CN117718561B - Arc increase-decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method and system - Google Patents
Arc increase-decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planning method and a planning system for an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process, wherein the method models a component; slicing and layering to obtain contour coordinates; collision interference detection; setting an alternating sequence of material increasing and decreasing procedures; constructing a planning mathematical model; and solving a mathematical model to obtain a process planning sequence. Compared with the prior art, the invention is not only suitable for complex structural members with columnar characteristics, but also can be expanded to complex structural members with other geometric characteristics; meanwhile, the invention develops a planning system for the composite manufacturing process of the increase and decrease material, which realizes the formulation of an optimized composite manufacturing process scheme of the increase and decrease material with the aim of shortest alternating time of the increase and decrease material working procedures by leading in the member to be formed, outputs corresponding numerical control processing codes of the increase and decrease material, and realizes the composite manufacturing of the increase and decrease material of the member to be formed. Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the problems of difficult planning of complex manufacturing process of complex structural members, poor quality of planning schemes and lack of corresponding computer aided design software.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer aided design, additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing intersection, and particularly relates to an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method and system.
Background
The composite manufacturing of the material increase and decrease is an advanced manufacturing technology combining the advantages of high design freedom degree of additive manufacturing (AM, additive Manufacturing) and high surface precision of computer numerical control (CNC, computer Numerical Control) processing, integrates the advantages of additive manufacturing and numerical control processing, and is widely applied to the fields of weapon ships, aerospace, high-end equipment and the like. However, for the forming manufacture of complex structural members, the geometric shapes of the parts after the former procedure is finished directly influence the accessibility of the cutters in the latter procedure due to the dynamic growth of the geometric shapes in the manufacturing process, so that the difficulty of process planning is greatly increased. In order to solve the problem, currently, in the manufacturing process, a method of manual planning is widely adopted, a part is divided into a plurality of layers to be processed, and then each processing layer is manufactured in an alternating mode of 'material adding before material subtracting'. However, too high a layer height may result in collisions of tools or components, while too low a layer height may reduce manufacturing efficiency and create too much process alternation. This not only consumes a lot of preparation and tool changing time, but also leaves many tool receiving marks on the surface of the part, which can adversely affect the surface quality and possibly even the functional properties of the part.
At present, the planning of the composite manufacturing process of the increased or decreased materials of the complex structural member is freshly researched. A scholars proposed a top-down hybrid manufacturing alternating sequence planning method for complex structures with rotational geometry and columnar features. However, due to the special top-down sequential search strategy, the scope of application of the above method is limited to complex structures with rotational geometry and columnar features, and the resulting process planning scheme is not optimal. Existing hybrid manufacturing process planning methods lack more or less versatility, and rotational geometry with columnar features is a limit that existing algorithms can handle. In addition, the existing software tools are difficult to systematically process the process optimization problem of composite manufacturing of complex component materials, and cannot obtain optimal process planning decisions. It is highly desirable to construct efficient computer aided design systems to achieve additive and subtractive composite fabrication of complex components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planning method and a planning system for an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process, which are used for solving the problems of difficult planning of the composite manufacturing process of a complex component, poor quality of a planning scheme and lack of corresponding auxiliary design software.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: acquiring a computer-aided design model of a member to be formed;
step 2: slicing and layering, and obtaining contour parameters of the component through geometric intersection operation according to slice data;
step 3: collision interference detection, namely calculating the reachable areas of the cutters of all contour points on the component, and determining the collision interference areas through intersection calculation;
step 4: repeating the step 3 from bottom to top, and determining the alternating priority sequence of the additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing processes of the component and the collision interference area;
Step 5: setting up a process optimization mathematical model of the composite manufacturing of the increasing and decreasing materials by taking a minimum value selected from the total alternating time of the increasing and decreasing material working procedures in the composite manufacturing of the increasing and decreasing materials as a target;
Step 6: and solving the model to obtain a process planning sequence.
An arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system adopts Python to carry out secondary development based on Unigraphics NX software, and the system comprises:
the collision interference detection module inputs STL format files to be formed and outputs an alternating priority sequence of increasing and decreasing materials;
the process planning module is used for determining a process planning sequence by taking a minimum value selected from total alternating time of material increasing and decreasing procedures in material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing as a target;
A tool path generation module; and generating corresponding material increasing and decreasing working procedure processing tracks according to the process planning sequence, and performing post-processing to generate G codes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a planning method for an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process, which does not depend on manual operation and can realize self-adaptive division of increase and decrease material working procedures.
(2) The invention provides a bottom-up sequential search algorithm, which realizes the establishment of alternating sequences of additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing processes. Compared with the prior art, the method is not only suitable for complex structural members with columnar characteristics, but also can be expanded to complex structural members with other geometric characteristics.
(3) The invention provides an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system. The system is based on the existing computer aided design software, and can realize the establishment of an optimal process planning sequence aiming at the minimum alternation time of the material increasing and decreasing working procedures through importing STL format files of the components, and generate corresponding material increasing and decreasing machining numerical control programs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the cases of the present invention and the advantages compared to the prior art, the drawings used in the cases or the prior art description will be briefly described, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some of the cases of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planning an arc additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a definition of "pillar versus non-pillar" features, where (a) is a non-pillar feature and (b) is a pillar feature.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a closed impeller processed by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arc additive/subtractive composite manufacturing process planning system according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of closed impeller member forming by using an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps of the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method adopting the invention include:
step 1: the building block models and exports the STL format file. And acquiring a computer-aided design model of the member to be formed by using Unigraphics NX software, and exporting the model into an STL format file.
Step 2: slicing and layering, and obtaining contour parameters of the component through geometric intersection operation according to slice data. Specifically, plane layering is performed according to a slice equation Z and a slice thickness H, and plane intersection operation is performed through each layer of slice and a triangular surface patch in the STL model, so that the contour point coordinates of the component are obtained.
Step 3: and (5) collision interference detection. Taking a certain contour point of the first layer (bottom layer), taking the point as a sphere center, taking the length of the CNC cutter as a radius, and drawing a Gaussian sphere (upper hemisphere); and determining a projection area of a connecting line of the light source point and the obstacle point on the Gaussian sphere by taking the point as a light source point and the rest points of the component as obstacle points, wherein a non-projection area is a tool reachable area of the point. Repeating the steps until the tool reachable area of any point of the layer is obtained. To ensure the smoothness of the feeding track while ensuring the accessibility of the cutting tool at any point of the layer, a method for definingFor the smooth order of the tool, get/>Represents any adjacency/>, to the layerAnd carrying out intersection calculation on the tool reachable areas of the points, and if the intersection is empty, determining the area where the tool collision interference occurs.
Step 4: repeating the step 3 from bottom to top, and determining the alternating priority sequence of the additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing processes of the component and the collision interference area. Determining the region where tool collision interference occurs (the firstLayer and/>Layer/>) Then/>The material reduction processing procedure of the layer should be at the first/>The additive processing of the layer is performed prior to the layer. Repeating the steps until the alternating priority sequence of the additive manufacturing and the subtractive manufacturing processes of the collision interference area of the whole component is determined.
Wherein,、/>All are layer numbers of the component after slicing and layering.
Step 5: and building an optimal mathematical model of the composite manufacturing process of the increase and decrease materials by taking the shortest alternating time of the increase and decrease materials as a target.
The concrete steps of building the mathematical model optimized by the composite manufacturing process of the increase and decrease materials are as follows:
step 5.1: variable definition;
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the collection of processing procedures,/>Express work number,/>Total number of layers divided for the component.
If the component to be formed is divided into pieces in step 2Layers, each layer is processed by adding material and subtracting material once, then n= {,/>,…,/>,/>,/>,…,/>"Wherein/>Represents the/>Performing additive processing on the layer; /(I)Represents the/>The layers are subjected to material reduction processing.
For the collection of tools used in machining,/>Is a cutter and/>；
Indicating the time required for alternating the material increasing and decreasing steps.
The time required for the arc additive manufacturing to perform primary air cooling is shown.
，/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether or not to follow the process/>Processing after finishing processing; /(I)Indicating the procedureFollowing procedure/>Processing after finishing processing; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>Without the need for subsequent processes/>And processing after finishing processing.
，/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether or not to use a cutter/>Processing; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>With tools/>Processing; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>Without tools/>And processing.
，/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether or not to use a cutter/>Processing; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>With tools/>Processing; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>Without tools/>And processing.
，/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether it is an additive manufacturing process; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>Is an additive manufacturing process; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>The manufacturing process is to reduce the material.
，/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether it is an additive manufacturing process; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>Is an additive manufacturing process; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>The manufacturing process is to reduce the material.
Determined by manufacturing priority relation,/>Indicating the procedure/>Whether or not to process/>Processing before; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>In procedure/>Processing before; /(I)Indicating the procedure/>In procedure/>And then processing.
Step 5.2: and determining an objective function by taking the shortest alternating time of the material increasing and decreasing process as the objective:
（1）；
In the formula (1), the components are as follows, Indicating total time of alternation of material increasing and decreasing steps in composite material increasing and decreasing manufacture,/>The minimum value of the total time of alternating material increasing and decreasing procedures in the composite material increasing and decreasing manufacturing is used; /(I)The time required by alternating the material increasing and decreasing process is represented; Representing the time required for the arc additive manufacturing to perform primary air cooling; /(I) Total number of layers divided for the component; /(I)For decision variables, the process/>Whether or not to follow the process/>Processing after finishing processing; /(I)And/>Respectively show the process/>And procedure/>Whether or not to use a cutter/>Processing when/>When=1, the process/>And procedure/>Respectively processing by using different cutters; /(I)And/>Respectively show the process/>And procedure/>Whether or not it is an additive manufacturing process, when/>When=1, the process is shownAnd procedure/>At least one of the working procedures is an additive manufacturing working procedure; when/>When=1, the process/>And procedure/>Processing by using different cutters respectively, wherein at least one of the steps is an additive manufacturing step, and the cutter for additive manufacturing is constantly an arc welding gun, so the step/>And procedure/>The additive manufacturing process and the subtractive manufacturing process are respectively performed, and the process alternation is required when the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing is performed.
Step 5.3: defining constraint conditions;
the constraints to be satisfied by the objective function are as follows:
（2） ；
（3） ；
（4）；
（5）；
（6）；
（7）；
（8）；
（9）；
wherein, the formula (2) shows that the next working procedure is not needed after the last working procedure (end) is finished; the formula (3) shows that the previous working procedure is not needed before the first working procedure is carried out; formula (4) represents the first The other process is available and can only be processed before the other process; formula (5) represents the/>The other process is available and can only be processed after the other process; formula (6) represents that the processing sequence between two adjacent processes is unique; formula (7) is a production priority constraint, and represents a process/>And procedure/>The processing sequence of (2) accords with the manufacturing priority relation; formula (8) shows that one process can only be performed with one tool; equation (9) limits the variables to integer variables from 0-1.
Step 6: and solving the model to obtain an optimal process planning sequence. The minimum material increasing and decreasing process alternation problem is a special 0-1 planning problem, and the calculated amount of the minimum material increasing and decreasing process alternation problem is effectively reduced by fully utilizing the special property of the minimum material increasing and decreasing process alternation problem.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
Step 6.1, determining a layer where a cutter contact point with collision interference and a collision interference point are located;
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the collection of layers where the tool contact points interfere with collision,/>Layer height number representing tool contact point, wherein/>，/>Total number of layers divided for the component.
；
In the method, in the process of the invention,For the collection of layers where collision interference points of collision interference occur,/>Layer height sequence number representing collision interference point, wherein/>，/>Total number of layers divided for the component.
Step 6.2, determining the alternating sequence of the material increasing and decreasing procedures;
Taking out Alternating layers for initial process, then pair/>The components below the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),/>,…,/>)(/>,/>,…,/>)；
Judgment setIs the presence of a layer height/>So that/>>/>。
If not present>/>Pair/>Layer/>The components above the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),/>,…,/>) (/>,/>,…,/>)；
If present>/>Determining the layer/>, where the contact point with the tool isLayer/>, where collision interference point where collision interference occursPair/>Layer/>Layer and/>The components between the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),,…,/>)（/>,/>,…,/>）；
Step 6.3, determining the least alternative sequence of the material increasing and decreasing procedures;
repeating step 6.2 from bottom to top, wherein when the layer height does not exist in the layer set U where the cutter contact point with collision interference exists So that/>And if the number is larger than the current processing layer, the algorithm converges, and the minimum alternating sequence of increasing and decreasing material procedures is obtained.
The invention also discloses a planning system for the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process.
The system is a software part, is oriented to a five-axis machining center and is based on Unigraphics NX computer aided design software, and the system adopts Python for secondary development, so that the system can realize: dividing collision interference areas in material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing; setting an optimal process planning sequence by taking the shortest alternating time of the material increasing and decreasing working procedures as a target; and integrating the NX software into a system through a self-contained processing module to generate a cutter or arc welding gun motion path required by the composite manufacturing process of the increased and decreased materials, and generating a G code by calling a post-processing function of the NX.
Examples
In order to make the purpose and technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite and to highlight the superiority of the invention compared with the prior art, the invention is further described with reference to the attached drawings and specific cases aiming at a closed impeller component without columnar characteristics. (definition of a columnar feature is shown in FIG. 2. A cross-sectional plane and a feature body can only achieve one closed contour, the feature body is referred to as a "columnar" feature, and if there are two or more closed contours, it is referred to as a non-columnar "feature).
Step 1: the building block models and exports the STL format file. And acquiring a computer-aided design model of the member to be formed by using Unigraphics NX software, and exporting the model into an STL format file.
Step 2: slicing and layering to obtain contour coordinates. The component was divided into 100 layers from bottom to top according to slice equation z=1 and slice thickness h=1 mm. And carrying out surface intersection operation on each slice and the triangular surface patch in the STL model to obtain the contour coordinates of the component.
Step 3: and (5) collision interference detection. Taking a certain contour point P of the first layer from the first layer, taking the point as a sphere center, taking the length of a cutter as a radius, and drawing a Gaussian sphere (an upper hemisphere); and determining a projection area of a connecting line of the light source point and the obstacle point on the Gaussian sphere by taking the point as a light source point and the rest points of the component as obstacle points, wherein a non-projection area is a tool reachable area of the point. Repeating the steps until the tool reachable area of any point of the layer is obtained. To ensure the smoothness of the feeding track while ensuring the accessibility of the cutting tool at any point of the layer, a method for definingFor the smooth order of the tool, get/>And carrying out intersection calculation on the tool reachable areas of any two adjacent points of the layer, and determining the area where tool collision interference occurs if the intersection is empty.
Step 4: repeating the step3 from bottom to top, and making an alternating priority sequence of the material increasing and decreasing procedures. When the cutter is used for processing the 10 th layer, the cutter collides and interferes with the entity of the 27 th layer, so that the material reduction processing procedure of the 10 th layer is #) Additive processing procedure of 27 th layer (/ >)) Before proceeding; when the cutter performs machining on the 20 th layer, it collides with the body of the 40 th layer, so that the machining process (/ >) for reducing the material of the 20 th layer) Additive processing procedure of 40 th layer (/ >)) Before proceeding; when the tool is used for processing the 22 nd layer, the tool collides with and interferes with the entity of the 45 th layer, so that the material reduction processing procedure (/ >) of the 22 nd layer) Additive processing procedure (v) of 45 th layer) Before proceeding; when the tool is used for processing the 29 th layer, the tool collides with and interferes with the entity of the 51 st layer, so that the material reduction processing procedure (/ >) of the 29 th layer) Additive processing procedure of 51 th layer (/ >)) Previously.
Step5: and (5) building an optimization model. And building a mixed manufacturing process optimization mathematical model by taking the shortest material increasing and decreasing process alternation time as a target. Wherein the working procedures are gathered={/>,/>,…,/>,/>,/>,…,-A }; set of tools used in machining/>= { Arc welding gun, ball milling cutter }; the processing priority sequence of the increase and decrease materials determined by the step 4 is as follows: /(I)=1（/>At/>Previously processed)/>=1（/>At/>Before processing)/>=1（/>At/>Before processing)/>=1（/>At/>Processing before); the additive manufacturing is a part forming technology by utilizing computer-aided design of layer-by-layer stacking materials, and the upper layer component can be subjected to additive manufacturing only after the lower layer component is subjected to additive manufacturing, so that the processing priority determined by the manufacturing priority relation is as follows: /(I),/>,…,,/>=1、/>,/>,…,/>,/>=1、…、/>,/>=1、/>=1。
Step6: and solving the model based on a bottom-up procedure planning algorithm to obtain an optimal process planning sequence. Wherein:,/>,/>,/> Layer height numbers,/>, respectively representing tool contact points where collision interference occurs ,,/>,/>Layer height sequence numbers respectively representing collision interference points where collision interference occurs; get/>Alternating layers for initial process, then pair/>The components below the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),/>,…,) (/>,/>,…,/>) Due to/>Layer height sequence number (29) of greater than/>Layer height number (27) of the cutting tool contact point, layer height/>The layer height of the collision interference point where collision interference occurs is/>Then pairLayer/>Layer and/>The components between the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),,…,/>) (/>,/>,…,/>) ; Due to/>The layer height sequence number (51) of (2) is larger than the layer height sequence number of any tool contact point, then the pair/>Layer/>The components above the layers being manufactured additively and then subtractively, i.e. (/ >),/>,…,/>)(/>,/>,…,/>). At this time, the algorithm converges, and the minimum material increasing and decreasing process alternation sequence of the closed impeller is as follows: firstly, carrying out additive processing on 1-26 layers of entities; then carrying out material reduction processing on the entity of 1-26 layers; performing additive processing on the entities of 27-50 layers; then carrying out material reduction processing on the entities of 27-50 layers; performing additive processing on the entities of 51-100 layers; and then performing material reduction processing on the 51-100 layers of entity. The closed impeller material increasing and decreasing working procedures are alternated for 5 times, the time T=0.1 h is needed for each alternation, the air cooling time f=1 min is needed for each arc material increasing and decreasing manufacturing according to actual production experience, the total layer number n=100 of component division, so the shortest working procedure alternation time for the closed impeller material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing is as follows: 0.1×5+1/60×100=2.17 h.
As shown in fig. 4, the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system of the present invention performs corresponding functional module development by means of Python and QT, and includes: the device comprises a collision interference detection module, an optimal process planning module and a cutter track generation module.
The collision interference detection module in this example functions as: performing collision interference detection on each layer, and determining the alternating priority sequence of the material increasing and decreasing procedures according to the collision interference detection;
The functions of the optimal process planning module in this example are: determining an optimal process planning sequence by taking the shortest alternating time of the material increasing and decreasing working procedures as a target;
the functions of the tool path generation module in this example are: and generating corresponding material increasing and decreasing procedure processing tracks according to the optimal process planning sequence, and performing post-processing to generate G codes.
As shown in fig. 5, the specific steps of performing closed impeller forming by adopting the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system of the invention include:
(1) And acquiring a computer-aided design model of the closed impeller member in Unigraphics NX software, and importing a file in an STL format into an arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process optimization system.
(2) And determining the alternating priority order of the material increasing and decreasing procedures. Inputting a slice equation Z=1 and a slice thickness H=1mm in the collision interference detection module, and obtaining the alternating priority order of the increase and decrease materials is as follows:=1（/> At/> Previously processed)/>=1（/>At/>Before processing)/>=1（/>At/>Previously processed),=1（/>At/>Previously processed).
(3) And (5) an optimal process planning sequence is prepared. The optimal process planning sequence obtained in the optimal process planning module based on the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process optimization method is as follows: (,/>,…,/>)、(/>,/>,…,)、(/>,/>,…,/>) 、(/>,/>,…,/>)、(/>,,…,/>)、(/>,/>,…,/>) ; The shortest material increasing and decreasing process alternation time is as follows: 2.17h.
(4) And generating a machining track of the material increasing and decreasing process. And generating corresponding material increasing and decreasing working procedure processing tracks aiming at the optimal process planning sequence in the cutter track generating module, and performing post-processing to generate G codes.
(5) Outputting the numerical control machining program of the increase and decrease materials and carrying out compound forming manufacturing of the increase and decrease materials by utilizing a five-axis machining center.
Finally, the composite manufacturing process planning system for the increased and decreased materials provided by the invention realizes the composite forming of the increased and decreased materials of the non-columnar characteristic member, and the obtained closed impeller member is shown in figure 3.
Claims (6)
1. The arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: acquiring a computer-aided design model of a member to be formed;
step 2: slicing and layering, and obtaining contour parameters of the component through geometric intersection operation according to slice data;
Step 3: collision interference detection, namely calculating the region which can be reached by the cutter of each contour point on the component, and determining a collision interference region by calculating;
Step 4: repeating the step 3 from bottom to top, and determining the alternating sequence of the additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing processes of the component and the collision interference area;
Step 5: constructing a mathematical model of the composite manufacturing process of the increasing and decreasing material by taking the minimum value of the total time of alternating increasing and decreasing material working procedures in the composite manufacturing of the increasing and decreasing material as a target;
step 6: solving the model to obtain a process planning sequence;
the specific steps of the step 5 are as follows:
step 5.1: defining variables in an objective function and a constraint condition;
Step 5.2: determining an objective function by taking the minimum value of the total time of alternating material increasing and decreasing procedures in material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing as a target;
step 5.3: defining constraint conditions in the objective function;
Wherein, the objective function is:
Wherein F is the total alternating time of the material increasing and decreasing steps in the material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing, and min.F is the minimum value of the total alternating time of the material increasing and decreasing steps in the material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing;
The variables in step 5.1 are specifically defined as follows:
N is a set of machining processes, i, j represents a work order number and i, j e n= {1, 2.,. N }, N is a total number of layers divided by the component, Q is a set of tools used in machining, Q represents a tool, Q e Q, T represents a time required for alternating the material increasing and decreasing processes once, and f represents a time required for performing air cooling once in arc additive manufacturing;
xij indicates whether or not the process j is processed immediately after the process i is processed; xij=1 means that step j is performed immediately after step i is performed; x ij =0 means that step j does not need to be processed immediately after step i is processed;
Indicating whether the process i is performed with the tool q; /(I) The step i is performed by a tool q; the step i is performed without using the tool q;
Indicating whether the process j is performed with the tool q; /(I) The step j of machining with a tool q; the step j is performed without using the tool q;
A i denotes whether the process i is an additive manufacturing process; a i =1 means that the process i is an additive manufacturing process; a i =0 means that the step i is a subtractive manufacturing step;
A j denotes whether the process j is an additive manufacturing process; a j =1 means that the process j is an additive manufacturing process; a j =0 means that the step j is a subtractive manufacturing step;
Y ij represents whether or not the step i is processed before the step j; y ij =1 means that step i is processed before step j; y ij =0 means that step i is processed after step j;
the constraint conditions of each parameter in the objective function are as follows:
Indicating that the next working procedure is not needed after the last working procedure is finished, wherein N= { AM 1,AM2,…,AMn,SM1,SM2,…,SMn }, AM n indicating that the N-th layer is subjected to additive processing; SM n represents that the nth layer is subjected to material reduction processing;
indicating that the previous working procedure is not needed before the first working procedure is processed;
Indicating that the i-th process is available and can only be performed before another process;
indicating that the jth process is available and can only be processed after another process; the processing sequence between two adjacent working procedures is unique;
Indicating that the processing sequence of step i and step j should conform to the manufacturing relationship;
indicating that one procedure can only be performed with one tool;
the variables are limited to 0-1 integer variables.
2. The arc increasing/decreasing composite manufacturing process planning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2: and carrying out plane layering according to a slicing equation and slicing thickness, and carrying out surface-to-surface intersection operation on each layer of slicing and triangular patches in the component model to obtain the contour point coordinates of the component.
3. The arc increasing/decreasing composite manufacturing process planning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3: collision interference detection, namely, from the first layer, taking a certain contour point of the first layer, taking the point as a sphere center, taking the length of a cutter as a radius, and drawing a Gaussian sphere; the point is taken as a light source point, the rest points of the component are taken as barrier points, a projection area of a connecting line of the light source point and the barrier points on a Gaussian sphere is determined, and a non-projection area is an area where a cutter of the point can reach; repeating the steps until the cutter at any point of the layer can reach the area; while ensuring that the cutting tool at any point of the layer can reach, defining beta as the smooth order of the tool to ensure the smoothness of the feed track, taking beta=k to represent that the region where the cutting tool at any adjacent k points of the layer can reach is calculated, and if the intersection is empty, determining the region where the collision interference of the cutting tool occurs.
4. The arc increasing/decreasing composite manufacturing process planning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4: repeating the step 3 from bottom to top, determining a region where tool collision interference occurs, defining a first layer and a h layer, wherein h is more than l, and the material reduction processing procedure of the first layer is performed before the material increase processing procedure of the h layer; repeating the steps until the alternating sequence of the additive manufacturing and the subtractive manufacturing processes of the collision interference area of the whole component is determined; wherein, l and h are layer sequence numbers after the component slices are layered.
5. The arc increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing process planning method according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of step 6 are as follows:
Step 6.1: determining a cutter contact point with collision interference and a layer where the collision interference point is located:
a, b, c e u= {1,2,., n }; wherein U is a set of layers where the cutter contact points are located, a, b and c represent layer height sequence numbers of the cutter contact points, a is smaller than b and smaller than c, and n is the total number of layers divided by the components;
d, e, g e v= {1,2,., n }; wherein V is a set of layers where collision interference points of collision interference occur, d, e and g represent layer height sequence numbers of the collision interference points, d is less than e and less than g, and n is the total number of layers of the component;
step 6.2: determining the alternating sequence of the material increasing and decreasing procedures:
taking V d as an initial process alternating layer, performing additive manufacturing and then subtractive manufacturing on components below the V d layer, namely (AM 1,AM2,…,AMd-1)(SM1,SM2,…,SMd-1);
judging whether a layer height U b exists in the set U so that U b>Vd exists;
if the U b>Vd does not exist, performing additive manufacturing on the components with the V d layer and the components with more than the V d layer, and then performing subtractive manufacturing, namely (AM d,AMd+1,…,AMn)(SMd,SMd+1,…,SMn);
If U b>Vd exists, determining a layer V e where a collision interference point where the collision interference occurs with the layer U b where the cutter contact point is located, and performing additive manufacturing and then subtractive manufacturing on the components between the V d layer and the V d layer and the V e layer, namely (AM d,AMd+1,…,AMe-1)(SMd,SMd+1,…,SMe-1);
Step 6.3, determining an alternating sequence of material increasing and decreasing procedures:
And (6.2) repeating the step from bottom to top, and when the layer height U c does not exist in the layer set U where the cutter contact point with collision interference exists, so that U c is larger than the current processing layer, converging the algorithm to obtain an alternating sequence of increasing and decreasing material working procedures.
6. An arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning system is characterized in that the arc increase and decrease material composite manufacturing process planning method in claim 1 is realized by adopting the system;
the system adopts Python to carry out secondary development based on Unigraphics NX software, and the system comprises:
the collision interference detection module inputs STL format files to be formed and outputs an alternating sequence of increasing and decreasing materials;
The process planning module is used for determining a process planning sequence by taking the minimum value of the total time of alternating material increasing and decreasing procedures in material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing as a target;
A tool path generation module; and generating corresponding material increasing and decreasing working procedure processing tracks according to the process planning sequence, and performing post-processing to generate G codes.
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