CN111957968A - Composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device and method - Google Patents
Composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111957968A CN111957968A CN202010916895.9A CN202010916895A CN111957968A CN 111957968 A CN111957968 A CN 111957968A CN 202010916895 A CN202010916895 A CN 202010916895A CN 111957968 A CN111957968 A CN 111957968A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device and a method, a powder spreading scraper is arranged on a working table plate, a through hole is arranged on the working table plate, a forming cylinder body communicated with the through hole of the working table plate is fixed at the lower end of the working table plate, a piston assembly capable of moving up and down in the forming cylinder body is arranged in the forming cylinder body, a printing substrate is arranged on the piston assembly, printing powder can be laid on the printing substrate on the working table plate through the powder spreading scraper, a device capable of increasing and decreasing materials simultaneously is formed by utilizing a multi-type laser synergistic composite scanning system and a powder spreading scraper system capable of performing material increasing and forming on the working table plate, the surface of a part is processed by adopting pulse laser impact, the residual stress state of the part under long-time alternate thermal action can be effectively regulated and controlled, so that the warping deformation of the part is reduced, the forming quality is, meanwhile, a separation space is not needed, material increase and material decrease can be completed in an atmosphere space, and production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material increase and decrease manufacturing, and particularly relates to a composite material increase and decrease processing and forming device and method.
Background
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology, which directly melts and forms metal powder into a fully-dense three-dimensional part by means of a computer aided design and manufacturing based on the principle of 'discrete-layering-accumulation', does not need a mold in the forming process, is not limited by the structural complexity of the part, and can be used as a supporting material for unfused powder, so that a metal functional part with metallurgical bonding, high precision and high structural complexity is obtained, and the SLM has a wide application prospect.
Although the precision of SLM printing parts can reach +/-0.05 mm, the surface quality can reach Ra5.0, the SLM printing method is limited by materials and process factors such as powder granularity and layer-by-layer printing, and the low laser intensity of a laser causes melting and continuous evaporation of the materials, although a laser beam can be focused into a small light spot, the thermal shock to the materials is still large, the processing precision and the surface smoothness are limited, and the dimensional precision and the surface roughness of SLM technology molded parts cannot meet the precision requirements of high-precision parts.
Meanwhile, the material undergoes a multi-cycle heat exchange effect in the SLM forming process, the cooling rate of a molten pool is as high as 107K/s, the temperature field and the stress field change abnormally and severely, and very large internal stress is generated, so that the problems of generating structural defects such as microcracks and the like in the parts, causing the parts to warp and deform and the like are easily caused. Therefore, how to improve the processing quality of the part in the SLM forming process and improve the processing precision needs to be further researched and improved for SLM forming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device and a method, which are used for overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a compound material processing forming device that increases and decreases, include the work platen and set up the shop powder scraper on the work platen, the through-hole has been seted up on the work platen, the work platen lower extreme is fixed with the shaping cylinder body that communicates with work platen through-hole, be equipped with the piston assembly that can reciprocate in the shaping cylinder body, be equipped with the printing base plate on the piston assembly, can lay the printing powder on printing the base plate through shop powder scraper on the work platen, work platen upper end is equipped with the compound scanning system in coordination of polymorphic type laser, the scanning laser of the compound scanning system in coordination of polymorphic type laser can act on the printing powder that prints on the base plate.
Furthermore, the upper end of the forming cylinder body is provided with a connecting lug, the forming cylinder body is fixedly connected with the working table plate through a bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the forming cylinder body and the working table plate.
Further, a forming cavity is arranged at the upper end of the working table plate, a top plate is fixed at the upper end of the forming cavity, the multi-type laser collaborative composite scanning system is fixed on the top plate, and a forming cavity space is formed among the working table plate, the forming cavity and the top plate.
Furthermore, a piston electric cylinder is arranged on the working table plate, and the powder spreading scraper is fixed on a driving rod of the piston electric cylinder.
Further, spread the powder scraper and include the scraper body and set up in the powder storehouse of scraper body, work platen upper end one side is fixed with the storehouse of falling powder, and the discharge gate that falls the powder storehouse is located spreads powder scraper upper end, and the powder that falls in the powder storehouse can fall into the powder storehouse of spreading the powder scraper through the discharge gate.
Furthermore, a powder collecting opening is formed in the working table plate, and a powder collecting box is arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting opening on the working table plate.
Further, piston assembly sets gradually hot plate, water-cooling board and servo drive mechanism from top to bottom, prints the base plate and is fixed in on the hot plate.
Further, the multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system comprises a continuous laser scanning system, a pulse laser scanning system and a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system.
Furthermore, the continuous laser scanning system comprises a continuous laser, a first collimation beam expanding lens, a first focusing lens and a first scanning head, wherein the first scanning head is fixed on the top plate, the first focusing lens is arranged on one side of the first scanning head, and the first focusing lens is connected with the continuous laser through the first collimation beam expanding lens;
the femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system comprises a femtosecond/picosecond laser, a second collimation beam expander, a second focusing mirror and a second scanning head; the second scanning head is fixed on the top plate, the second focusing mirror is arranged on one side of the first scanning head, and the second focusing mirror is connected with the femtosecond/picosecond laser through the second collimation and beam expansion mirror;
the pulse laser scanning system comprises a pulse laser, a third scanning head, a third collimation beam expanding lens and a third focusing lens, the third scanning head is fixed on the top plate, the third focusing lens is arranged on one side of the third scanning head, and the third focusing lens is connected with the pulse laser through the third collimation beam expanding lens.
A composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming method comprises the following steps:
step 1), performing SLM material increase processing on a current printing layer according to slice data of a CAD model of a target part;
step 2), after the SLM of the current layer is subjected to additive machining, performing online impact strengthening stress relief operation on the formed surface according to slice data of the current layer; finally, performing fine and close material reduction machining on the inner contour and the outer contour of the cross section of the formed part according to the CAD contour data of the current layer through a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system to finish material increase and decrease machining of the current layer; and then controlling the formed substrate to descend by one powder printing layer thickness, and repeating the step 1) and the step 2) after powder is spread by a scraper powder spreading system until the part processing is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device, which comprises a working table plate and a powder spreading scraper arranged on the working table plate, wherein a through hole is formed in the working table plate, a forming cylinder body communicated with the through hole of the working table plate is fixed at the lower end of the working table plate, a piston assembly capable of moving up and down in the forming cylinder body is arranged in the forming cylinder body, a printing substrate is arranged on the piston assembly, printing powder can be spread on the printing substrate on the working table plate through the powder spreading scraper, a multi-type laser synergistic composite scanning system is arranged at the upper end of the working table plate, scanning laser of the multi-type laser synergistic composite scanning system can act on the printing powder on the printing substrate for printing and forming, a device capable of increasing and decreasing materials simultaneously is formed by utilizing the multi-type laser synergistic composite scanning system and the powder spreading scraper system, the residual stress state of the part under the long-time alternate thermal action can be effectively regulated and controlled, so that the part warping deformation is reduced, the forming quality is improved, the problem that additive manufacturing participates in stress can be solved in the additive forming process, meanwhile, a separation space is not needed, material increase and material decrease can be completed in an atmosphere space, and the production efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a piston electric cylinder is arranged on the working table plate, and the powder spreading scraper is fixed on a driving rod of the piston electric cylinder, so that the structure is compact and simple.
Furthermore, a powder collecting opening is formed in the working table plate, and a powder collecting box is arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting opening on the working table plate, so that the collection of redundant powder is facilitated.
Further, with a continuous laser scanning system, a pulsed laser scanning system and a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system, when ultrashort pulse time of picosecond or even femtosecond magnitude is applied to a material, the processing effect can be changed remarkably, the high power density is enough to strip outer layer electrons along with the sharp rise of pulse energy, and because the interaction time of the laser and the material is short, ions are already ablated from the surface of the material before the energy is transferred to the surrounding material, and the thermal influence on the surrounding material is not brought, so that ultrashort pulsed laser such as picosecond/femtosecond is also called as a cold processing technology, and high dimensional accuracy and surface quality can be obtained. The deep fusion SLM laser material increase manufacturing technology, the pulse laser impact stress regulation technology and the femtosecond/picosecond laser cold machining technology are hopeful to realize high-quality high-precision integrated material increase and decrease net forming of high-precision complex structural feature parts.
A composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming method comprises the steps of conducting SLM material increasing machining on a current printing layer according to slice data of a CAD model of a target part; after the SLM of the current layer is subjected to additive machining, performing online impact strengthening stress relieving operation on the formed surface according to slice data of the current layer; and finally, performing fine and close material reduction processing on the inner contour and the outer contour of the cross section of the formed part according to the CAD contour data of the current layer by a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system, and adopting pulse laser to impact the surface of the part to effectively regulate and control the residual stress state of the part under the long-time alternating thermal action, thereby reducing the warping deformation of the part, improving the forming quality, eliminating the problem of stress participation in additive manufacturing in the additive forming process, and effectively improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-type laser cooperative compound scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-type laser cooperative compound scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a synergistic material increase and decrease processing structure in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a supporting bottom plate, 2, a forming cylinder, 3, a servo traction mechanism, 4, a water-cooling plate, 5, a heating plate, 6, a printing substrate, 7, a powder material, 8, a powder collecting box, 9, a target part, 10, a working table plate, 11, a powder spreading scraper, 12, a powder falling bin, 13, an industrial camera, 14, protective glass, 15, a first scanning head, 16, an X-direction deflection lens, 17, a Y-direction deflection lens, 18, a beam combining device, 19, a semi-reflecting mirror, 20, a first focusing lens, 21, a continuous laser, 22, a second focusing lens, 23, a femtosecond/picosecond laser, 24, a powder collecting port, 25, a forming cavity, 26, a top plate, 27, a second scanning head, 28, a first collimating beam expanding lens, 29, a second collimating lens, 30, a pulse laser, 31, a third scanning head, 32, a third beam expanding lens, 33, a third focusing lens, 34, a powder collecting port, printing area, 35, piston assembly, 36, SLM processing area, 37, material reducing outer profile, 38, material reducing inner profile, 39, piston cylinder.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device comprises a work table plate 10 and a powder spreading scraper 11 arranged on the work table plate 10, a through hole is formed in the work table plate 10, a forming cylinder 2 communicated with the through hole of the work table plate 10 is fixed at the lower end of the work table plate 10, a piston assembly 35 capable of moving up and down in the forming cylinder 2 is arranged in the forming cylinder 2, a printing substrate 6 is arranged on the piston assembly 35, printing powder can be spread on the printing substrate 6 through the powder spreading scraper 11 on the work table plate 10, a multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system is arranged at the upper end of the work table plate 10, and scanning laser of the multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system can act on the printing powder on the printing substrate 6 to perform. The through hole in the platen 10 is a print area 34.
The upper end of the forming cylinder body 2 is provided with a connecting lug, the forming cylinder body 2 is fixedly connected with the working table plate 10 through a bolt, the forming cylinder body 2 and the working table plate 10 are convenient to disassemble, maintain and clean, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the forming cylinder body 2 and the working table plate 10 to ensure the connection and sealing between the forming cylinder body 2 and the working table plate 10.
The upper end of the working table plate 10 is provided with a forming cavity 25, the upper end of the forming cavity 25 is fixed with a top plate 26, the multi-type laser collaborative composite scanning system is fixed on the top plate 26, and a forming cavity space is formed among the working table plate 10, the forming cavity 25 and the top plate 26 and is used for printing and forming, so that a closed space is provided, and printing and forming under an inert gas atmosphere are facilitated.
Be equipped with piston electric cylinder 39 on the work platen 10, spread on powder scraper 11 is fixed in the actuating lever of piston electric cylinder 39, spread powder scraper 11 and adopt and remove the drive mode about, spread powder scraper 11 and make a round trip on work platen 10 and be a stroke, the powder that once gets into in spreading powder scraper 11 can supply to spread powder scraper motion a plurality of strokes, when spreading powder scraper 11 and walk a stroke after, piston assembly 35 moves a bed thickness downwards, accomplishes a stroke and prints.
A powder collecting port 24 is formed in the working table plate 10, a powder collecting box 8 is arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting port 24 on the working table plate 10, raw powder materials fall into the powder paving scraper 11 from the powder falling bin 12, then the raw powder materials are uniformly paved on the printing area 34 through the left-right movement of the powder paving scraper 11, and redundant powder falls into the powder collecting box 8 through the powder collecting port 24 for recycling; an industrial camera 13 is further arranged on the work table plate 10, and the industrial camera 13 is used for acquiring information of a printing process and a powder laying process. The bottom of the powder spreading scraper 11 is always parallel to and nearly attached to the upper surface of the working table plate 10.
Piston assembly 35 is including setting gradually hot plate 5, water-cooling board 4 and servo drive mechanism 3 from top to bottom, and printing substrate 6 is fixed in on hot plate 5, and piston assembly 35 can be along the inner wall up-and-down motion of forming cylinder body 2 under servo drive mechanism 3's effect, and hot plate 5 is used for heating for printing substrate 6, prevents to print the too fast cooling of in-process.
The multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system comprises a continuous laser scanning system, a pulse laser scanning system and a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system; the continuous laser scanning system comprises a continuous laser 21, a first collimation beam expanding lens 28, a first focusing lens 20 and a first scanning head 15, wherein the first scanning head 15 is fixed at the upper end of the workbench plate 10;
the femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system comprises a femtosecond/picosecond laser 23, a second collimation beam expander 29, a second focusing mirror 22 and a second scanning head 27; the second scanning head 27 is fixed on the upper end of the working table plate 10, in this application, the second scanning head 27 is fixed on the top plate 26, the second focusing mirror 22 is arranged on one side of the first scanning head 15, and the second focusing mirror 22 is connected with the femtosecond/picosecond laser 23 through the second collimation and beam expansion mirror 29;
the pulse laser scanning system comprises a pulse laser 30, a third scanning head 31, a third collimation and expansion lens 32 and a third focusing lens 33, wherein the third scanning head 31 is fixed at the upper end of the working table plate 10, in the application, the third scanning head 31 is fixed on the top plate 26, the third focusing lens 33 is arranged on one side of the third scanning head 31, and the third focusing lens 33 is connected with the pulse laser 30 through the third collimation and expansion lens 32.
After being emitted from a laser, a laser beam sequentially passes through a collimation beam expander, a focusing lens and a scanning head, and then is emitted to a printing area 34 under the deflection action of the scanning head to perform material increase and decrease processing on the target part 9. Aiming at a certain printing layer, firstly, the continuous laser scanning system carries out SLM material increase processing on the current printing layer according to the slice data of the CAD model of the target part 9; then after the SLM of the current layer is subjected to additive processing, the pulse laser scanning system performs online impact strengthening stress relief operation on the formed surface according to the slice data of the current layer; finally, the femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system carries out close material reduction machining on the inner contour 38 and the outer contour 37 of the cross section of the formed part according to the CAD contour data of the current layer, and the result is shown in FIG. 5. And at the moment, the material increasing and decreasing processing of the current layer is completed, then the servo motion system of the forming cylinder controls the substrate to descend by one powder layer thickness, and after powder is spread by the scraper powder spreading system, the three laser processing steps are sequentially repeated until the part processing is finished. The material increase and decrease cooperative composite processing of the three types of laser scanning systems is adopted, so that the high-precision high-quality integrated net forming of the target part 9 is completed.
And the continuous laser scanning system is used for melting the powder material to scan layer by layer to realize SLM additive machining forming of the part. The energy of the continuous laser 21 is continuous output, and preferably a single-mode continuous fiber laser is adopted, the power is preferably 100W-1000W, the wavelength is preferably 1064nm/1070nm, and the spot diameter is 30-80 μm.
The pulse laser scanning system performs impact strengthening stress relief on the surface of the SLM formed part, adjusts and controls the stress distribution state under the long-time circulating heat exchange effect on line, reduces the internal stress, improves the organization form and improves the mechanical comprehensive performance of the part. The energy of the pulse laser 30 is pulse output, preferably YAG solid laser, the pulse width is preferably 10ns-30ns, and the spot diameter is 1-10 mm.
The femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system is used for cutting the inner and outer contours of the SLM forming part, performing high-precision material reduction processing, and improving the processing precision and the surface quality of the part. The energy of the femtosecond/picosecond laser is ultrashort pulse output, the pulse width is preferably 100fs-20ps, the output power is preferably 10W-50W, and the diameter of a light spot is 10-50 mu m.
The SLM technology is an additive manufacturing technology of slicing layer by layer and scanning and stacking layer by layer to form, so that the shock peening stress relief of the pulse laser and the material reduction processing of the femtosecond/picosecond laser are also performed layer by layer, i.e. each layer is firstly processed by additive processing and then processed by shock peening or material reduction processing. In order to improve the processing efficiency, on the premise of combining the actual structural characteristics of the part, the continuous material increase processing can be carried out for multiple layers and then the material reduction/impact strengthening processing can be carried out for one time. For example, 10 layers of material are added and then material is subtracted, and the process is repeated in sequence.
The additive machining, the impact strengthening and the material reducing machining are carried out in a time-sharing mode, namely, the profile of the same part on the same layer needs to be subjected to additive forming and then to impact strengthening or material reducing cutting, and the sequence of the impact strengthening and the material reducing machining is not strictly limited. If the same printing layer has a plurality of part profiles, the additive machining and the subtractive machining can be simultaneously performed in a coordinated manner, namely when the nth part is subjected to additive machining, n-1 parts which are previously machined can be subjected to subtractive machining or impact strengthening machining simultaneously.
The three types of laser scanning systems are all disposed above the top plate 26 and are all mounted in parallel with the table plate 10, as shown in fig. 3. The effective scan swaths of the three types of laser scanning systems can independently cover the entire print area 34.
When the wavelength difference between the continuous laser 21 and the femtosecond/picosecond laser 23 is large, for example, the wavelength of the continuous laser 21 is 1064nm, and the wavelength of the femtosecond/picosecond laser 23 is 532nm, the two scanning systems may be integrated together by the beam combiner 18, as shown in fig. 2 and 4. At this time, the two scanning systems share one scanning head 15, the first focusing mirror 20 and the second focusing mirror 22 are respectively connected with the first scanning head 15 through the beam combining device 18, the beam combining device 18 is internally provided with a semi-reflecting mirror 19 arranged in a 45-degree direction, the surface of the semi-reflecting mirror 19 is coated with a film body, laser with the wavelength of 1064nm is allowed to directly penetrate through the film body, and laser with the wavelength of 532nm is emitted on the surface of the film body. Therefore, the continuous laser is focused by the first focusing mirror 20 and then directly enters the scanning head 15 through the half-reflecting mirror 19 to realize the material increase processing of the part, while the femtosecond laser is focused by the second focusing mirror 22 and then enters the beam combining device 18, and enters the scanning head 15 after being reflected by the surface of the half-reflecting mirror 19 to realize the material decrease processing of the part. In this embodiment the additive and subtractive processes are performed time-shared.
A protective glass 14 is arranged below the top plate 26 and used for protecting the lens of the scanning head from being polluted by smoke dust, and the protective glass 14 is preferably made of quartz;
the focusing lens is preferably a dynamic focusing lens, a precise motor is arranged in the dynamic focusing lens, and the focusing lens is driven to move left and right under the action of the motor so as to realize dynamic focal length adjustment.
The scanning head is provided with an X-direction deflection mirror 16 and a Y-direction deflection mirror 17. And controlling the two groups of lenses to swing in a coordinated manner according to the CAD slice data of the target part 9 so as to project laser onto the printing area 34 to scan the cross-sectional shape of the current layer.
The invention relates to a composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device and method, which aim at SLM material increasing and manufacturing of complex-structure parts, online impact strengthening and stress relieving of pulse laser and femtosecond/picosecond laser precision cutting of part profiles and realize high-quality and high-precision integrated net forming of high-precision complex-structure characteristic parts through cooperation of a multi-type laser scanning system and composite material increasing and decreasing machining.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a compound increase and decrease material processing forming device, a serial communication port, including work platen (10) and set up shop's powder scraper (11) on work platen (10), the through-hole has been seted up on work platen (10), work platen (10) lower extreme is fixed with shaping cylinder body (2) with work platen (10) through-hole intercommunication, be equipped with piston assembly (35) that can reciprocate in shaping cylinder body (2), be equipped with on piston assembly (35) and print base plate (6), can lay the printing powder on printing base plate (6) through shop's powder scraper (11) on work platen (10), work platen (10) upper end is equipped with multiclass laser and compounds scanning system in coordination, the scanning laser of multiclass laser and compounds scanning system in coordination can act on the printing powder that prints on base plate (6) and print the shaping.
2. The composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the forming cylinder body (2) is provided with a connecting lug, the forming cylinder body (2) is fixedly connected with the workbench plate (10) through a bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the forming cylinder body (2) and the workbench plate (10).
3. The composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device according to claim 1, wherein a forming cavity (25) is formed in the upper end of the working table plate (10), a top plate (26) is fixed to the upper end of the forming cavity (25), the multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system is fixed to the top plate (26), and a forming cavity space is formed among the working table plate (10), the forming cavity (25) and the top plate (26).
4. The composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device according to claim 1, wherein the working table plate (10) is provided with a piston electric cylinder (39), and the powder spreading scraper (11) is fixed on a driving rod of the piston electric cylinder (39).
5. The composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device according to claim 1, wherein the powder spreading scraper (11) comprises a scraper body and a powder bin arranged on the scraper body, a powder dropping bin (12) is fixed on one side of the upper end of the working table plate (10), a discharge port of the powder dropping bin (12) is positioned at the upper end of the powder spreading scraper (11), and powder in the powder dropping bin (12) can fall into the powder bin of the powder spreading scraper (11) through the discharge port.
6. The composite material increasing and decreasing processing and forming device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a powder collecting opening (24) is formed in the working table plate (10), and a powder collecting box (8) is arranged on the working table plate (10) and located at the lower end of the powder collecting opening (24).
7. The composite incremental and decremental profile machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston assembly (35) comprises a heating plate (5), a water cooling plate (4) and a servo traction mechanism (3) arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the printing substrate (6) is fixed on the heating plate (5).
8. The device of claim 3, wherein the multi-type laser cooperative composite scanning system comprises a continuous laser scanning system, a pulsed laser scanning system and a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system.
9. The composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device is characterized in that the continuous laser scanning system comprises a continuous laser (21), a first collimation beam expanding lens (28), a first focusing lens (20) and a first scanning head (15), the first scanning head (15) is fixed on a top plate (26), the first focusing lens (20) is arranged on one side of the first scanning head (15), and the first focusing lens (20) is connected with the continuous laser (21) through the first collimation beam expanding lens (28);
the femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system comprises a femtosecond/picosecond laser (23), a second collimation and beam expanding lens (29), a second focusing lens (22) and a second scanning head (27); the second scanning head (27) is fixed on the top plate (26), the second focusing mirror (22) is arranged on one side of the first scanning head (15), and the second focusing mirror (22) is connected with the femtosecond/picosecond laser (23) through a second collimation and beam expansion lens (29);
the pulse laser scanning system comprises a pulse laser (30), a third scanning head (31), a third collimation beam expander (32) and a third focusing mirror (33), wherein the third scanning head (31) is fixed on a top plate (26), the third focusing mirror (33) is arranged on one side of the third scanning head (31), and the third focusing mirror (33) is connected with the pulse laser (30) through the third collimation beam expander (32).
10. A composite additive/subtractive material processing/forming method based on the composite additive/subtractive material processing/forming apparatus according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1), performing SLM material increase processing on a current printing layer according to slice data of a CAD model of a target part;
step 2), after the SLM of the current layer is subjected to additive machining, performing online impact strengthening stress relief operation on the formed surface according to slice data of the current layer; finally, performing fine and close material reduction machining on the inner contour and the outer contour of the cross section of the formed part according to the CAD contour data of the current layer through a femtosecond/picosecond laser scanning system to finish material increase and decrease machining of the current layer; and then controlling the formed substrate to descend by one powder printing layer thickness, and repeating the step 1) and the step 2) after powder is spread by a scraper powder spreading system until the part processing is finished.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010916895.9A CN111957968A (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2020-09-03 | Composite material increasing and decreasing machining forming device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN113210865A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-06 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Laser welding equipment |
| CN113320150A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 西安交通大学 | Powder bed substrate rotating device capable of realizing unsupported printing |
| CN113385941A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-14 | 西安交通大学 | Material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing device |
| CN113560574A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-29 | 广东工业大学 | 3D printing defect repairing method |
| CN114425625A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-03 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Pulsed laser additive and subtractive manufacturing system and method |
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