CN108493096A - 一种退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法,通过退火过程,借助单层多组元金属氧化物(M)x(N)1‑x薄膜退火过程中低结晶温度M析晶、扩散和重新分布的特点,自发形成富N的(M)x(N)1‑x隧穿层/富M的(M)x(N)1‑x存储层/富N的(M)x(N)1‑x阻挡层电荷存储结构,其中M可在ZrO2、HfO2、La2O3、TiO2中任选一种,N可在SiO2、Al2O3中任选一种。
Description
技术领域
本发明属微电子器件及其材料领域,涉及一种利用退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法。
背景技术
随着信息社会的不断进步,非易失性半导体存储器获得了前所未有的发展。在非易失性存储器件家族当中,硅-氧化物-氮化物-氧化物-多晶硅(SONOS)型电荷陷阱存储器件以其稳定性高、与半导体工艺兼容性好等优点成为一种极具应用前景的存储结构,其中紧邻硅(Si)衬底的氧化物(SiO2)隧穿层、氮化物(Si3N4)存储层、以及紧挨着多晶硅电极的氧化物(SiO2)阻挡层构成典型的三明治电荷存储结构。器件在编程操作下,电荷穿过隧穿层,进入到存储层,被存储层中的缺陷俘获,从而达到信息存储的目的,其中阻挡层和隧穿层的存在,抑制了存储电荷在数据保持状态下,向衬底和电极方向的泄漏。
对于传统的SONOS型电荷存储器件,通常利用化学气相沉积、物理溅射等方法在衬底材料表面顺序生长隧穿层、存储层、和阻挡层形成电荷存储结构,器件制备过程比较复杂。基于简化非易失性电荷存储器件制备过程的考虑,我们发明了一种退火处理单层多组元金属氧化物薄膜工艺,借助多组元氧化物薄膜结晶过程组分重新分布机理,自发形成具有三明治电荷存储结构。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种退火处理单层多组元金属氧化物薄膜工艺,形成电荷存储结构的方法,操作简单。
所述退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法具体过程如下:
a)将硅衬底置于丙酮中,超声清洗1分钟,去除衬底表面杂质,然后将衬底置于氢氟酸稀溶液中,去除硅衬底表面的氧化物,然后将硅衬底放置在脉冲激光沉积系统腔内的衬底台上,将多组元金属氧化物(M)x(N)1-x和铝(Al)靶材置于靶材底盘上,其中M可在ZrO2、HfO2、 La2O3、TiO2中任选一种,N可在SiO2、Al2O3中任选一种,x在0.5-0.8范围内取值,沉积腔内压强为1×10-5Pa-5×10-5Pa;
b)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在硅衬底表面沉积一层厚度为20-30nm的(M)x(N)1-x薄膜,如图1(a)所示;
c)将衬底台温度升高到850℃,沉积的(M)x(N)1-x薄膜在850℃下,退火处理1小时,使 (M)x(N)1-x薄膜中发生相分离反应,结晶温度较低的M相趋向在(M)x(N)1-x薄膜中间部位析出,随着退火过程的进行,组分不断扩散和重新分布,晶粒逐渐粗化和长大,造成(M)x(N)1-x薄膜中间部位M组元较多,N组元较少,形成富M的(M)x(N)1-x,而(M)x(N)1-x薄膜两侧M组元较少,N组元较多,形成富N的(M)x(N)1-x,单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜在退火过程中自发形成三明治电荷存储结构,其中靠近硅衬底的富N的(M)x(N)1-x层作为隧穿层,富M的(M)x(N)1-x层作为电荷存储层,远离硅衬底的富N的(M)x(N)1-x层作为阻挡层,如图1(b)所示;
d)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在(M)x(N)1-x薄膜表面沉积一层100-200nm的Al金属作为电极,如图1(c)所示;
上述方法的原理是基于单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜退火处理过程的组分重新分布,由于M较N 具有更低的结晶温度,在退火过程中析出,并随着退火时间延长,M向薄膜中间部位扩散, N向薄膜两边扩散,导致M晶粒在薄膜中间部位聚集并长大。因此,单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜在退火处理过程中会自发形成富N的(M)x(N)1-x/富M的(M)x(N)1-x/富N的(M)x(N)1-x三明治电荷存储结构。图2(a)为未退火处理的单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜能带图,由于薄膜组分均匀,因此薄膜能带一致。经过退火处理,薄膜组分扩散和重新分布,M趋向聚集于薄膜中间,而N趋向聚集于薄膜两侧。M较N具有更小的禁带宽度,所以M含量越多,禁带宽度越小,N含量越多,禁带宽度越大,如图2(b)所示。
优选(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜,厚度为20nm,依据上述方法得到的结构,可用高分辨透射电子显微截面图表征,如图3所示:
从图3(a)中可以看出,未实施退火处理的(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2为单层结构,而经过850℃, 1小时的退火处理后(图3(b)),低结晶温度的ZrO2趋于在接近薄膜中间部位结晶长大,形成富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x,厚度约为10nm,由于ZrO2大部分扩散到薄膜中间部位结晶,薄膜两侧形成富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x。通过退火处理单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜,利用退火过程中组分的扩散和重新分布,实现了典型的三明治电荷存储结构,其中薄膜中间富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x薄膜层对应电荷存储结构的存储层,富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x薄膜层分别对应隧穿层和阻挡层。
上述方法所得电荷存储结构的存储性能可用不同栅极扫描电压下,电容-电压变化曲线表征,如图4所示:
从图中可以看出,未经过退火处理的薄膜,在不同栅极扫描电压下,没有表现出电容- 电压存储窗口,表明没有电荷存储性能,如图4(a)所示;而经过退火处理的薄膜,在±6V和±8V的栅极扫描电压下,分别具有2V和4V的存储窗口,表明该结构具有电荷存储性能。这主要是因为(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜经过退火处理,薄膜组分重新分布,自发形成典型的三明治电荷存储结构。当Al电极施加正向电压时,电场指向硅衬底方向,衬底当中的电子在电场力的作用下穿过富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x隧穿层进入富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x存储层,被存储层中的缺陷俘获,引起平带电压向正向的偏移;当Al电极施加负向电压时,电场指向Al电极,富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x存储层俘获的电荷在电场力的作用下,穿过富Al2O3的 (ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x隧穿层回到衬底,引起平带电压向负向的偏移,从而表现出电容-电压存储窗口。
附图说明
图1:a)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在硅衬底表面沉积(M)x(N)1-x薄膜;b)退火处理后由于组分扩散和重新分布,(M)x(N)1-x薄膜自发形成三明治电荷存储结构;c)利用脉冲激光系统沉积 Al电极。
图2:单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜退火处理前后能带排列示意图,a)退火处理前,b)退火处理后。
图3:单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜退火处理前后薄膜的高分辨透射电子显微结构截面图,a)退火处理前,b)退火处理后。
图4:单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜退火处理前后的电荷存储性能,a)退火处理前,b)退火处理后。
具体实施方式
实施例1:单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜制备过程如下:
a)将硅衬底置于丙酮中,超声清洗1分钟,去除衬底表面杂质,然后将衬底置于氢氟酸稀溶液中,去除硅衬底表面的氧化物,然后将硅衬底放置在脉冲激光沉积系统腔内的衬底台上,将多组元金属氧化物(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2和铝(Al)靶材置于靶材底盘上,沉积腔内压强为1 ×10-5Pa;
b)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在Si衬底表面沉积一层厚度为20nm的(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜;
c)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜表面沉积一层100的Al金属作为电极;
实施例2:退火处理单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜制备过程如下:
a)将硅衬底置于丙酮中,超声清洗1分钟,去除衬底表面杂质,然后将衬底置于氢氟酸稀溶液中,去除硅衬底表面的氧化物,然后将硅衬底放置在脉冲激光沉积系统腔内的衬底台上,将多组元金属氧化物(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2和铝(Al)靶材置于靶材底盘上,沉积腔内压强为1 ×10-5Pa;
b)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在Si衬底表面沉积一层厚度为20nm的(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜;
c)将衬底台温度升高到850℃,沉积的(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜在850℃下,退火处理1 小时,使(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜中发生相分离反应,结晶温度较低的ZrO2趋向在(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜中间部位析出,随着退火过程的进行,组分不断扩散和重新分布,晶粒逐渐粗化和长大,造成薄膜中间部位ZrO2组元较多,Al2O3组元较少,形成富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x,而(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜两侧ZrO2组元较少,Al2O3组元较多,形成富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x,单层(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜在退火过程中自发形成三明治电荷存储结构,其中靠近硅衬底的富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x层作为隧穿层,富ZrO2的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x层作为电荷存储层,远离硅衬底的富Al2O3的(ZrO2)x(Al2O3)1-x层作为阻挡层;
d)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在(ZrO2)0.8(Al2O3)0.2薄膜表面沉积一层100的Al金属作为电极。
Claims (5)
1.一种退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
a)将硅衬底置于丙酮中,超声清洗1分钟,去除衬底表面杂质,然后将衬底置于氢氟酸稀溶液中,去除硅衬底表面的氧化物,然后将硅衬底放置在脉冲激光沉积系统腔内的衬底台上,将多组元金属氧化物(M)x(N)1-x和铝(Al)靶材置于靶材底盘上,其中M可在ZrO2、HfO2、La2O3、TiO2中任选一种,N可在SiO2、Al2O3中任选一种,x在0.5-0.8范围内取值,沉积腔内压强为1×10-5Pa-5×10-5Pa;
b)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在硅衬底表面沉积一层厚度为20-30nm(M)x(N)1-x薄膜;
c)将衬底台温度升高到850℃,沉积的(M)x(N)1-x薄膜在850℃下,退火处理1小时,使(M)x(N)1-x薄膜中发生相分离反应,结晶温度较低的M趋于在(M)x(N)1-x薄膜中间部位析出,随着退火过程的进行,组分不断扩散和重新分布,晶粒逐渐粗化和长大,造成(M)x(N)1-x薄膜中间部位M组元较多,N组元较少,形成富M的(M)x(N)1-x,而(M)x(N)1-x薄膜两侧M组元较少,N组元较多,形成富N的(M)x(N)1-x,单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜在退火过程中自发形成三明治电荷存储结构,其中靠近硅衬底的富N的(M)x(N)1-x层作为隧穿层,富M的(M)x(N)1-x层作为电荷存储层,远离硅衬底的富N的(M)x(N)1-x层作为阻挡层;
d)利用脉冲激光沉积系统在(M)x(N)1-x薄膜表面沉积一层100-200nm的Al金属作为电极。
2.如权利要求1所述的退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法,其特征在于单层(M)x(N)1-x薄膜经过退火处理自发形成隧穿层/存储层/阻挡层电荷存储结构。
3.如权利要求1所述的退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法,其特征在于退火处理形成的隧穿层/存储层/阻挡层结构为富N的(M)x(N)1-x/富M的(M)x(N)1-x/富N的(M)x(N)1-x。
4.如权利要求1所述的退火处理形成电荷存储结构的方法,其特征在于利用脉冲激光沉积方法制备(M)x(N)1-x薄膜和金属Al电极。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的退火处理形成的电荷存储结构在信息存储中的应用。
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