖Excel配对t检验结果
分析结果，P<0.01说明两组数据总体存在极显著性差异。
表2 餐后2小时血糖Excel配对t检验结果
分析结果，P<0.01说明两组数据总体存在极显著性差异。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品，每份以重量份记，包含以下组份：桑叶30-90份，葛根10-30份，桔梗5-15份，L-阿拉伯糖3-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品，其特征在于，桑叶30-60份，葛根10-15份，桔梗5-10份，L-阿拉伯糖4-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品，其特征在于，桑叶60份，葛根15份，桔梗10份，L-阿拉伯糖4份。
4.一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品的制备方法，其步骤如下：
Ⅰ、取桑叶、葛根、桔梗粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用北京红星二锅头65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有桑叶、葛根、桔梗解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min；合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅲ、取备用粉末，用L-阿拉伯糖、糊精适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复方桑叶糖调节受损制品的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比为1：2。
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| US20030118663A1 (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-06-26 | Ching-Ming Chang | Method and composition for treating diabetes |
| CN1511565A (zh) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-14 | 董俊明 | 降糖浸膏颗粒剂的制作方法 |
| CN103404757A (zh) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-11-27 | 胡安然 | 一种高血糖患者食用的特殊膳食 |
| CN104431741A (zh) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-03-25 | 张桂英 | 一种谷物调理粥及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN104432084A (zh) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-03-25 | 张桂英 | 一种调理粉及其制备方法和用途 |
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| EP3888669A4 (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2022-03-09 | Helixmith Co., Ltd. | COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING METABOLIC BONE DISEASES OR SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE |
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