CN108484493A - 一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法 - Google Patents

一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法 Download PDF

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CN108484493A
CN108484493A CN201810127491.4A CN201810127491A CN108484493A CN 108484493 A CN108484493 A CN 108484493A CN 201810127491 A CN201810127491 A CN 201810127491A CN 108484493 A CN108484493 A CN 108484493A
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蔡琥
谢永发
刘庆
岳树升
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种3,3’‑二硝基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,3,3’‑二硝基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,在空气条件下加热100~150℃反应10h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品的3‑氨基‑3’‑羟基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物。本发明通过3,3’‑二硝基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物和铜试剂的作用下发生反应,可一步发生两个官能团转化得到3‑氨基‑3’‑羟基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物,原料廉价易得,此合成方法简单,得到的产物比较单一,容易分离,并实现克级合成3‑氨基‑3’‑羟基‑2,2’‑联吡啶衍生物。

Description

一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法。
背景技术
3,3’-二羟基-2,2’-联吡啶由于分子内的质子转移常常表现出很强的荧光性质(Bulska, H.Chem.Phys.Lett.,1983,98,398.)。羟基2,2’-联吡啶衍生物也会表现出生物活性,如丝膜菌中分离得到的生物碱中含有羟基联吡啶的片段(Antikowiak,W.Z.;Gessner,W.P. Tetrahedron Lett.,1979,1931.)。联吡啶衍生物也常作为有机配体和金属铁,钴,镍,铜等形成配合物。鉴于羟基联吡啶衍生物可能具有生物活性、荧光性质及配位性质,即可应用于生物医药领域、材料领域或配位化学领域。
3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的两个硝基很容易被氯化亚锡等还原剂还原成氨基 ((1)Dou,C.;Long,X.;Wang,L.;et al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2016,55,1436-1440.(2)Zhao, H.;Yue,Y.;Meng,W.;et al.Chinese J.Chem.2013,31,485-493),或者通过特定的条件将其转化成对称的化合物(反应式1)。通过检索文献发现目前报道的有关3,3’-二硝基-2,2’- 联吡啶衍生物的反应只能将两个硝基转过成相同的官能团(氨基,酰胺等),然而将两个硝基同时转化成不同的官能团的合成方法基本没有报道。鉴于前面所述3,3’-二羟基-2,2’- 联吡啶衍生物具有可能的荧光性质和生物活性,把3,3’-二羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的硝基同时转化成不同官能团的合成方法研究就显得非常的必要(反应式2)。
反应式1.3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶的反应。
反应式2.官能团X≠官能团Y
本发明发现了一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物转化成3-氨基-3-羟基 -2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明所述的3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物双官能团转化法,以结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,在空气条件下加热100~150℃反应10h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物,反应式如下:
其中R为氢、C1~C40的脂肪基团、C4~C60内的芳香基团、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、胺基或者卤素。更进一步地,C1~C40的脂肪基团可为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或苄基,C4~C60内的芳香基团可为吡啶衍生物基、苯基、取代苯基、1-萘基或2-萘基,卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘。
进一步地,所述的铜试剂包括铜(Cu)、氯化铜水合物(CuCl2·2H2O)、醋酸铜水合物(Cu(OAc)2·H2O)或硝酸铜水合物(Cu(NO3)2·3H2O),铜试剂与3,3’-二硝基-2, 2’-联吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为1~5:1,优选为5:1。
进一步地,所述的有机溶剂可采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、六甲基亚膦酰三胺(HMPT)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲亚砜(DMSO) 或1,2-乙二醇。
本发明的3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的合成通式为:
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明通过3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物和铜试剂的作用下发生反应,一个硝基发生还原反应,另一个硝基发生取代反应,即一步发生两个官能团转化得到3-氨基-3’- 羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物,此方法是首次发现。
2、此方法所用到的3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物和铜试剂都是廉价易得的原料,此合成方法也很简单,得到的产物比较单一,容易分离。
3、此方法可以实现克级合成3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明专利作进一步说明。
实施例1:3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶4a的制备。
在空气氛围中,3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶(123mg,0.5mmol),二水合氯化铜(436mg,2.5mmol)加入到DMF(6.0mL)中,反应混合物加热到150℃持续10h。反应结束后冷却,加入蒸馏水90mL,乙二胺0.4mL后,用乙酸乙酯(30mL)萃取3次,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(1.5mL)洗涤2次,有机相旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/40,回收原料15mg,转化率88%,得浅黄色固体41mg,产率50%。HR-MS实测值:[M+H]+,188.0812;计算值:[M+H]+,188.0818。
实施例2:3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物4b的制备。
在空气氛围中,3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶(1.37g,5.0mmol),二水合氯化铜(3.41g,20mmol),蒸馏水(0.5mL)加入到DMF(12mL)中,反应混合物加热到130℃持续10h,反应结束后冷却,加入蒸馏水90mL,乙二胺0.4mL后,用乙酸乙酯(30mL) 萃取3次。合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(1.5mL)洗涤2次,有机相旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱分离,回收原料873mg,转化率36%,得浅黄色固体200mg,产率51%。HR-MS 实测值:[M+H]+,216.1134;计算值:[M+H]+,216.1131。
实施例3:3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物4c的制备。
在空气氛围中,3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶(1.37g,5.0mmol),二水合氯化铜(3.41g,20mmol),蒸馏水(0.5mL)加入到DMF(12mL)中,反应混合物加热到130℃持续10h,反应结束后冷却,加入蒸馏水90mL,乙二胺0.4mL后,用乙酸乙酯(30mL) 萃取3次。合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(1.5mL)洗涤2次,有机相旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱分离,回收原料986mg,转化率28%,得浅黄色固体160mg,产率53%。HR-MS 实测值:[M+H]+,216.1137;计算值:[M+H]+,216.1131。
实施例3:3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物4d的制备。
在空气氛围中,3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶(191mg,0.5mmol),二水合氯化铜(436mg,2.5mmol)加入到DMF(6mL)中,反应混合物加热到130℃持续10h,反应结束后冷却,加入蒸馏水90mL,乙二胺0.4mL后,用乙酸乙酯(30mL)萃取3次。合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(1.5mL)洗涤2次,有机相旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:60,回收原料155mg,转化率19%,得浅黄色固体16mg,产率 52%。HR-MS实测值:[M+H]+,324.0560;计算值:[M+H]+,324.0566。
尽管已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举,应当理解,对于本领域技术人员来说,对上述实施例做出修改或者采用等同的替代方案,这对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,本发明所述的3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物双官能团转化法,以结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,在空气条件下加热100~150℃反应10h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的3-氨基-3’-羟基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物,反应式如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,其中R为氢、C1~C40的脂肪基团、C4~C60内的芳香基团、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、胺基或者卤素。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,所述的C1~C40的脂肪基团为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或苄基,所述的C4~C60内的芳香基团为吡啶衍生物基、苯基、取代苯基、1-萘基或2-萘基,所述的卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,所述的铜试剂为铜、氯化铜水合物、醋酸铜水合物或硝酸铜水合物中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,所述的铜试剂与3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为1~5:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,所述的铜试剂与3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为5:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种3,3’-二硝基-2,2’-联吡啶衍生物的双官能团转化法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂可采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基亚膦酰三胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜或1,2-乙二醇中的一种。
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