CN108531271B - 一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108531271B
CN108531271B CN201810321584.0A CN201810321584A CN108531271B CN 108531271 B CN108531271 B CN 108531271B CN 201810321584 A CN201810321584 A CN 201810321584A CN 108531271 B CN108531271 B CN 108531271B
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陶洪南
范本新
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Jiangsu Jieda Oil Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于机械用油技术领域，特别涉及一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油及其制备方法和应用，该防锈乳化油包括基础油、乳化剂、可膨胀微球、防锈剂、助溶剂、消泡剂，本方案利用切削加工所产生的热量，使微球遇热膨胀，膨胀后微球比表面积大幅增加，从而对悬浮于乳化体系中的微粉状切屑具有很好的吸附、收集作用。

Description

一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于机械用油技术领域，特别涉及一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
金属防锈油除了应具备良好的冷却性能、润滑性能、防锈防腐功能、易稀释性外，由于对金属的切削加工过程中会产生切屑，对防锈油体系形成污染，使刀具或砂轮的切削刃口锋利度下降，影响切削效果，降低工件的加工精度，因此除去切削时所生成的切屑、磨屑以及铁粉等，对于防锈油而言也是十分重要的指标。
对于切削加工时所产生的体积较大的切屑(如钻削加工中易出现的、肉眼可见的螺旋状切屑)，容易因为重力作用而发生较为明显的沉降，从而很快落入容器底部，与防锈油/液体系形成分离；但是粒径较小的粉末状切屑则不易沉降，倾向于悬浮于防锈油/液中影响切削体系的透明度，或附着在刀具及工件表面影响切削效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：切削加工时所产生的粒径较小的粉末状切屑自身不易沉降，附着在刀具及工件表面会影响切削效果，
对此本方案所采用的技术方案为：提供一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，按重量份数计算，该防锈乳化油包括如下组分：
Figure GDA0002715417070000011
其中，基础油为N7号机械油、N10号机械油、N15号机械油中的一种或几种的组合，
乳化剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温60、吐温80或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种的组合，
可膨胀微球具有核壳结构，以热塑性聚合物为壳，以烷烃或卤代烃为核，
微球的制备方法为：
(1)将低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体、交联剂、引发剂、烷烃或卤代烃混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的油相，
低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体为丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯中的一种或几种的组合，
交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯，其质量用量为低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体质量的0.5～2％，
烷烃为正戊烷(36℃)、异戊烷(沸点28℃)中的一种或两种的组合，其质量用量为低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体质量的15～30％；
(2)将分散稳定剂、乳化剂、水混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的水相；
(3)将步骤(1)中得到的油相和步骤(2)中得到的水相混合乳化分散成悬浮溶液后，在高压反应釜中搅拌反应，过滤，滤饼干燥后得可膨胀微球，
高压反应釜的压力为0.1～0.5MPa，搅拌反应的温度为50～80℃，反应时间为12～24小时，
防锈剂为苯并三氮唑、T747、三乙醇胺硼酸酯中的一种或几种的组合，
助溶剂为甘油、丙二醇中的一种或两种的组合，
消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述防锈乳化油的制备方法，在常温(25℃)下，将各组分充分混合即可。
使用时，将上述防锈乳化油加入水中搅拌成乳化液，将工件浸没于该乳化液中后，对工件进行切削加工。
本方案利用切削加工所产生的热量，使微球遇热膨胀，微球能够膨胀至原体积的30～40倍，比表面积大幅增加，甚至在微球表面出现孔洞，这使得膨胀后的微球对悬浮于乳化体系中的微粉状切屑具有很好的吸附、收集作用，增加了乳化切削体系的透明度，使操作人员能较为清楚地观察到加工时工件及刀具的状况，减少产品报废率，增加生产效率；也避免了这部分微粉切屑落在刀具或工件表面，对刀具寿命及切削效果产生影响；
微球膨胀所需热量基本来自于切屑加工所产生的摩擦热，变废为宝，这也为摩擦热的转移、排放提供了有效途径，避免了热量的堆积对刀具寿命及工件精度的不利影响。
具体实施方式
实施例1
可膨胀微球的制备：
(1)将甲基丙烯酸乙酯100重量份、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯1重量份、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰0.2重量份、异戊烷16重量份于常温(25℃)下混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的油相；
(2)将分散稳定剂氯化钠10重量份、十二烷基硫酸钠1.4重量份、水130重量份于常温(25℃)下混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的水相；
(3)将步骤(1)中得到的油相和步骤(2)中得到的水相混合并于冰水浴中搅拌得到悬浮溶液，将所得悬浮溶液置于高压反应釜中，于0.3MPa、60℃的氮气气氛下搅拌反应20小时实现悬浮聚合，过滤，滤饼50℃下干燥后得可膨胀微球，
该微球粒径为8～10微米，分布均匀，微球受热后，外层的热塑性聚合物壳体出现软化，内部的异戊烷转化为气体膨胀，扩大至原体积的30～40倍，使微球的比表面积也随之大幅增大。
一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，按重量份数计算，该防锈乳化油由如下组分组成：
Figure GDA0002715417070000031
将以上各组分在常温(25℃)下充分混合后得到防锈乳化油，再加入水中搅拌成乳化液，控制乳化液中含防锈乳化油的质量分数为10％。
实施例2
一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，按重量份数计算，该防锈乳化油由如下组分组成：
Figure GDA0002715417070000032
Figure GDA0002715417070000041
将以上各组分在常温(25℃)下充分混合后得到防锈乳化油，再加入水中搅拌成乳化液，控制乳化液中含防锈乳化油的质量分数为10％。
对比实施例1
在实施例1的基础上，所使用的微球不具备可膨胀功能，即微球内未加入异戊烷，其余组分及操作均同实施例1：
微球的制备：
(1)将甲基丙烯酸乙酯100重量份、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯1重量份、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰0.2重量份于常温(25℃)下混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的油相；
(2)将分散稳定剂氯化钠10重量份、十二烷基硫酸钠1.4重量份、水130重量份于常温(25℃)下混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的水相；
(3)将步骤(1)中得到的油相和步骤(2)中得到的水相混合并于冰水浴中搅拌得到悬浮溶液，将所得悬浮溶液置于高压反应釜中，于0.3MPa、60℃的氮气气氛下搅拌反应20小时实现悬浮聚合，过滤，滤饼50℃下干燥后得微球，
一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，按重量份数计算，该防锈乳化油由如下组分组成：
Figure GDA0002715417070000042
将以上各组分在常温(25℃)下充分混合后得到防锈乳化油，再加入水中搅拌成乳化液，控制乳化液中含防锈乳化油的质量分数为10％。
将材质、规格均相同的铁制工件分别浸没于上述实施例1、对比实施例1中加水配成的乳化液中(两种乳化液的用量相等，且均为过量，乳化液起初的温度均为25℃)，对浸没于各乳化液中的工件进行磨削加工，加工操作及参数相同，磨削加工进行到30分钟时，于两个乳化体系中距离刀具与工件不远的位置分别取乳化液(取样位置相同，取样的量相同)，趁热过滤掉样品乳化液中的微球后，对滤液进行成分检测，结果所取实施例1的滤液中铁粉质量含量仅为对比实施例1的16.3％；此时将被加工工件及刀具从乳化液中移出，实施例1乳化液中取出的工件及刀具表面相比于对比实施例1更为光洁。从这些现象可推断出，实施例1在使用可膨胀微球后，微球膨胀大量吸附了悬浮于乳化液中的铁粉切屑。
而在实际生产中分别采用这两种乳化液作为加工介质，磨削操作相同的基础上，在实施例1乳化液中进行磨削的刀具使用寿命为对比实施例1乳化液中工作刀具的2.7倍。

Claims (7)

1.一种节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，其特征在于：所述的防锈乳化油按重量份数计算包括，
Figure FDA0002715417060000011
所述的可膨胀微球具有核壳结构，以热塑性聚合物为所述的壳，以烷烃或卤代烃为所述的核，
所述可膨胀微球的制备方法为，
(1)将低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体、交联剂、引发剂、所述烷烃或卤代烃混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的油相；
(2)将分散稳定剂、乳化剂、水混合均匀，制得悬浮聚合的水相；
(3)将步骤(1)中得到的油相和步骤(2)中得到的水相混合乳化分散成悬浮溶液后，在高压反应釜中搅拌反应实现悬浮聚合，过滤，滤饼干燥后得所述的可膨胀微球。
2.如权利要求1所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述的低玻璃化温度的烯烃类单体为丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯中的一种或几种的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述的烷烃为正戊烷、异戊烷中的一种或两种的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，其特征在于：所述的基础油为N7号机械油、N10号机械油、N15号机械油中的一种或几种的组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油，其特征在于：所述的防锈剂为苯并三氮唑、T747、三乙醇胺硼酸酯中的一种或几种的组合。
6.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法为，在常温下，将各组分充分混合即可。
7.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述的节能自清洁型防锈乳化油的应用，其特征在于：所述的应用为，将所述防锈乳化油加入水中搅拌成乳化液，将工件浸没于所述乳化液中后，对所述工件进行切削加工。
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