CN108480638A - A kind of three-stage selective laser melting combination pre-heating system - Google Patents
A kind of three-stage selective laser melting combination pre-heating system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to selective laser melting increases material manufacturing technology fields, and specifically disclose a kind of three-stage selective laser melting combination pre-heating system, the system includes the preheating section being arranged in working chamber, soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, wherein, preheating section is arranged in the top inside working chamber, it is preheated for storing powder, and to powder；Soaking zone is located at the lower section of preheating section, for carrying out soaking to the powder fallen from preheating section, and the powder after soaking is sent into Multi-stage heating section, the powder after soaking carries out selective laser melting forming in Multi-stage heating section；Multi-stage heating section is located at the side of soaking zone, is heated for the powder to soaking, and carries out gradient-heated to the part of laser forming, forms top-down temperature gradient.The heat loss that present invention significantly reduces powder in working chamber in motion process is realized and is preheated to the segmented high-temperature of metal powder, has many advantages, such as that pre-heat effect is good, strong applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to selective laser melting increases material manufacturing technology fields, are selected more particularly, to a kind of three-stage
Property laser fusion combine pre-heating system.
Background technology
Selective laser melting forming technique (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) is Quick-forming (Rapid
Prototyping, RP) technology important component, obtained great development in recent years.Compared to traditional equal materials manufacture
(casting, forging, welding) and subtract material manufacture (machining), SLM technologies belong to material increasing field, have simple for process, forming
The advantages that part dimensional accuracy is high, surface roughness is good, consistency is high plays pole in accurate, complex parts manufacturing process
Big effect, it is a kind of direct metal Parts manufacturing technology.The concrete technology flow process of selective laser melting forming technique is：
The threedimensional model of part is designed using Three-dimensional Design Software first；Again by corresponding Slice Software by the threedimensional model of part
Slicing treatment is at two-dimensional laser scanning track；Then the layer overlay metal equal with model slice thickness on forming board
Powder, and according to predetermined laser scanning track using laser beam to powder bed region carry out selective melting, wait for its cooling,
Solidification forms sedimentary；After the completion of scanning, substrate is declined, falling head is equal to the slice thickness of model；Repeat above-mentioned mistake
Journey, until entire forming parts.
The focal beam spot diameter for the laser beam that SLM technologies processing part uses is minimum (generally 0.1~0.5mm), and
The accumulation thickness of powder is also smaller (0.02~0.2mm), the laser beam of high-energy density quickly scanning, sintered gold in powder bed
Belong to powder, completes single layer processing in a few seconds, the temperature gradient of superelevation is brought to sedimentary (molten bath).The temperature gradient of superelevation
So that the crystal growth of inside parts is in strong orientation, the performance of part in the orientation direction is greatly improved, still
Also powerful internal stress is brought to inside parts so that the cracking trend of part itself increases.It is difficult in some conventional methods
The complexity of processing, fine structure part, the high-performance being especially of great significance in fields such as aerospaces, labyrinth metal
In the process of component, because internal stress excessive the phenomenon that causing part to crack happens occasionally, this invisible reduces part
Lumber recovery, improve manufacturing cost.
Currently, mainly reducing the planted agent of part in industry come the method for hot briquetting part itself by pre-heating powder bed
Power, and have the patent disclosure of several methods and relevant device for being related to SLM preheatings, and for the cooling in SLM molding cavities
System there is no related patents.
CN103100713A discloses a kind of method that the powder feeding cylinder by equipment heats powder, and this method is logical
The metal powder crossed in the load powder bucket of selective laser selective melting SLM device powder feeding cylinder preheating device generates in alternating magnetic field
The work in magnetic field in the conductor that induced current, eddy-current loss and the metal powder generated under high frequency or intermediate frequency magnetic fields is formed
Cause conductor self-heating with i.e. magnetic hystersis loss and heated, collecting powder temperature information by temperature sensor carries out it
Feedback control achievees the purpose that pre-heating powder.However, using powder feeding cylinder carry out powder be laid with work in powder the period of motion compared with
It is long, and powder is completely disposed in the cycle inertia protection gas of low temperature in SLM device after going out cylinder during moulding cylinder is molding
In the atmosphere of body, thermal loss is very big caused by heat convection.And the amount of powder that single layer processing is once laid with is less (hundreds of
Gram), so few amount of powder easily generates heat losses in process of deployment so that heating effect gives a discount greatly in actual processing
Button.
CN105855544A discloses one kind by pre-heating device moulding cylinder, to the method for pre-heating powder.This method is logical
It crosses and pre-heating powder is achieved the purpose that using electromagnetic induction technology hot briquetting cylinder in the heating of SLM formation of parts.However,
The single layer process time of SLM is extremely short (tens seconds to a few minutes), the powder that heated transportation is come within the so short time to institute
The temperature needed is very difficult.Moreover, the kelvin effect of electromagnetic induction heating is more concentrated, heating unevenness is easily led to, so
How to effectively prevent kelvin effect, prevent heating unevenness in the short time cause secondary internal stress be also one can not be ignored ask
Topic.
CN205888083U discloses a kind of method preheated to powder bed by orienting heating laser.This method
It is arranged by one and the powder for processing plane is heated in the orientation heating laser output laser for processing laser homonymy,
But substrate below powder or the part portion solidified can be used as effective radiator, greatly reduce the effective of this method plus
The thermal efficiency cannot be applied preferably in actual production.
In addition, the patents such as CN205888085U, CN103338881A are come also by the improvement of moulding cylinder or other component
Carry out the preheating of powder.Although these patented methods can solve the problems, such as that powder preheats to a certain extent, for entire
The problem of how keeping powder temperature to reach a stable state in process, there is no effective solution schemes.This is main
It is because in SLM processing technologys caused by unique technological process：First, powder enters storage powder hopper after pretreatment；Then, it releases
Put a certain number of powder and enter molding room, be laid on substrate through scraper plate, in this process powder and processing platform, scrape
Knife, inert protective gas contact, are in evenly dispersed state, heat loss is very big；Hereafter pass through laser within the extremely short time
Sinter molding, substrate decline, and start next layer of powder laying process.These unique flows make single one-to-one a component into
The effect that row improvement carrys out heating powder is had a greatly reduced quality, heat leakage is larger.Therefore, how to overcome each link in above-mentioned technological process
Present in practical problem, design the development and reduction of a kind of high temperature powder pre-heating system of suitable SLM device to SLM techniques
The tearing tendency of workpieces processing has great realistic meaning.
Invention content
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of three-stage selective laser meltings
The combination pre-heating system of SLM formings, using Three-section type heating mode heating powder, by storing up powder hopper (bringing-up section)-workbench
(soaking zone)-moulding cylinder (soaking zone) realizes the heat stepwise of metal powder, to stablize the metal preheated in SLM process
Powder reduces or eliminates the internal stress of SLM processing parts, reduces the tearing tendency of workpieces processing；In addition, under powder bed substrate
Side is equipped with cooling device, it is ensured that direction of heat flow is stablized, and avoids hot-fluid disorderly, controls temperature gradient, solidifying for SLM molding orientations
Gu even single crystal alloy provides technical foundation, especially suitable for high-precision, tearing tendency is big, internal stress is big, complicated
Metal component and directionally solidified structural components.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of three-stage selective laser melting combination pre-heating system, packet
Include the preheating section being arranged in working chamber, soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, wherein the preheating section is arranged in inside working chamber
Top, preheated for storing powder, and to powder；The soaking zone is located at the lower section of preheating section, for from preheating
Powder under paragraph carries out soaking, and the powder after soaking is sent into Multi-stage heating section, and the powder after the soaking adds in multistage
Selective laser melting forming is carried out in hot arc；The Multi-stage heating section is located at the side of soaking zone, for the powder to soaking
End is heated, and carries out gradient-heated to the part of laser forming, to form top-down temperature gradient.
As it is further preferred that the preheating section include the first powder falling bucket and the second powder falling bucket, the first powder falling bucket and
Second powder falling bucket is set to the top inside working chamber, and is symmetrically arranged；The first powder falling bucket and the second powder falling bucket structure
It is identical, include powder hopper and the blanking plate below powder hopper for being turned on and off powder hopper.
As it is further preferred that the outside of the powder hopper is disposed with insulation material layer, induction coil and electromagnetic screen
Cover layer.
As it is further preferred that the soaking zone includes first be divided into below the first powder falling bucket and the second powder falling bucket
Heating rod is embedded with inside workbench and the second workbench, first workbench and the second workbench, to realize
The heating of powder.
As it is further preferred that between the first powder falling bucket and the first workbench or the second powder falling bucket and the second work
Make to be provided with scraper plate between platform.
As it is further preferred that the first powder falling mouth is additionally provided on first workbench, on the second workbench
It is additionally provided with the second powder falling mouth, by moving back and forth for scraper plate, is first dropped down onto the first powder falling bucket on the first workbench
Powder send into multistage bringing-up section, and extra powder is sent into the second powder falling mouth, to complete to wait for laser fusion forming zero
Then second powder falling bucket is dropped down onto the powder on the second workbench and sent into multistage bringing-up section by one layer of powder feeding of part, and will be more
Remaining powder is sent into the first powder falling mouth, to complete to wait for next layer of powder feeding of laser fusion formation of parts.
As it is further preferred that the Multi-stage heating section includes forming cavity and substrate, forming cavity is set to inside working chamber
The middle part of lower section, the substrate are arranged in forming cavity, move up and down under the action of elevating mechanism, and the two of the forming cavity
Side is provided with the more heating rods arranged successively from top to bottom, and more heating rods are opened according to the regioselectivity of substrate, with reality
Existing gradient-heated.
As it is further preferred that cooling-cycle device is additionally provided in the Multi-stage heating section, to ensure direction of heat flow
Stablize, avoid hot-fluid disorderly, the cooling-cycle device is set to the lower section of substrate, which is built-in coolant flow channel
Brass supporting plate, be provided with heating plate between the brass supporting plate and substrate, thermal insulation board be provided with below the brass supporting plate.
As it is further preferred that the top inside working chamber is provided with laser, to provide laser beam, powder is realized
Laser fusion shapes, which is located at the surface of forming cavity；Preferably, gas preheating is additionally provided in the working chamber to follow
Loop device, the gas warm-up cycle device include gas heat-exchanger and wind turbine, the wind turbine and the gas heat-exchanger phase
Even, for inert gas to be sent into gas heat-exchanger, the gas heat-exchanger is respectively by pipeline and working chamber
Gas outlet is connected with air inlet, and the pipeline that wherein gas heat-exchanger is connected with air inlet is spread along soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section
If on the one hand the gas heat-exchanger collects high temperature inert gas from gas outlet, and be sent into wind turbine using high temperature inert gas
Inert gas preheated, on the other hand the inert gas after preheating is passed through after soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section preheat again
Air inlet is sent into working chamber.
As it is further preferred that the combination pre-heating system further includes temperature feedback control device, the temperature feedback control
Device processed include center pid control module, preheating section control module, soaking zone control module, Multi-stage heating section control module and
Atmosphere warm-up control module, wherein the heating that center pid control module distributes modules according to set heating temperature is appointed
Powder is heated to preheating temperature, soaking zone control module by business, preheating section control module according to the task control preheating section of distribution
Powder is heated according to the task control soaking zone of distribution, Multi-stage heating section control module is more according to the task control of distribution
Grade bringing-up section heating powder is to temperature in use.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, mainly have below
Technological merit：
1. the present invention combines pre-heating system by three-stage, realizes electromagnetic induction heating and heat high level matches with low level with flat plate heat
Combined heated, by store up powder hopper (bringing-up section)-workbench (soaking zone)-moulding cylinder (soaking zone), significantly reduce powder
Heat loss of the end in working chamber in motion process realizes the high temperature preheating to metal powder.
2. carrying out the storage of powder present invention employs powder falling bucket and dropping out technique, the mode of electromagnetic induction heating is used
It is heated, feedback regulation can be carried out rapidly according to workbench and moulding cylinder feedack by built-in measurement thermocouple,
Since the SLM overall processing times are long, there is sufficient time preheating storage powder hopper, electromagnetic induction produces when short time heating can be effectively relieved
Raw kelvin effect avoids the non-uniform disadvantage of heating, while having used thermal insulation layer, shielded layer on powder falling bucket, reduces
The fuel factor of powder falling bucket and influence of the galvanomagnetic-effect to other yuan of device, mechanical structured member in cavity；
3. the powder falling bucket of the present invention is two, be arranged symmetrically in working chamber, can Bidirectional heating powdering, compared to using single
To the SLM device of powdering, impulse stroke is shortened at double, is reduced heat loss, is improved the efficiency of heating surface；
4. workbench of the present invention carries out soaking using embedded heating rod (or resistance wire) to falling powder, because powder exists
It stores up and is preheated in powder hopper close to temperature in use, workbench is not necessarily to larger thermic load, the electromagnetic induction heating used with powder falling bucket
High level matches with low level is formed, while avoiding and bringing huge mating coil and shielded layer using electromagnetic induction heating in big plane.
5. equally being heated using the method for embedding heating rod (or resistance wire) in moulding cylinder of the present invention, powder falling bucket is compared
The electromagnetic induction heating used forms high level matches with low level, and four wall of cylinder body is both provided with embedded heating rod with substrate, and molding casing wall can root
Corresponding heating region is turned on and off by control system according to processing stroke, effectively increases the efficiency of heating surface；In addition, under substrate
Side is additionally provided with cooling system, can export heat downwards rapidly, form controllable temperature gradient in cylinder body.
6. the present invention is fairly distributed, will mainly heat negative as a result of the high level matches with low level of mode of heating, heating load
Lotus concentrates in storage powder hopper, and whole system cost is made to be reduced, and technological process is more smooth, thermal stability it is more preferable, it can be achieved that
Accurate temperature control has been effectively relieved the wild effect come using single source heating tape and has individually used sensing heating
Caused kelvin effect reduces internal stress and tearing tendency of the SLM workpieces processings caused by thermal cycle repeatedly, is accurate
Control SLM processing technologys provide stable basis, while introducing cooling system, and controllable temperature ladder can be formed in cylinder body
Degree provides the foundation for molding directionally solidified structural components even monocrystalline component.
7. atmosphere circulator of the present invention efficiently uses the high-temperature gas of the outflow circulatory system and other heating systems dissipate
The heat of mistake preheats for gas, substantially increases the thermal efficiency.
8. all bringing-up sections of the present invention are all connected with PID control system, feedback closed loop is completed, is closed compared to common two level feedback
Ring, this system are used as breeze way by the soaking zone in Three-section type heating system, avoid in two level feedback closed loop because of environment temperature
Degree or the concussion that temperature jump is arranged and occurs are fed back, and have preferable promotion to the hot allocative efficiency of stabilizing and increasing of heating system
Effect；Cooling system takes independent control, is not counted in feedback closed loop, can independently open, close.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the three-stage selective laser melting of the present invention combines the structural schematic diagram of pre-heating system；
Fig. 2 a and b are powder falling bucket structure schematic diagram according to the present invention, and wherein a is powder falling bucket closed state, and b is powder falling
Struggle against open state；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of workbench according to the present invention and forming cavity；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of atmosphere warm-up cycle device according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the temperature feedback control device that three-stage selective laser melting according to the present invention combines pre-heating system
Schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
It does not constitute a conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of three-stage selective laser melting provided in an embodiment of the present invention combines pre-heating system, including
Preheating section, soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, preheating section, soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section are arranged in working chamber 9, wherein pre-
Hot arc is arranged in the top inside working chamber, is used to store powder, and preheat to powder；Soaking zone is located at preheating section
Lower section is used to carry out soaking to the powder fallen from preheating section, and the powder after soaking is sent into Multi-stage heating section, this is
Powder after heat carries out selective laser melting forming in Multi-stage heating section；Multi-stage heating section is located at the side of soaking zone,
It is heated for the powder to soaking, and gradient-heated is carried out to the part of laser forming, it is top-down to be formed
Temperature gradient.
For preheating section, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, preheating section includes the first powder falling bucket 1 and the second powder falling bucket 2, this first
Powder falling bucket 1 and the second powder falling bucket 2 are set to the top inside working chamber, and are symmetrically arranged；First powder falling bucket 1 and the second powder falling
2 structures that struggle against are identical, include powder hopper and the blanking plate 25 below powder hopper for being turned on and off powder hopper.Using powder falling
Bucket carries out the storage of powder and drops out technique, carries out related process flow compared to powder feeding cylinder is used, powder is directly from powder hopper
It drops out and is laid with to powder bed through powdering scraper plate, eliminate and rotate the impulse stroke fallen through powder feeding cylinder, reduce powder during this
End and heat loss caused by work intracavity gas contact heat-exchanging, improve the efficiency of heating surface.
As shown in Fig. 2, the outside of powder hopper is disposed with insulation material layer 22, induction coil 21 and electro-magnetic screen layer 23,
It is directly contacted with powder hopper here by the avoidable induction coil of setting insulation material layer and makes powder hopper ablation, induction coil utilizes sense
It should heat and powder hopper is heated by magnetic strength, and then heat the powder in powder hopper.The induction coil can be by resistance wire, Si-Mo rod, silicon-carbon
Stick or other heating components are replaced, and because facility needs rapid reaction in the present invention, therefore use induction coil, insulation material layer packet
Include but be not limited to a series of refractory materials such as refractory brick, fire clay, aluminium oxide ceramics, alumina fibre.Wherein, line of induction ring
It is around on powder falling bucket, heats powder in powder falling bucket；Insulation material layer is located at powder falling bucket surface, plays thermal insulation function, prevents
Heat loss influences the intensity of other mechanical mechanisms；Electro-magnetic screen layer is located at powder falling bucket outermost layer, shields produced by induction coil
Electromagnetic field, prevent it from influencing other electronic equipments.Blanking plate 25 is located at insulation material layer 22, induction coil 21 and electromagnetic screen
Powder hopper can be turned on and off by the lower section for covering layer 23 by moving horizontally for blanking plate 25, be closing shape in wherein Fig. 2 a
State is open state in Fig. 2 b.
For soaking zone comprising be divided into the first workbench of 2 lower section of the first powder falling bucket 1 and the second powder falling bucket
12 and second workbench 11, the first workbench 12 and 11 inside of the second workbench are embedded with heating rod, to realize powder
Heating.The workbench of embedded heating rod because of the longer and easy to change needs of service life, embed heat source use Si-Mo rod,
Elema etc..Heating tablet can also be set below workbench, and in the process of deployment of powder, heating tablet is held for powder
Continuous soaking, prevents heat loss.
As shown in Figure 1, between the first powder falling bucket 1 and the first workbench 12 or the second powder falling bucket 2 and the second workbench
It is provided with scraper plate 4 between 11, carries out the two-way laying of powder by scraper plate after powder drops out powder falling bucket, and excessive powder is fallen
Go out；It is additionally provided with the first powder falling mouth 14 on first workbench 12, the second powder falling mouth 13 is additionally provided on the second workbench 11,
It by moving back and forth for scraper plate 4, such as first turns left again from the right side from left to right, the first powder falling bucket 1 is dropped down onto first first
Powder on workbench 12 is sent into multistage bringing-up section, and extra powder is sent into the second powder falling mouth 13, to complete to wait for
Then second powder falling bucket 2 is dropped down onto the powder on the second workbench 11 and sent at most by one layer of powder feeding of laser fusion formation of parts
In grade bringing-up section, and extra powder is sent into the first powder falling mouth 14, to complete to wait for next layer of laser fusion formation of parts
Powder feeding.Specifically, scraper plate 4 is located at below powder falling bucket, blanking plate is opened by mechanical movement during exercise, such as in scraper plate
In motion process, blanking plate is opened by the collision of itself and blanking plate, powder is fallen under the effect of gravity, subsequent scraper plate
The powder fallen is laid on powder bed by 4 counter motions.Workbench is configured with infrared temperature sensor to powder into trip temperature
It measures, measured signal is connected through control system with powder falling bucket and moulding cylinder, carries out feedback regulation, why selects sensitive
Degree, the higher infrared temperature sensor of accuracy are that the soaking time that is undergone on platform by powder is shorter, and it is rapid, accurate to need
Temperature information is fed back to the powder falling bucket and moulding cylinder of a large amount of powder aggregations by ground, into the feedback control of trip temperature.
For Multi-stage heating section, as shown in Figure 3 comprising forming cavity (i.e. moulding cylinder) and substrate 8, forming cavity is set to
The middle part of working chamber lower inside, accept scraper plate scrape into powder and heated, substrate 8 be arranged in forming cavity, substrate 8 exists
It can move up and down under the action of elevating mechanism 15, the both sides of forming cavity are provided with the more heating rods arranged successively from top to bottom,
More heating rods are opened according to the regioselectivity of substrate 8, and to realize gradient-heated, that is, every heating rod for shaping intracavitary can be single
Solely control, and alternative unlatching, while the heating power of each heating rod is adjustable so that the heating region in forming cavity can be controlled
System, to adjust heating region.For example, when the first layer powder on laser forming substrate, need to open in forming cavity with first layer
Heating rod in sustained height, to heat this layer of powder to temperature in use, then laser forming, forming metacoxal plate decline one
Thickness, re-lays second layer powder, needs to open at this time and is in the heating rod of sustained height in forming cavity with the second layer, to heat the
Two layers of powder also need to open the heating rod for being in sustained height in forming cavity with first layer to temperature in use, are swashed with keeping the temperature
The first layer of light forming, then shapes next layer successively, and the temperature of heating is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, realizes gradient-heated, example
If the part of laser forming is of five storeys altogether, then the last one process is the 5th layer of laser forming (being located at the top), the 1st layer is located at
Bottom is opened with the 5th layer to the 1st layer corresponding heating rod, wherein the 5th layer of heating temperature highest of the top, it is most lower
Side the 1st layer of heating temperature it is minimum, from top to bottom the heating temperature of each layer be followed successively by 500 DEG C, 400 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 200 DEG C,
100 DEG C, gradient-heated is realized with this, forms a top-down direction of heat flow, to be molded for directional solidification or monocrystalline
Temperature requirements basis is provided, by being provided with cooling-cycle device below substrate, it is ensured that direction of heat flow is stablized, and heat is avoided
Stream is disorderly, is further ensured that temperature distribution gradient.Top inside working chamber is provided with laser 3 and emits in process
High energy laser beam is sintered the powder that lays, realizes the laser fusion forming of powder, the laser 3 be located at forming cavity just on
Side, between the first powder falling bucket and the second powder falling bucket.It can also be in molding inside wall of cylinder setting heating tablet, in powder process
Continue heat supply heat preservation, maintains the bulk temperature of powder bed.
Specifically, cooling-cycle device is set to the lower section of substrate 8, which is the brass of built-in coolant flow channel
Supporting plate 31, is provided with heating plate 32 between brass supporting plate 31 and substrate 8,31 lower section of brass supporting plate is provided with thermal insulation board 33.Wherein,
The material of thermal insulation board and thermal insulation layer 36 includes but not limited to a systems such as refractory brick, fire clay, aluminium oxide ceramics, alumina fibre
Row refractory material；Cooling medium is not limited to cooling water in the brass supporting plate of built-in coolant flow channel；The heat source of heating plate can be resistance
Silk, Si-Mo rod, Elema or other heating components；Substrate uses corresponding material substrate according to processing powder.
Further, gas warm-up cycle device 5 is additionally provided in working chamber, as shown in figure 4, the gas warm-up cycle fills
It includes gas heat-exchanger 51 and wind turbine 52 to set 5, and wind turbine 52 is connected with gas heat-exchanger 51, for inert gas to be sent into gas
In heat exchangers 51, gas heat-exchanger 51 respectively by pipeline on working chamber 9 gas outlet 54 and air inlet 55 be connected,
The pipeline that wherein gas heat-exchanger 51 is connected with air inlet 55 is laid with along soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, the gas heat-exchanger
51 one side collect high temperature inert gas from gas outlet 54, and are carried out to the inert gas that wind turbine is sent into using high temperature inert gas
On the other hand inert gas after preheating is sent into work by preheating after soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section preheat again through air inlet 55
Make in chamber 9.Specifically, gas warm-up cycle device 5 is blown into the preheating gas of cycle in process, which can also add
Powder in thermoforming chamber.Specifically, being connected with inert gas in working chamber, pressure relief opening is offered thereon, ensures gas in working chamber
Pressure is no more than secure setting, wherein wind turbine persistently supplements the stabilization for being blown into inert gas warranty working chamber air pressure；Gas outlet with
Air inlet is located at side before and after working chamber, and wherein air inlet is equipped with electric heating wire and temperature feedback arrangement, gas be located at after being blown at
Above shape chamber, play the role of removing generation flue dust in laser processing sintering process, while the gas preheated may also function as to powder
The insulation effect at end.In addition, gas warm-up cycle device is provided with along the outside of soaking zone and the pipeline of Multi-stage heating section laying
Thermal insulation layer 36, prevents heat loss on the whole.
Gas warm-up cycle 5 courses of work of device are as follows：
1) wind turbine is blown into inert gas to gas heat-exchanger, and gas heat-exchanger collects the high-temperature gas of gas outlet, profit
It is to be blown into gas preheating with residual temperature, this is one section of preheating；
2) inert gas is gas using the waste heat of processing platform and forming cavity via being blown to after preheating below forming cavity
Carry out two sections of preheatings；
3) gas is blown to air inlet after, is heated under the action of heater strip and temperature feedback arrangement using temperature
Degree, and be blown into working chamber；
4) eluting gas flows back to gas heat-exchanger via gas outlet in working chamber, and heat exchange is completed with the new gas that is blown into,
And cycle is completed under the action of wind turbine.
As shown in figure 5, combination pre-heating system further includes temperature feedback control device, during which includes
Heart pid control module 41, preheating section control module 42, soaking zone control module 43, Multi-stage heating section control module 44 and atmosphere
Warm-up control module 45, wherein the heating that center pid control module 41 distributes modules according to set heating temperature is appointed
Powder is heated to preheating temperature by business, preheating section control module 42 according to the task control preheating section of distribution, specific using induction
Heating, is heated to preheating temperature by powder rapidly；Soaking zone control module 43 is according to the task control soaking zone of distribution to powder
It is heated, hot cushioning effect from accepting while soaking works avoids the occurrence of larger temperature vibration；Multi-stage heating section controls
Module 44, to temperature in use, and feeds back to center pid control module according to the task control Multi-stage heating section heating powder of distribution
41, complete closed loop.The combination pre-heating system of the present invention is additionally provided with braced frame 16, and braced frame 16 is located at a whole set of combination and preheats
Below system, play load-bearing and stabilizing equipment.During heating, due to the presence of soaking zone control module, work as institute
When needing preheating temperature variation or other reasons that powder temperature is caused to change, reaction adjusts heating to preheating section control module 2 rapidly
Power, then the hot cushioning effect of soaking zone control module, avoids causing Multi-stage heating section to control mould because temperature change is excessive
There is the phenomenon that larger fluctuation in the power of block, stabilizes heating system.Multi-stage heating section control module is opened in self-cooling system
Qi Shi can adjust corresponding heat input, ensure direction of heat flow, equilibrium temperature gradient, center pid control module can be according to Multi-stage heating
The move distance of substrate, automatic adjustment are turned on and off the corresponding heating region of Multi-stage heating section, avoid in section control module
Extra heat loss.In addition, atmosphere warm-up control module 45 also can according to the received feedback information of center pid control module and into
The size of tolerance automatically adjusts heating power, ensures the thermostabilization in working cavity.
Three-stage selective laser melting combination pre-heating system specific work process of the present invention is as follows：
(1) it is that selective laser melting SLM system is integrally equipped with pressure duty chamber, is filled in working chamber after beginning to be processed
Full inert gas is protected；
(2) metal powder needed for adding first closes working cavity into sealed shape to the first powder falling bucket, the second powder falling bucket
State opens gas warm-up cycle device and carries out inert gas replacement, opens the powder combinations of three-stage selective laser melting SLM
Pre-heating system, PID systems are fed back according to real time temperature carries out thermal force distribution to three-stage pre-heating system, is determined according to technological parameter
It is fixed whether to open cooling system；It waits after the completion of preheating, scraper plate is moved towards the first powder falling bucket, opens inserting on the first powder falling bucket
Plate falls powder needed for time processing, and subsequent scraper plate is moved back towards the second powder falling bucket, and during this, powder is laid with by scraper plate
On substrate, hereafter, according to default figure layer, laser emits laser beam and is sintered to being laid with powder, after the completion of to be sintered, base
Plate declines preset height under transmission shaft drive, completes stroke one；Then scraper plate is moved towards the second powder falling bucket, opens the second powder falling
Plate on bucket falls powder needed for time processing, and scraper plate moves towards the first powder falling bucket and is laid with powder on substrate again, this
Afterwards, according to default figure layer, laser emits laser beam and is sintered to being laid with powder, and after the completion of to be sintered, substrate is in transmission shaft
Drive under decline preset height, complete stroke two；Next, stroke one and stroke two are alternately, until final molding zero
Part, excess metal powder are collected by the first powder falling mouth and the second powder falling mouth.
In step (2), processing powder carries out electricity by three-stage pre-heating system, i.e. the first powder falling bucket, the second powder falling bucket
Magnetic induction preheats, and carries out soaking on the workbench of embedded heating rod after falling, subsequently enters molding cylinder body (i.e. forming cavity)
It is heated, and final sinter molding.Wherein, Multi-stage heating is arranged in molding cylinder wall surface, declines with substrate and opens corresponding heating
Region makes heat utilization efficiency reach maximum.During entire step (2), powder have passed through preheating-three sections of soaking-heating
Formula heats, while assisting keeping the temperature with preheating gas, and the efficiency of heating surface of powder maintains higher level, high temperature may be implemented always
Powder preheats, and depends on the requirement of technological parameter below substrate whether the unlatching of cooling system.
During step (2), the first powder falling bucket, the second powder falling bucket, workbench, molding cylinder body are respectively provided with temperature survey
Amount device (including but not limited to thermocouple, infrared radiation thermometer etc.) simultaneously carries out feedback regulation by PID control system.First powder falling
It struggles against, the electromagnetic heating system of the second powder falling bucket can rapidly change heat according to the feedback data of other thermocouples and infrared radiation thermometer
Input, balances heating system, and energy active balance changes the temperature change brought because of machined parameters；Workbench then accepts first,
The rapid reaction of second powder falling bucket is stablized itself heat input and is passed the information on to molding cylinder body as buffered port；Moulding cylinder
Body also accepts the thermal information of workbench, powder is finally heated to work in addition to adjusting Multi-stage heating according to internal adjustable height
Make temperature, and carry the information to PID control system when heating power changes greatly, completes feedback closed loop.Compared to common two
Grade feedback closed loop, this system are used as breeze way by the soaking zone (i.e. workbench) in Three-section type heating system, avoid two
The concussion feedback being susceptible in grade feedback closed loop, stabilization and heat to heating system are assigned preferable facilitation.In addition,
Cooling system selects to open independently of the feedback closed loop according to the requirement of technological parameter below substrate.
This system removes outside three-stage pre-heating system, and gas warm-up cycle device uses bipolar preheating, that is, first passes through three
The high-temperature gas of segmentation preheating device loop exit preheats inlet gas, then reuses heating system and is heated to
Gas-recycling plant is blown by wind turbine after temperature in use, is effectively utilized heat leakage, improves the thermal efficiency.
The present invention can be directed to temperature gradient special in directionally solidified superalloy, DS superalloy and single crystal super alloy forming process and want
It asks, forms a top-down temperature gradient in moulding cylinder, while passing through the cooling-cycle device of base plate bottom in cylinder body
By heat derives, the direction stabilization for ensureing hot-fluid from top to bottom, avoids the waste heat that laser beam is brought in laser processing and makes into
The phenomenon of hot-fluid disorder in type cylinder.Since temperature gradient is distributed in moulding cylinder, if heating load is all distributed in moulding cylinder,
Huge load in heating process, which will be very unfavorable, of the invention Three-section type heating system for temperature control, mainly to be heated
Load is transferred in powder falling bucket, and passes through heating platform uniform powder temperature, the final temperature gradient control realized in moulding cylinder.
Since entire SLM process characteristics are that the time of one stroke is short, it requires that the short time is fast by the powder fallen
Speed is heated to temperature in use, in order to reduce the purpose of temperature distributing disproportionation and stable heating system in heating process, the present invention
Three-section type heating system the mesh is reached by powder falling bucket (preheating section)-heating platform (soaking zone)-moulding cylinder (bringing-up section)
, wherein powder hopper as storage powder device, can long-time storage powder before processing, therefore occupy main heating load, by
It uses electromagnetic heating, electromagnetic induction itself to will produce kelvin effect and cause temperature distributing disproportionation in powder hopper, passes through heating platform
Soaking zone can play the purpose of uniform temperature, and powder is heated to temperature in use finally by the bringing-up section of moulding cylinder.Divide in this way
Cloth heating load can effectively reduce the huge load of single hop heating, and the concussion of entire heating system is reduced from Temperature Distribution
(as individually taken only section or double sections to heat, huge temperature Centralized will necessarily be brought in the process window of SLM, for setting
Standby structure and uniform temperature are all unfavorable, and powder thermal coefficient is not high in addition, can more be embodied using multistage heating uniformly
The advantage of temperature can be uniformly distributed rapidly increased heating load when temperature gradient or technological requirement temperature change,
Systems stabilisation)；Meanwhile in control system, using the design of Three-section type heating, intermediate soaking zone accepts the input of front and back end
Output can effectively reduce the concussion feedback in control system, the concussion of entire heating system is reduced from control system, if
Single hop is taken to heat, it is assumed that temperature in use is 200 DEG C, and system is heating initial significant increase power, and actual power is much larger than 200
DEG C when firm power, cause temperature in use far to surpass 200 DEG C in a short time, then power can be greatly reduced in system again, lead to temperature
It is less than 200 DEG C again in a short time, the concussion that entire temperature in use can be larger in the section near 200 DEG C is final to stablize to 200 DEG C,
And when taking the Three-section type heating of the present invention, temperature can be stablized according to 100 DEG C -150 DEG C -200 DEG C and rise, eventually 200
Section small range concussion near DEG C, it is final to stablize to 200 DEG C, it can be seen that Three-section type heating system for temperature control more
It is accurate.
The present invention has agreed with the unique processing technology of SLM techniques, combines the spy of powder each flow in working chamber
Point uses a kind of segmentation of new way and is heated to powder, mitigates the burden of single source, reduces in process
A large amount of heat loss ensure that the temperature of powder, it can be achieved that higher powder preheating temperature by equalizing heating process；Simultaneously
Also the control of temperature gradient in cylinder body can be realized.The present invention is used as breeze way by the soaking zone in Three-section type heating system, keeps away
Exempted from the concussion feedback occurred due to environment temperature or setting temperature jump in two level feedback closed loop, to the stabilization of heating system and
Improving hot allocative efficiency has preferable facilitation, the present invention to be truly realized intelligence and the modularization of SLM heating systems, can
Realize that accurately high temperature powder preheats.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of three-stage selective laser melting combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that including being arranged in working chamber (9)
Preheating section, soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, wherein the preheating section is arranged in the top inside working chamber, for storing powder
End, and powder is preheated；The soaking zone is located at the lower section of preheating section, equal for being carried out to the powder fallen from preheating section
Heat, and the powder after soaking is sent into Multi-stage heating section, the powder after the soaking carries out selectivity in Multi-stage heating section and swashs
Light fusing forming；The Multi-stage heating section is located at the side of soaking zone, is heated for the powder to soaking, and to having swashed
The part of light forming carries out gradient-heated, to form top-down temperature gradient.
2. three-stage selective laser melting as described in claim 1 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that the preheating section
Including the first powder falling bucket (1) and the second powder falling bucket (2), the first powder falling bucket (1) and the second powder falling bucket (2) are set to inside working chamber
Top, and be symmetrically arranged；The first powder falling bucket (1) is identical with the second powder falling bucket (2) structure, include powder hopper and
Blanking plate (25) below powder hopper for being turned on and off powder hopper.
3. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 2 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that the powder hopper
Outside is disposed with insulation material layer (22), induction coil (21) and electro-magnetic screen layer (23).
4. three-stage selective laser melting as described in claim 1 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that the soaking zone
Including the first workbench (12) and the second workbench being divided into below the first powder falling bucket (1) and the second powder falling bucket (2)
(11), it is embedded with heating rod inside first workbench (12) and the second workbench (11), to realize the heating of powder.
5. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 4 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that described first falls
It is provided with scraper plate between powder hopper (1) and the first workbench (12) or between the second powder falling bucket (2) and the second workbench (11)
(4)。
6. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 5 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that first work
Make to be additionally provided with the first powder falling mouth (14) on platform (12), the second powder falling mouth (13) be additionally provided on the second workbench (11),
By moving back and forth for scraper plate (4), first by the first powder falling bucket (1) drop down onto the powder on the first workbench (12) send to
In Multi-stage heating section, and extra powder is sent into the second powder falling mouth (13), to complete to wait for the one of laser fusion formation of parts
Layer powder feeding, then drops down onto the powder on the second workbench (11) by the second powder falling bucket (2) and send into multistage bringing-up section, and will be more
Remaining powder is sent into the first powder falling mouth (14), to complete to wait for next layer of powder feeding of laser fusion formation of parts.
7. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 5 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that the multistage adds
Hot arc includes forming cavity and substrate (8), and forming cavity is set to the middle part of working chamber lower inside, and substrate (8) setting is shaping
Intracavitary moves up and down under the action of elevating mechanism (15), and the both sides of the forming cavity are provided with more from top to bottom successively
The heating rod of arrangement, more heating rods are opened according to the regioselectivity of substrate (8), to realize gradient-heated.
8. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 7 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that the multistage adds
It is additionally provided with cooling-cycle device in hot arc, to ensure that direction of heat flow is stablized, avoids hot-fluid disorderly, the cooling-cycle device is set
Lower section in substrate (8), the cooling-cycle device be built-in coolant flow channel brass supporting plate (31), the brass supporting plate (31) with
It is provided with heating plate (32) between substrate (8), thermal insulation board (33) is provided with below the brass supporting plate (31).
9. three-stage selective laser melting as claimed in claim 7 or 8 combines pre-heating system, which is characterized in that working chamber
Internal top is provided with laser (3), to provide laser beam, realizes that the laser fusion forming of powder, the laser (3) are located at
The surface of forming cavity；Preferably, gas warm-up cycle device (5) is additionally provided in the working chamber, the gas warm-up cycle
Device (5) includes gas heat-exchanger (51) and wind turbine (52), and the wind turbine (52) is connected with the gas heat-exchanger (51),
For inert gas to be sent into gas heat-exchanger (51), the gas heat-exchanger (51) passes through pipeline and working chamber respectively
(9) gas outlet (54) on is connected with air inlet (55), the pipeline that wherein gas heat-exchanger (51) is connected with air inlet (55)
It is laid with along soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section, on the one hand which collects high temperature inert gas from gas outlet (54)
Body, and preheated using the inert gas that high temperature inert gas is sent into wind turbine, on the other hand by the inert gas after preheating
It is sent into working chamber (9) through air inlet (55) after soaking zone and Multi-stage heating section preheat again.
10. as claim 1-9 any one of them three-stage selective laser meltings combine pre-heating system, which is characterized in that
The combination pre-heating system further includes temperature feedback control device, which includes center pid control module
(41), preheating section control module (42), soaking zone control module (43), Multi-stage heating section control module (44) and atmosphere preheating control
Molding block (45), wherein the heating that center pid control module (41) distributes modules according to set heating temperature is appointed
Powder is heated to preheating temperature, soaking zone control by business, preheating section control module (42) according to the task control preheating section of distribution
Module (43) heats powder according to the task control soaking zone of distribution, and Multi-stage heating section control module (44) is according to distribution
Task control Multi-stage heating section heating powder to temperature in use.
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| CN112846515B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-08 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | Auxiliary device used in metal additive manufacturing process |
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