CN108541487B - Device and method suitable for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under open air condition - Google Patents
Device and method suitable for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under open air condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541487B CN108541487B CN201810235921.4A CN201810235921A CN108541487B CN 108541487 B CN108541487 B CN 108541487B CN 201810235921 A CN201810235921 A CN 201810235921A CN 108541487 B CN108541487 B CN 108541487B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/021—Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
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Abstract
A device suitable for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under open air condition belongs to the technical field of plant seedling cultivation. The device comprises a container body, a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover and a water guiding device. The container body designed by the invention is used for firstly culturing aseptic seedlings, a water guide device is arranged by inoculating a microbial inoculum to the root system of the aseptic seedlings at the inoculation hole of the container body, and the container body is wrapped by a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover and is moved outdoors, so that the cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is realized. The invention can cultivate mycorrhizal seedlings in an anti-pollution way without greenhouse facilities or indoor conditions, solves a series of technical problems of large-scale, low-cost and high-quality cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings, can be used for nursery seedling in arid areas, can greatly save water and improve the survival rate of seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling raising, and particularly relates to a device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under open air conditions and a method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings by using the device.
Background
Mycorrhizal edible fungi such as bolete, truffle, lactarius deliciosus and the like are important species in edible fungi, and are symbiotic on the root system of trees to form exogenous mycorrhiza, absorb photosynthetic products of plants, and simultaneously supply nutrients absorbed by the bolete, truffle, lactarius deliciosus and the like to the trees for utilization and are in a symbiotic relationship. At present, the common practice of artificially cultivating mycorrhizal edible fungi is to firstly cultivate symbiotic sapling in a sterilized culture medium, inoculating mycelium or spore and other propagules as a microbial inoculum to the root system of the aseptic seedling, then hardening off the inoculated mycorrhizal seedlings (some are not hardened off) in open air after the mycorrhizal seedlings are cultivated in a laboratory or a greenhouse for a period of time, and transplanting the mycorrhizal seedlings to a production site for fruiting after the mycorrhizal seedlings reach the requirements. However, the main problems of the prior art are: (1) The mycorrhizal seedling cultivation can only be cultivated in a greenhouse or a laboratory, is difficult to produce in large scale, has low production operability, and has large facility investment and high mycorrhizal seedling production cost. (2) The mycorrhizal seedling cultivation period is long, a large amount of clean water is needed, tap water after high-temperature sterilization is mainly used under the laboratory condition at present, and the cost is high. Tap water or rainwater is adopted in large-scale production, and non-target mycorrhizal fungus infection exists. (3) The current common methods for inoculating aseptic seedlings include root dipping inoculation of a microbial inoculum, sowing inoculation of the microbial inoculum and perforation filling inoculation of the microbial inoculum. The microbial inoculum root dipping and microbial inoculum broadcast seeding methods are both used for transplanting aseptic seedlings, the seedling root system is easy to damage in the transplanting seedling recovery period, the seedlings are extremely easy to die when the weather is improper, the seeding failure is caused, the conventional punching filling microbial inoculum seeding method has little influence on the seedlings, the direct contact opportunity of the inoculated microbial inoculum and the seedling root system is small, the growth speed of inoculated strains is very slow, and the strains are not easy to survive for a long time, so that the mycorrhiza infection rate is reduced. (4) After inoculation of the sterile seedlings with the inoculant, especially three months after inoculation, the moisture management of the culture medium is very difficult and difficult to master accurately, often resulting in reduced mycorrhiza infection rates and even seedling decay and death. (5) The container for culturing mycorrhizal seedlings used at present is a common seedling culturing container, needs to be placed in a greenhouse or under indoor conditions, needs fluorescent lamps to provide light sources, and is high in energy consumption and cost, and not beneficial to large-scale cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings. Insufficient illumination under greenhouse conditions influences photosynthesis and mycorrhiza synthesis effects of the seedlings. (6) When the seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi are directly placed in an open air condition by adopting a common seedling raising container, the seedling raising substrate is easy to lose water, and the natural non-target mycorrhizal fungi spores and other propagules (can be transmitted into the substrate through rainwater, wind or underground soil), so that the non-target mycorrhizal fungi (such as puffball, abdominal fungus and the like) are infected, pollution is very easy to cause, and the cultivation of the target mycorrhizal fungi fails.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings in open air. The device is used for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings, so that root system parts of mycorrhizal seedlings grow and develop under relatively closed conditions in the whole growth process, the non-target fungus propagules are difficult to invade the root systems of the seedlings to infect the seedlings, and target mycorrhizal fungi are easy to survive after artificial inoculation, and further qualified mycorrhizal seedlings can be cultivated in a large scale and at low cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
device suitable for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under open air condition, its characterized in that: the device comprises a container body for cultivating aseptic seedlings and mycorrhizal seedlings, a shading, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover for covering the container body, and a water guide device for injecting water to the mycorrhizal seedlings.
The device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is characterized in that: the side wall of the container body is provided with an air hole and an inoculation hole, a step is inwards arranged at the joint of the side wall of the container body and the lower bottom surface, the step is provided with a pore plate in a matched mode, and a drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the container body between the lower bottom surface and the pore plate. Preferably, the container body is made of a black opaque hard plastic material.
The device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is characterized in that: the upper end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with an elastic tying, the lower end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with a water outlet, and binding ropes are matched with the elastic tying; the light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover is made of black-and-white reflective film materials, and the white color is outwards and the black color is inwards; the cover body wraps the container body, the elastic tying is tied at the root and stem parts of the nursery stock by adopting a tying rope, and a gap (namely a water outlet) is reserved on the side edge of the container base for water drainage; preferably, the binding rope is an elastic rope having elasticity.
The device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is characterized in that: the water guide device consists of a hollow bent pipe and a tripod guide bracket fixedly connected with the bent pipe, and a water guide groove is arranged below the tripod guide bracket; for diverting water droplets.
The device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is characterized in that: the inoculation holes on the side wall of the container body are circular, the diameter of each hole is 1.5-2cm, 3-6 inoculation holes are arranged and distributed uniformly in a ring shape, and the inoculation holes are arranged at the middle upper part of the container body; the inoculation hole is provided with an inoculation hole cover in a matched mode, and the edge of the inoculation hole cover is provided with an inner buckle and an outer buckle for fixing the inoculation hole cover on the container body.
The device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under the open air condition is characterized in that: the distance between the lower bottom surface of the container body and the pore plate is 1-2cm, namely the height of the step is 1-2cm.
The method is suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings in open air and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a seedling raising device: the device comprises a container body for cultivating aseptic seedlings and mycorrhizal seedlings, a shading, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover for covering the container body, and a water guide device for injecting water to the mycorrhizal seedlings; the side wall of the container body is provided with an air hole and an inoculation hole, a step is inwards arranged at the joint of the side wall of the container body and the lower bottom surface, the step is provided with a pore plate in a matched manner, and the side wall of the container body between the lower bottom surface and the pore plate is provided with a drain hole; the upper end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with an elastic tying, the lower end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with a water outlet, and binding ropes are matched with the elastic tying; the light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover is made of black-and-white reflective film materials, and the white color is outwards and the black color is inwards; the water guide device consists of a hollow bent pipe and a tripod guide bracket fixedly connected with the bent pipe, and a water guide groove is arranged below the tripod guide bracket; the inoculation hole is provided with an inoculation hole cover in a matched mode, and the edge of the inoculation hole cover is provided with an inner buckle and an outer buckle for fixing the inoculation hole cover on the container body.
2) Sterile seedling cultivation: filling sterilized seedling raising matrix into the container body, sowing the surface sterilized seeds for culturing aseptic seedlings into the seedling raising matrix, irrigating with aseptic water, and culturing in a greenhouse or a greenhouse;
3) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: preparing a microbial inoculum with mycelium as an inoculum or with spores as an inoculum; preferably, the microbial inoculum is a liquid microbial inoculum with mycelium as an inoculum; the preparation method of the microbial inoculum taking mycelium as an inoculum comprises the following steps: after mycelium is propagated by liquid, the mycelium is filtered to obtain mycelium pellets, the mycelium pellets and nutrient solution are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 3-5g of sodium alginate is added into each 1000ml of mycelium pellet nutrient solution, and the mycelium pellets and nutrient solution are uniformly stirred;
4) Aseptic seedling inoculation: after the lateral roots of the aseptic seedlings develop, the inoculation hole cover is taken down, a puncher is adopted to punch holes in the inoculation hole of the container body, then a microbial inoculum is inoculated, the inoculation hole cover is fixed at the inoculation hole through an inner buckle and an outer buckle, and nutrient solution is poured on the surface of the substrate; then adding sterilized seedling raising matrix again into the container body until the container body is full and the seedling raising matrix is slightly steamed bread-shaped, placing a water guide device on the seedling raising matrix, requiring the bent pipe to be abutted against the stem part of the aseptic seedling, pouring nutrient solution on the surface of the matrix, covering a shading, rain-shielding and dust-proof cover on the container body, enabling the rhizome of the aseptic seedling and the bent pipe of the water guide device to pass through an elastic tying, and tying a tying rope at the elastic tying part; the hole puncher consists of a hole punching end and a handle end, wherein the hole punching end is flat and sharp, has a length of 5-6cm and a width of 1.5-1.8cm, the handle end is cylindrical, has a length of 8-12cm and a diameter of 1.5-1.8cm;
5) Cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings: the inoculated aseptic seedlings are moved out of a greenhouse or a greenhouse, are cultured under natural environment conditions, and are injected with aseptic water through an inlet of a water guide device; the sterile water is derived from groundwater having a depth of 15m or less.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The device designed by the invention has simple structure, is convenient to use, avoids facilities such as a greenhouse, can cultivate target exogenous mycorrhizal seedlings in a large scale, and greatly reduces the infection of non-target mycorrhizal fungi (such as puffball, abdominal bacteria and the like). (2) The container body is made of a black opaque hard plastic material and plays a role of a supporting framework, and the black material provides a dark environment for mycorrhizal fungi and root systems. An inner space of 1-2cm is arranged between the lower bottom surface of the container body and the pore plate, so that the container body is prevented from being in direct contact with a nursery land, and the infection of indigenous mycorrhizal seedlings to a seedling raising matrix is prevented; the side wall is provided with the air holes which can meet the breathing requirements of mycorrhizal fungi and root systems. The side wall is provided with an inoculation hole which is convenient for punching and inoculating the target microbial inoculum. (3) The light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover is a soft black-and-white reflective plastic film, the white color is outwards, the black color is inwards, a small opening is reserved at the upper end of the light-shielding, the elastic tying rope is adopted at the root stem of the seedling, the phenomenon that non-target mycorrhizal fungi are infected by media such as rainwater or wind is avoided, meanwhile, the black-and-white reflective plastic film can reflect illumination to the leaf of the seedling, photosynthesis is increased, and meanwhile, the damage to mycorrhizal fungi and root systems caused by the loss of moisture in the matrix and the damage to the mycorrhizal fungi and the root systems caused by the overhigh temperature in the matrix due to the direct irradiation of the illumination to the matrix are reduced. (4) The inoculation method adopts the perforation filling microbial inoculum, and adds nutrient solution to induce the microbial inoculum to continue growing, prolongs the survival period of strains, adopts a sharp puncher to properly cut off lateral roots or hurt cortical tissues, is beneficial to hypha infection root systems, does not influence the growth of seedlings, and can greatly improve the mycorrhiza infection rate. (5) The water guide device designed by the invention has the functions of watering mycorrhizal seedlings on one hand and supporting the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing covers on the other hand, and the bent pipe of the water guide device is connected with a drip irrigation water pipe, namely, the drip irrigation is adopted for watering thoroughly, watering is not needed for a long time, the water content of seedling substrates is well maintained, the stability of the growth environment of the root systems of the seedlings is maintained, the influence of moisture change on mycorrhizal fungi and the root systems is reduced, and especially, three months after inoculation. (6) The invention saves water, on one hand, the use of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover reduces the water evaporation of seedling raising matrix, and on the other hand, the invention adopts groundwater to supply, thereby solving the difficult problem that a large amount of sterile water is needed in production. (7) Compared with the conventional seedling culture container for culturing mycorrhizal seedlings, the invention obviously reduces the mixed bacterial infection rate and greatly improves the synthesis rate of target mycorrhizal. The invention can cultivate mycorrhizal seedlings without greenhouse facilities or indoor conditions, namely under open air conditions, solves a series of technical problems of large-scale, low-cost and high-quality cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings, can also be used for nursery seedling in arid areas, can greatly save water and improve the survival rate of seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mycorrhizal seedling cultivated according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mycorrhizal seedling cultivated in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention without the light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-proof cover;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a container body according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a water guiding device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the access port cover of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hole puncher according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a three-view of the hole punch of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a morphology of Boletus fuscosus-Combretas fasciatus;
FIG. 10 is a morphology of Rumex citri-Marathogen
In the figure: 1-a container body; 2-a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover; 3-a water guiding device; 1-1-ventilation holes; 1-2-inoculation holes; 1-3 steps; 1-4-drainage holes; 1-5-well plate; 1-6-inoculation hole cover; 1-7, inner and outer buckles; 2-1, tightening and tying; 2-2-water outlet; 2-3-tying rope; 3-1-bending pipe; 3-2-tripod guide bracket; 3-3-a water guiding groove; 4-1-punching a hole end; 4-2-handle end.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-10 and the detailed description.
Example 1
The invention relates to a device suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings under open air conditions, which mainly comprises the following three parts: a container body 1 for cultivating aseptic seedlings and mycorrhizal seedlings, a light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-proof cover 2 for covering the container body, and a water guide device 3 for injecting water into the mycorrhizal seedlings.
According to the container body 1 designed by the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the ventilation holes 1-1 are formed in the side wall of the container body 1, so that better ventilation of seedling substrate plant root systems is realized, and the mycorrhizal fungi and root system respiratory requirements are met; the side wall of the container body 1 is also provided with an inoculation hole 1-2 which is convenient for punching and inoculating the target microbial inoculum. In order to avoid direct contact between the bottom of a seedling raising container and a nursery land and avoid infection of indigenous mycorrhizal seedlings to seedling raising matrixes, a step 1-3 is inwards arranged at the joint of the side wall of a container body 1 and the lower bottom surface, a pore plate 1-5 is arranged on the step in a matched mode, a drain hole 1-4 is arranged on the side wall of the container body between the lower bottom surface and the pore plate, 1-2cm of inner space is kept between the lower bottom surface and the pore plate, namely, the height of the step 1-3 is 1-2cm, when the seedling raising matrix is positioned above the pore plate 1-5, redundant moisture in the matrixes flows out into the inner space between the lower bottom surface and the pore plate through the hole on the pore plate 1-5, and then flows out of the container body through the drain hole 1-4 on the side wall. The inoculation holes 1-3 on the side wall of the container body can be circular, the diameter of the holes is 1.5-2cm, 3-6 inoculation holes are arranged and distributed evenly in a ring shape, and the inoculation holes are arranged at the middle upper part of the container body. In order to facilitate inoculation and seal the inoculation hole after inoculation, the invention is provided with an inoculation hole cover 1-6 in a matched manner on the inoculation hole 1-3, the edge of the inoculation hole cover 1-6 is provided with an inner buckle 1-7 and an outer buckle 1-7 for fixing the inoculation hole cover on the container body, the inner buckle and the outer buckle are preferably arranged in 3 pairs and are divided into an inner buckle and an outer buckle (see figure 6), the inner buckle is buckled on the inner side of the side wall of the container body, and the outer buckle is buckled on the outer side of the side wall of the container body.
The shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover 2 designed by the invention is preferably made of black and white reflective film materials, and white faces outwards and black faces inwards. The upper end of the device is provided with an elastic tying 2-1, the lower end is provided with a water outlet 2-2, and the elastic tying 2-1 is matched with a binding rope 2-3; the binding ropes 2-3 are preferably elastic ropes and are tied at the root and stem parts of the seedlings, the tightness is suitable for avoiding the inflow of excessive loose rainwater and also avoiding the adverse effect of excessive tightening on plant growth. Because the cover body wraps the container body, a gap (namely a water outlet 2-2) is reserved on the side edge of the base of the container body for water drainage, the root system and the seedling culture substrate are prevented from being in direct contact with the nursery land, and the indigenous mycorrhizal seedlings are spread into the seedling culture substrate. The design of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover avoids the infection of non-target mycorrhizal fungi by the medium such as rainwater, wind, nursery soil and the like, and simultaneously, the black and white reflective plastic film can reflect the illumination to the leaf parts of the nursery stock, thereby increasing photosynthesis, and simultaneously reducing the influence of the illumination on the direct irradiation of the matrix on the water loss in the matrix and the damage of the excessive temperature in the matrix on mycorrhizal fungi and root systems.
The water guide device 3 designed by the invention is shown in fig. 5, the water guide device 3 is composed of a hollow bent pipe 3-1 and a three-leg guide bracket 3-2 fixedly connected with the bent pipe, and a water guide groove 3-3 is arranged below the three-leg guide bracket 3-2. When the drip irrigation device is used, the water inlet end of the bent pipe 3-1 is connected with a drip irrigation water pipe, namely, permeable drip irrigation water is adopted, water seepage irrigation water flow is adopted, and the influence on root system and hypha development is small. The seedling substrate is thoroughly irrigated once, irrigation is not needed for a long time, the water content of the seedling substrate is well maintained, the stability of the growth environment of the root system of the seedling is maintained, the influence of moisture change on mycorrhizal fungi and the root system is reduced, and especially three months after inoculation. The structure plays the effect of watering the mycorrhizal seedlings on one hand, and on the other hand plays the role of supporting the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover to prevent rainwater from flowing backwards into the container.
The cultivation method of mycorrhizal seedlings by using the device comprises the steps of preparing a seedling substrate, preparing a mycorrhizal fungicide, cultivating aseptic seedlings, inoculating the aseptic seedlings, cultivating the mycorrhizal seedlings and the like.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) Culturing aseptic seedlings: thoroughly soaking plant seeds for seedling raising with tap water, draining, removing inferior seeds, soaking for 1 hr with 0.1% potassium permanganate for surface sterilization, flushing with sterile water for three times, sowing into a container body filled with seedling raising matrix, culturing under the condition of 60-70% matrix humidity, and irrigating with sterile water; the seedling substrate needs to be sterilized for 1h at 121 ℃ and 0.1 MPa. This stage is cultivated in a greenhouse, greenhouse or laboratory. Of course, when the field is tense in a greenhouse, a greenhouse or a laboratory, after the sterile seedlings grow to a certain height, the sterile seedlings can be sleeved with a light-shielding, rain-shielding and dust-preventing cover and moved to the outdoor for cultivation;
2) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: preparing a microbial inoculum with mycelium as an inoculum or with spores as an inoculum; the microbial inoculum can be solid microbial inoculum or liquid microbial inoculum, wherein the liquid microbial inoculum has better effect. The preparation method of the microbial inoculum taking mycelium as an inoculum comprises the following steps: after mycelium is propagated by liquid, the mycelium is filtered to obtain mycelium pellets, the mycelium pellets and nutrient solution are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 3-5g of sodium alginate is added into each 1000ml of mycelium pellet nutrient solution, and the mycelium pellets and nutrient solution are uniformly stirred;
3) Aseptic seedling inoculation: after the lateral roots of the aseptic seedlings develop, the inoculation hole cover 1-6 is taken down, a puncher is adopted to punch holes at the inoculation hole 1-2 of the container body, then a microbial inoculum is inoculated, the inoculation hole cover 1-6 is fixed at the inoculation hole through the inner buckle 1-7 and the outer buckle 1-7, namely, the inoculation hole is sealed and fixed on the container body, and then nutrient solution is poured from the upper part of the container to the surface of the substrate; then, adding sterilized seedling raising matrix again into the container body 1 until the container body is filled and the seedling raising matrix is slightly steamed bread-shaped, then placing a water guide device 3 on the seedling raising matrix, requiring an elbow pipe 3-1 to be abutted against the stem part of the aseptic seedling, covering a shading, rain-shielding and dust-proof cover 2 on the container body 1, enabling the overground part of the aseptic seedling and the elbow pipe 3-1 of the water guide device 3 to pass through an elastic tying 2-1 and be positioned at the outer side of the shading, rain-shielding and dust-proof cover 2, and tying a tying rope 2-3 at the position of the elastic tying 2-1 by using the tying rope 2-3; see fig. 1-3. The hole puncher (see fig. 7-8) used in the invention is designed as follows: the puncher consists of a punching end 4-1 and a handle end 4-2, wherein the punching end is flat and sharp wedge-shaped (similar to an axe), the length is 5-6cm, the width is 1.5-1.8cm, the handle end is cylindrical, the length is 8-12cm, and the diameter is 1.5-1.8cm; the adoption of a sharp puncher can properly cut off lateral roots or hurt cortical tissues, which is beneficial to hyphae to infect root systems. The inoculation method is not affected on the growth of the nursery stock, and can also greatly improve the mycorrhiza infection rate;
5) Cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings: the inoculated aseptic seedlings are moved out of a greenhouse or a greenhouse, are cultured under natural environment conditions, and are injected with aseptic water through an inlet of a water guide device 3; the sterile water is derived from groundwater having a depth of 15m or less. When in use, the water inlet end of the bent pipe 3-1 is connected with a drip irrigation water pipe, namely, permeable drip irrigation is adopted for watering.
The invention is suitable for symbiotic seedling culture of mycorrhizal edible fungi such as bolete, lactarius deliciosus, truffle and the like, and the main technical links are as follows: (1) Selecting proper symbiotic tree species such as Phlebopus portentosus and Lactarius pinnatifida according to the characteristics of mycorrhizal edible fungi, wherein the symbiotic tree species are wetland pine, masson pine and the like; the symbiotic host plant of the truffle is hickory nut, chinese chestnut, yunnan pine and the like; (2) The container body of the container is adopted for aseptic seedling cultivation, the substrate is sterilized at high temperature, the water source is from groundwater below 15m, and the container is cultivated in a greenhouse or a room until the seeding requirement is met; (3) When the aseptic seedlings reach the inoculation requirement, a puncher is used for punching and filling the microbial inoculum, and nutrient solution is added to induce the microbial inoculum to continue growing, so that the contact opportunity and time of root systems and strains are increased; (4) The culture device of the invention is used, and the culture method and the operation steps after inoculation are correctly used; (5) The aseptic seedling is cultivated in a room or a greenhouse in a cultivation period, a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover and a water guiding device are covered after inoculation, and full illumination cultivation is performed under an open air condition. Compared with the common container for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings, the invention can greatly reduce the dip-dyeing of the powerful mycorrhizal fungi such as puffball and the like, obviously reduce the infection rate of mixed fungi, greatly improve the synthesis rate of target mycorrhizal fungi and provide technical guarantee for producing high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings in large scale and low cost.
Example 2
The apparatus of example 1 was used to inoculate and culture the wetland pine symbiotic seedlings of Boletus fuscosus by the following method:
1. and (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum:
1) Separating strain tissue: collecting Phlebopus portentosus fruiting body in western village and hundred orchards in Lishui Nelumbo nucifera, taking back to laboratory for tissue separation, collecting mung bean size tissue at joint position of the pileus and the stipe, placing on special solid culture medium, culturing for one week, and collecting mycelium for purification culture. The special solid culture medium comprises the following formula: 100g of potato is boiled and filtered to obtain juice, 25g of glucose, 1.5. 1.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.1 g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of ammonium tartrate, 0.5ml of 1% ferric citrate, 2.5ml of 0.1% zinc sulfate, 1 mg of vitamin B, 15g of agar and water are added to fix the volume to 1000ml.
2) And (5) propagation of strains: taking cultured strain, and cutting with a surgical knife to 1cm 2 3 strain blocks are placed into a liquid shake flask for culture, and the formula of a liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of potato is boiled and filtered to obtain juice, 25g of glucose, 1.5. 1.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.1 g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of ammonium tartrate, 0.5ml of 1% ferric citrate, 2.5ml of 0.1% zinc sulfate, 1 mg of vitamin B and water are added to fix the volume to 1000ml. 500ml shake flask is adopted, the liquid loading amount is 250ml, the culture temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 130r/min, and the culture is for 15d for standby.
3) Preparing a liquid microbial inoculum: the mycelium liquid microbial inoculum is prepared by adding 3-5g sodium alginate into mycelium filtered mycelium after liquid propagation and nutrient solution (the formula is the same as the liquid culture medium in the step 2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 and uniformly stirring every 1000ml.
2. Aseptic seedling cultivation
Wet land pine (pine)pinus elliottiiEngelm) seed is fully soaked in tap water and then drained to removeRemoving inferior seeds, soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate for 1 hr for surface sterilization, washing with sterile water for 3 times, sowing in a container body filled with seedling substrate, culturing under 60-70% humidity, and irrigating with sterile water; the seedling substrate needs to be sterilized for 1h at 121 ℃ and 0.1 MPa. The cultivation season of the aseptic seedlings is 8-9 months. Culturing in a greenhouse or greenhouse. The formula of the seedling substrate is vermiculite: grass carbon soil: perlite = 3:1:1 (volume ratio), natural Ph value.
3. Inoculation of
Inoculating in autumn and winter for 11-12 months, wherein the inoculating method comprises the following steps: the puncher is inserted downwards and obliquely into inoculation hole with punching depth of 5-10cm, liquid bacteria 5 ml/hole is injected into the inoculation hole, the inoculation hole is sealed, nutrient solution is evenly sprayed to the substrate from the upper part of the container by about 300-500ml, and the seedling substrate is added again and hilled into steamed bread shape.
4. Mycorrhizal seedling cultivation
And (3) installing a water guide device and a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover on the inoculated sterile seedlings, and culturing under open air conditions. Taking underground deep well water as a water source, watering for 2 weeks after inoculation, watering water according to the water content of soil, generally keeping the water content of the soil at 60-70%, and culturing for 6-12 months, wherein the inoculated Miao Xi surface mycelium covers of the wetland pine are formed, and the mycorrhizal shape is binary and white, as shown in figure 9.
Air spores from other bacteria, indigenous mycorrhizal bacteria in garden soil, spores in rainwater and the like, wherein the root system downwards grows and extends into the garden soil, and mycorrhizal bacteria such as puffball, rhizobia and the like are always present in the garden soil, so that the garden soil is extremely easy to infect. The infection of mycorrhiza of nursery seedling under open air condition is shown in table 1. The result shows that the mixed bacteria infection rate is up to 38.6% and the puffball infection rate is 28.1% by adopting a common container on the market for seedling cultivation. The infectious rate of the device used in the patent is 1.1 percent, and the infectious rate of puffball is 0. Compared with the conventional container for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings, the method greatly reduces the dip dyeing of puffball and other bacteria, thereby greatly improving the synthesis rate of the target mycorrhizal and providing technical support for producing high-quality bolete fuscoporia root seedlings in a large-scale and low-cost manner.
TABLE 1 infection of mycorrhiza for nursery seedlings under open air condition
Example 3
The device of example 1 was used to inoculate and culture a symbiotic seedling of Pinus massoniana of Lactarius rupestris, as follows:
1. and (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum:
1) Separating strain tissue: orange Lactarius is collected in Jinyun county ocean mountain forest region of Lishui city(Lactarius akahatsu) The sporophore is brought back to a laboratory for tissue separation, mung bean size tissue at the joint position of the fungus cover and the fungus handle is taken, and the sporophore is placed on a special solid culture medium for culturing for one week, and mycelium is selected for purifying and culturing for later use. The special solid culture medium comprises the following formula: 200g of potato is boiled and filtered to obtain juice, 20g of glucose, 5g of brown sugar, 1.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of ammonium chloride, 1g of peptone, 0.5ml of 1% ferric citrate, 1ml of 0.1% zinc sulfate, 1 mg of vitamin B, 20g of agar and water are added to fix the volume to 1000ml.
2) And (5) propagation of strains: taking cultured strain, and cutting with a surgical knife to 1cm 2 Culturing 5 strain blocks in a liquid shake flask, wherein the formula of a liquid culture medium comprises: 200g of potato is boiled and filtered to obtain juice, 20g of glucose, 5g of brown sugar, 1.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of ammonium chloride, 1g of peptone, 0.5ml of 1% ferric citrate, 1ml of 0.1% zinc sulfate, 1 mg of vitamin B, and water is added to fix the volume to 1000ml.
500ml shake flask is adopted, the liquid loading amount is 300ml, the culture temperature is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 140r/min, and the culture is 25d for standby.
3) Preparing a liquid microbial inoculum: the mycelium liquid microbial inoculum is prepared by adding 3-5g sodium alginate into mycelium filtered mycelium after liquid propagation and nutrient solution (the formula is the same as the liquid culture medium in the step 2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 and uniformly stirring every 1000ml.
2. Aseptic seedling cultivation
Radix seu herba Pinus MargaritiferaPinus massonianaLamb.) seeds were thoroughly soaked with tap water, drained, inferior seeds removed, and immersed in 0.1% potassium permanganateSoaking for 1 hr for surface disinfection, washing with sterile water for three times, sowing in a container body filled with seedling substrate (formula of vermiculite: sandy loam=1:1 (volume ratio), culturing under substrate humidity of 60-70%, and watering to obtain deep well water; the seedling substrate needs to be sterilized for 1h at 121 ℃ and 0.1 MPa. The cultivation season of the aseptic seedlings is 5-6 months. Culturing in a greenhouse or greenhouse.
3. Inoculation of
Inoculating in autumn and winter for 10-11 months, wherein the inoculation method comprises the following steps: the puncher designed in the invention in the embodiment 1 is adopted to downwards insert 5-10cm at the inoculation hole, after 5ml-10 ml/hole of liquid microbial inoculum is injected, an inoculation hole cover is used for sealing, about 300-500ml of nutrient solution is evenly poured on the seedling substrate from the upper part of the container, and the seedling substrate is added again and is earthed up to form a steamed bread shape.
4. Mycorrhizal seedling cultivation
And (3) installing a water guide device and a shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover on the inoculated sterile seedlings, and culturing under open air conditions. Taking underground deep well water as a water source, not watering for 2 weeks after inoculation, and then watering water according to the soil water content condition, generally keeping the soil water content at 60-70%, culturing for 6-12 months, wherein the inoculated Miao Xi surface mycelium sleeves of the pinus massoniana are formed, and the mycorrhiza forms are two-fork, rod-shaped, coral-shaped and reddish brown, and are shown in figure 10.
The infection of mycorrhiza of nursery seedling under open air condition is shown in table 2. The result shows that the common container is adopted for seedling cultivation, the infectious rate of the mixed bacteria is up to 41.1 percent, and the infectious rate of puffball is 30.6 percent. The infectious rate of the device used in the patent is 0.96%, and the infectious rate of puffball is 0. The infection rate of the mixed bacteria is obviously reduced, and the technical guarantee is provided for producing high-quality masson pine mycorrhizal seedlings in a large-scale and low-cost manner.
TABLE 2 mycorrhiza infection status table for nursery seedlings under open air conditions
Claims (9)
1. Device suitable for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under open air condition, its characterized in that: the device comprises a container body (1) for cultivating aseptic seedlings and mycorrhizal seedlings, a shading, rain and dust preventing cover (2) for covering the container body, and a water guiding device (3) for injecting water to the mycorrhizal seedlings; the upper end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover (2) is provided with an elastic tying (2-1), the lower end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with a water outlet (2-2), and the elastic tying (2-1) is matched with a binding rope (2-3) for tying on the root and stem parts of the nursery stocks; the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover (2) is made of black and white reflective film materials, and white faces outwards and black faces inwards.
2. A device suitable for cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings in open air according to claim 1, characterized in that: the novel container is characterized in that ventilation holes (1-1) and inoculation holes (1-2) are formed in the side wall of the container body (1), a step (1-3) is inwards formed in the joint of the side wall of the container body (1) and the lower bottom surface, an orifice plate (1-5) is arranged on the step in a matched mode, and a drain hole (1-4) is formed in the side wall of the container body between the lower bottom surface and the orifice plate.
3. A device suitable for cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings in open air according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water guide device (3) is composed of a hollow bent pipe (3-1) and a three-leg guide bracket (3-2) fixedly connected with the bent pipe, and a water guide groove (3-3) is arranged below the three-leg guide bracket (3-2).
4. A device suitable for cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings in open air according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inoculation holes (1-2) on the side wall of the container body are circular, the diameter of each hole is 1.5-2cm, 3-6 inoculation holes are uniformly distributed in a ring shape, and the inoculation holes are arranged at the middle upper part of the container body; the inoculation hole (1-2) is provided with an inoculation hole cover (1-6) in a matched mode, and the edge of the inoculation hole cover (1-6) is provided with an inner buckle (1-7) and an outer buckle (1-7) for fixing the inoculation hole cover on the container body (1).
5. A device suitable for cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings in open air according to claim 2, characterized in that: the distance between the lower bottom surface of the container body and the orifice plate (1-5) is 1-2cm, namely the height of the step (1-3) is 1-2cm.
6. The method is suitable for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings in open air and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a seedling raising device: the device comprises a container body (1) for cultivating aseptic seedlings and mycorrhizal seedlings, a shading, rain and dust preventing cover (2) for covering the container body, and a water guiding device (3) for injecting water to the mycorrhizal seedlings; the side wall of the container body (1) is provided with ventilation holes (1-1) and inoculation holes (1-2), a step (1-3) is inwards arranged at the joint of the side wall of the container body (1) and the lower bottom surface, an orifice plate (1-5) is arranged on the step in a matched mode, and a drain hole (1-4) is arranged on the side wall of the container body between the lower bottom surface and the orifice plate; the upper end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover (2) is provided with an elastic tying (2-1), the lower end of the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover is provided with a water outlet (2-2), and binding ropes (2-3) are matched with the elastic tying (2-1); the shading, rain shielding and dust preventing cover (2) is made of black and white reflective film materials, and the white color is outwards and the black color is inwards; the water guide device (3) is composed of a hollow bent pipe (3-1) and a three-leg guide bracket (3-2) fixedly connected with the bent pipe, and a water guide groove (3-3) is arranged below the three-leg guide bracket (3-2); an inoculation hole cover (1-6) is arranged on the inoculation hole (1-2) in a matching way, and an inner buckle (1-7) and an outer buckle (1-7) for fixing the inoculation hole cover on the container body (1) are arranged at the edge of the inoculation hole cover (1-6);
2) Sterile seedling cultivation: filling sterilized seedling raising matrix into the container body (1), sowing the seeds with sterilized surfaces for culturing aseptic seedlings into the seedling raising matrix, irrigating with aseptic water, and culturing in a greenhouse or a greenhouse;
3) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: preparing a microbial inoculum with mycelium as an inoculum or with spores as an inoculum;
4) Aseptic seedling inoculation: after the lateral roots of the aseptic seedlings develop, the inoculation hole cover (1-6) is taken down, a puncher is adopted to punch holes at the inoculation hole (1-2) of the container body, then a microbial inoculum is inoculated, the inoculation hole cover (1-6) is fixed at the inoculation hole through an inner buckle (1-7) and an outer buckle, and nutrient solution is poured on the surface of a substrate; then adding sterilized seedling raising matrix again into the container body (1) until the container body is filled and the seedling raising matrix is slightly steamed bread-shaped, placing a water guide device (3) on the seedling raising matrix, requiring an elbow pipe (3-1) to be abutted against the stem part of the sterile seedling, covering a shading, rain and dust cover (2) on the container body (1), enabling the rhizome of the sterile seedling and the elbow pipe (3-1) of the water guide device (3) to pass through a tightening opening (2-1) and be positioned at the outer side of the shading, rain and dust cover (2), and tying a binding rope (2-3) at the tightening opening (2-1);
5) Cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings: the inoculated sterile seedlings are moved out of a greenhouse or a greenhouse, are cultured under natural environment conditions, and are injected with sterile water through an inlet of a water guide device (3); the sterile water is derived from groundwater having a depth of 15m or less.
7. The method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings in the open air according to claim 6, wherein: the microbial inoculum in the step 3) is a liquid microbial inoculum taking mycelium as an inoculum.
8. The method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings in the open air according to claim 6, wherein: the hole puncher in the step 4) is composed of a hole punching end and a handle end, wherein the hole punching end is flat and sharp, has a length of 5-6cm, a width of 1.5-1.8cm, the handle end is cylindrical, a length of 8-12cm and a diameter of 1.5-1.8 cm.
9. A method for mycorrhizal seedling cultivation in open air according to claim 7, wherein: the preparation method of the liquid microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: after the mycelium is propagated by liquid, the mycelium is filtered to obtain mycelium pellets, the mycelium pellets and the nutrient solution are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 3-5g sodium alginate is added into each 1000 milliliters of mycelium pellet nutrient solution, and the mycelium pellets and the nutrient solution are uniformly stirred.
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