CN1084751C - 钯催化的吲哚化反应 - Google Patents
钯催化的吲哚化反应 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1084751C CN1084751C CN97197284A CN97197284A CN1084751C CN 1084751 C CN1084751 C CN 1084751C CN 97197284 A CN97197284 A CN 97197284A CN 97197284 A CN97197284 A CN 97197284A CN 1084751 C CN1084751 C CN 1084751C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- indol
- triazole
- propyl group
- methyl
- ethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 63
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000006919 indolization reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical group CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005951 trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylpyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RFLFDJSIZCCYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RFLFDJSIZCCYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 acyl silane derivative Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 56
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 abstract description 5
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006783 Fischer indole synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- AMLYFGRCJXYRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-aminophenyl) trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AMLYFGRCJXYRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 122
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 87
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 20
- PVOAHINGSUIXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCNCC1 PVOAHINGSUIXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- CXWGKAYMVASWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dithiane Chemical compound C1CCSSC1 CXWGKAYMVASWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LOZWAPSEEHRYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiane Natural products C1CSCCS1 LOZWAPSEEHRYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Hg]=O UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004656 alkyl sulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sumatriptan Chemical compound CNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCN(C)C)C2=C1 KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003708 sumatriptan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004750 (C1-C6) alkylaminosulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DBAMUTGXJAWDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butynol Chemical class CCC#CO DBAMUTGXJAWDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBCJIPOGFJYBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC#N PBCJIPOGFJYBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJCMMOODWZOXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo hypobromite Chemical compound BrOBr HJCMMOODWZOXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(CC)CC DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940101209 mercuric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- MBBOMCVGYCRMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tryptophol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCO)=CNC2=C1 MBBOMCVGYCRMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004845 (C1-C6) alkylsulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001211 (E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPEKEBQEAYLUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxy-n,n-dimethylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(N(C)C)C(OC)OC OPEKEBQEAYLUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEZGRWSAUJTDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)C(=O)N1CCCCC1 QEZGRWSAUJTDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXWBRTKSGCYLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1h-indol-3-yl]ethanol Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCO)=CNC2=CC=C1CN1C=NC=N1 WXWBRTKSGCYLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRRQKBDLQBZATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl)-1h-indol-3-yl]ethanol Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCO)=CNC2=CC=C1CN1C=NN=C1 JRRQKBDLQBZATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBPDKIDWEADHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1I UBPDKIDWEADHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VXEWHMQYWRWFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1h-indole Chemical class C1CN(C)CCC1C1=CNC2=CC=C(N3C=NN=C3)C=C12 VXEWHMQYWRWFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYHMUTRJJUPFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[5-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-1-methyl-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrrol-2-yl]methyl]-5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1C2CN(CCC=3C=C(F)C=CC=3)CC2N(C)C1CC(C1=C2)=CNC1=CC=C2N1C=NN=C1 MYHMUTRJJUPFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZSIKUVPDWILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1h-indol-3-yl]-n,n-dimethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCC1=NN=CN1C1=CC=C(NC=C2CCCCN(C)C)C2=C1 DQZSIKUVPDWILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- OVEHNNQXLPJPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;n-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound [Li].CC(C)NC(C)C OVEHNNQXLPJPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HOXMBPLNVLFTJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-[5-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl)-1h-indol-3-yl]methanamine Chemical compound C1=C2C(CN(C)C)=CNC2=CC=C1CN1C=NN=C1 HOXMBPLNVLFTJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;phosphane Chemical compound P.[Pd] ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-1-amine Chemical compound NN1CCCCC1 LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001844 prenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002306 tributylsilyl group Chemical group C(CCC)[Si](CCCC)(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/12—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
我们已经发现,通过2-卤或2-三氟甲磺酰氧基苯胺(I)与酰基硅烷衍生物(II)的钯催化偶联/闭环反应,随后使甲硅烷基保护基脱保护可以高收率地、价格可行地合成结构式(IV)的2-位无取代的吲哚化合物。本发明的方法特别可用于形成含有诸如三唑、乙酰基、缩酮、氰基和氨基甲酸酯等对酸不稳定的取代基的吲哚,或在苄基位置上含有容易离去的基团的吲哚。本方法的优点在于不需要使用三苯膦或氯化四丁铵或氯化锂。当本发明的方法用于合成5-三唑基取代的吲哚时也可消除费歇尔吲哚合成中的三唑基聚合的倾向。更进一步,本发明还涉及结构式(V)和(VI)的新型中间体。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及从卤代苯胺和酰基硅烷(后者起着醛合成作用)的钯催化反应制备2-甲硅烷基保护的吲哚类化合物的方法。按照本发明,这类2-甲硅烷基衍生物可以转变为相应的2-位上无取代的吲哚衍生物。本发明的方法特别可用于制备5-杂环取代的色胺,例如5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)色胺。这类化合物作为抗偏头痛剂具有治疗活性。
通常,吲哚类化合物是通过费歇尔吲哚反应制备的。例如,陈等人在J.Org.Chem,(有机化学杂志)59,3783(1994)中公开了用4% H2SO4从4-取代肼类化合物和二甲基氨基丁醛二甲基缩醛制备N,N-二甲基色胺的方法。但是,产率往往很低,特别是对于含有三唑取代的化合物。苄基三唑类化合物在费歇尔吲哚反应条件下是不稳定的,这通常导致三唑部分的聚合反应,生成低聚物。
Larock等人在J.Am.Chem.Soc.(美国化学会志),113,6689(1991)中报导,使用钯催化剂使吲哚苯胺化合物与内乙炔发生偶联可以以较好的至很好的产率制得2,3-二取代吲哚化合物。史密斯等人在公开的EPO 548831 Al中就吲哚-3-基烷基哌嗪的4-嘧啶基和吡啶基衍生物而言也说明了这点。有关这个方法的2件其它申请也说明了杂稠合吡咯和色氨酸化合物的合成方法。请参看Wensbo等人:Tetrahedron Lett.,34,2823(1993);Wensbo等人:TetrahedronLett.,34,6471(1993)。但是,所有这些方法都需要三苯膦作为催化剂体系的一部分,该化合物对环境是有害的。现已开发了另一种方法,使用某些原料来克服费歇尔吲哚反应的低产率问题和避免使用对环境有害的三苯膦。该方法详述于PCT公开WO 95/32197中,涉及3-吲哚-4-氨基苄基三唑与适当保护的丁炔醇衍生物的钯催化偶联/闭环反应生成相应的色醇,接着羟乙基部分转化成二甲基氨基乙基,如下所示:
所述方法在起始物料的干燥惰性有机溶剂中、在约70~120℃范围的温度下、在钯催化剂存在下、以及在无机或有机胺类化合物存在下进行,
式中:
X21和X22独立地是环氮原子或环碳原子;
halo代表Br或I;
n是0-1的整数;
p是0-4的整数;
R23是H或直链或支化的C1-C4烷基;
R21是H或起羟基保护基作用的基团,该基团在温和的酸水解条件下可以除去,例如在30℃时与HCl/MeOH,如1∶1的2N HCl/MeOH接触;
R22是起端基乙炔碳保护基作用的基团。
但是,尽管这种替代方法从化学原理上讲是有效的,然而原材料,即丁炔醇和三乙基甲硅烷基氯,是相当昂贵的。本发明提供一种价格上切实可行的吲哚化方法。
Iida等人在J.Org.Chem.45,2938-2942(1980)中叙述了在三苯膦存在下用钯作催化剂使3-((2-溴芳基)氨基)环己-2-烯-1-酮化合物发生分子间的环化反应,以及芳胺与β-二酮反应生成相应的仲烯胺酮,接着进行N-乙基化形成相应的叔烯胺酮,以及随后在等摩尔量乙酸钯存在下进行分子间的环化。
Sakamota等人在Synthesis(合成),p.215-218(1990)中叙述了β-(2-卤苯基)氨基取代的α,β-不饱和酮和酯的钯催化环化生成2,3-二取代吲哚化合物的反应。Sakamota等人的方法同样也要使用膦。
本发明的方法特可应用于合成5HT1D受体激动剂。这类激动剂的作用与大脑中起血管收缩剂作用的神经传递质血清素的作用极为相似。5HT1D受体激动剂在偏头痛治疗方面显示出有益的性能。在过去几年中广泛致力于开发N,N-二烷基色胺作为5HT1D受体激动剂,以达到所希望的治疗偏头痛的活性和选择性。舒马坦(Sumatriptan)是这类药物中第一种被批准用于这一目的药物。美国专利5,298,520中公开的MK-0462(Merck公司开发)也是一种有效的5HT1D受体激动剂,正在进行临床研究。
因此,本发明也提供一种合成用于治疗偏头痛的5-杂环取代的色胺的有效和价格可行的方法。
发明概述
我们已经发现,通过2-卤或2-三氟甲磺酰氧基(OTf)-苯胺与酰基硅烷衍生物的钯催化偶联/闭环反应,随后使甲硅烷基保护基脱保护可以高收率地、价格可行地合成2-位无取代的吲哚化合物。本发明的方法特别可用于形成含有诸如三唑、乙酰基、缩酮、氰基和氨基甲酸酯等对酸不稳定的取代基的吲哚,或在苄基位置上含有容易离去的基团的吲哚。本方法的优点在于不需要使用三苯膦或氯化四丁铵或氯化锂。当本发明的方法用于合成5-三唑基取代的吲哚时也可消除费歇尔吲哚合成中的三唑基聚合的倾向。
其中
Y选自Br、I和三氟甲磺酰氧基;
R1、R2、R3、R4和R8各是不会影响反应条件的取代基,
R5、R6和R7各代表C1-6烷基、OC1-6烷基,或苯基。更具体说,本发明涉及上述反应,其中:Y选自Br、I和三氟甲磺酰氧基(triflate);R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自:(1)氢;(3)C1-6烷基;(4)-(CH2)n-Z,式中Z代表:
(a)氢,
(b)卤素,
(c)氰基,
(d)硝基,
(e)三氟甲基,
(f)-OR10,
(g)-OCOR10,
(h)-OCONR10R11,
(i)-OCH2CN,
(j)-OCH2CONR10R11,
(k)-SR10,其条件是R10不是氢,
(l)-SOR10,
(m)-SO2R10,
(n)-SO2NR10R11,
(o)-NR10R11,
(p)-NR10COR11,
(q)-NR10CO2R11,
(r)-NR10SO2R11,
(s)-COR10,
(t)-CO2R10,
(u)-CONR10R11,
或者Z代表任选取代的选自下列的5元杂芳环:呋喃、噻吩、
吡咯、噁唑、噻唑、异噁唑、异噻唑、咪唑、吡唑、噁二唑、
噻二唑、三唑和四唑;
R5、R6和R7各自独立地选自:
(1)C1-6烷基,
(2)-O-C1-6烷基,和
(3)苯基;
R8选自:
(1)氢,
(2)-R19-OH,
(3)-R19-OR17,
(4)-R19NR12R13,
(5)-R19-Z1,式中Z1是3-7元杂环的环,其中环原子选自1-2个氮原子,且其中该杂环的环可以被1个或多个R14取代;
R9选自:
(1)氢,
(2)C1-4烷基;
R10和R11各自独立地选自:
(1)氢,
(2)C1-6烷基,
(3)三氟甲基,
(4)苯基,可任选地被1个或多个R20取代基取代,
(5)甲基苯基,可任选地被1个或多个R20取代基取代,
(6)芳基-C1-6烷基-或杂芳基-C1-6烷基-基团,可任选地
被1个或多个R20取代基取代,或者
R10和R11通过氮原子连接在一起形成任选取代的氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉或哌嗪环的残基,可任选地被1个或多个R18取代基取代;
R12和R13各自独立地选自:
(1)C1-4烷基,
(2)C6芳基-C1-4烷基-,其中芳基可以是无取代的,或被1
-3个选自甲基、卤素和卤甲基的取代基取代;
R14选自
(1)芳基-C1-6烷基-,无取代的,或被1-3个R20取代基取
代;
(2)杂芳基-C1-6烷基-,无取代的,或被1-3个R20取代基
取代;
R15和R16各自独立地选自:
(1)氢,
(2)C1-6烷基,
(3)C3-7环烷基;
(4)C3-7环烷基-C1-6烷基-,
(5)2,3-二氢化茚基,
(6)芳基,
(7)芳基-C1-6烷基-,
(8)C3-7杂环烷基,
(9)C3-7杂环烷基-C1-6烷基-,
(10)杂芳基,
(11)杂芳基-C1-6烷基-;
R17选自羟基保护基,在温和的酸解条件下可以除去;
R18选自:
(1)C1-6烷基-,
(2)芳基-C1-6烷基-,
(3)C1-6烷氧基-,
(4)C2-6烷氧羰基-,和
(5)C1-6烷氨羰基-;
R19是直链或支化的C1-6烷基链;
R20选自:
(1)氟,
(2)氰基,
(3)三氟甲基,
(4)C1-6烷基,
(5)卤代C1-6烷基-,
(6)芳基,
(7)三唑基,
(8)四唑基,
(9)四唑基-C1-6烷基-,
(10)羟基,
(11)C1-6烷氧基-,
(12)C1-6烷硫基-,
(13)C2-6烷氧羰基-,
(14)C2-6烷基羰基-,
(15)C1-6烷基磺酰基-,
(16)芳基磺酰基-,
(17)C2-6烷羰氨基-,
(18)芳羰氨基-,
(19)C2-6烷氧羰氨基-,
(20)N-C1-6烷基-N-C2-6烷氧基氨基-,
(21)羰氨基-,
(22)一或二芳氨羰氨基-,
(23)吡咯烷基羰氨基-,
(24)哌啶基羰氨基-,
(25)氨基羰基-,
(26)氨基羰氨基-,
(27)C1-6烷氨羰基-,
(28)C1-6烷氨羰氨基-,
(29)二C1-6烷氨羰基-,
(30)二C1-6烷氨羰氨基-,
(31)吡咯烷基羰氨基-,
(32)哌啶基羰氨基-,
(33)氨基磺酰基-,
(34)C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基-,
(35)C1-6烷基磺酰氨基-,
(36)C1-6烷基磺酰氨基甲基-,
(37)芳基磺酰氨基-,
(38)二C1-6烷基氨基磺酰基-,
(39)氨基磺酰甲基-,
(40)C1-6烷基氨基磺酰甲基-,
(41)二C1-6烷基氨基磺酰甲基-,
(42)-(CH2)mOR12,
(43)-(CH2)mSR15,其条件是R15不是氢,
(44)-(CH2)mSOR15,
(45)-(CH2)mSO2R15,
(46)-(CH2)mNR15R16,
X1和X2各自独立地选自环氮原子或环碳原子;
X3选自由氧、硫、-NH-或亚甲基组成的这一组;
Y1是氧或硫;
n是整数,各自独立地选自0和1;
m是整数,各自独立地选自0-4;
p是0-3的整数。
本方法较好是在对原料是惰性的无水有机溶剂中,在90-120℃范围的温度下、在钯催化剂存在下、以及在质子受体存在下进行,所述质子受体可以是无机或有机胺混合物。
当上述式I和式III化合物中的Z代表一个5元杂芳环时,该环可以任选地被1个,可能时2个取代基取代。正如将会明白的,当Z代表噁二唑、噻二唑或四唑环时,只可能有1个取代基;否则的话,该5元杂芳环Z的周围可能含有1个或2个优选的取代基。该5元杂芳环Z上合适的取代基的例子包括C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C2-6链炔基、C3-7环烷基、芳基、芳基C1-6烷基、C3-7杂环烷基、杂芳基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷硫基、氨基、C1-6烷氨基、二C1-6烷氨基、卤素、氰基,以及三氟甲基。
此外,本发明还涉及使结构式III的化合物脱保护以便得到结构式IV的2-位上无取代的吲哚:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8的定义同上。更进一步,本发明也涉及结构式(V)和(VI)的新型中间体。
发明详细说明
只有当取代基和/或变量的组合能导致稳定的化合物时这种组合才是许可的。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,R1、R3和R4各是氢,而R2、R5、R6、R7、R8和Y则如上所定义。Si(R5)(R6)(R7)基团的典型例子包括三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三丁基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二甲基叔丁基甲硅烷基、二甲基苯基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基等,以及-Si(OC1-6烷基)3-n(C1-6烷基)n的任何一种混合物,其中n是0、1或2。
R17起着羟基保护基的作用,其结构可为Si(R5)(R6)(R7),如上所述。
术语“friflate”或“OTf”是指三氟甲磺酰氧基。
在本发明中当化合物上有胺取代基时,为了优化反应条件和得到更高的收率,正如本技术中所知晓的,必须将该胺保护起来,并在偶联反应之后除去该保护基。
在本发明中当化合物上有羰基取代基时,为了优化反应条件和得到更高的收率,正如本技术中所知晓的,必须将该羰基保护起来,并在偶联反应之后除去该保护基。
在本发明中当化合物上有链烯基或链炔基取代基时,为了优化反应条件并得到更高的收率,可通过转化成氧化物而将该链烯基或链炔基保护起来,然后进行还原。此外,可以采用其它的消除对策。
如这里所使用的“烷基”,特别是“C1-6烷基”这一术语,包括甲基和乙基基团,以及直链或支化的丙基、丁基、戊基和己基基团。具体的烷基基团是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基和叔丁基。演变出来的术语如C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷硫基和C1-6烷氨基也相应地也是这样构成的。
这里所使用的术语“C2-6链烯基”是指含有2-6个碳原子的直链或支化的链烯基基团。典型的例子包括乙烯基、烯丙基、二甲基烯丙基和丁烯基等基团。
这里所使用的术语“C2-6链炔基”是指含有2-6个碳原子的直链或支化的链炔基基团。典型的例子包括乙炔基和炔丙基基团。
典型的C3-7环烷基基因包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
典型的芳基基团包括苯基和萘基。更具体地说,芳基是苯基。
具体的2,3-二氢化茚基基团包括2,3-二氢化茚-1-基和2,3-二氢化茚-2-基。
具体的芳基C1-6烷基基团包括苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基和萘甲基。
合适的杂环烷基基团包括氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基和吗啉基。
合适的杂芳基基团包括吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡喃基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、吡咯基、吲哚基、吡唑基、吲唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基,以及四唑基等基团。
这里使用的术语“杂芳基C1-6烷基”包括呋喃甲基、呋喃乙基、噻吩甲基、噻吩乙基、噁唑甲基、噁唑乙基、噻唑甲基、噻唑乙基、咪唑甲基、咪唑乙基、噁二唑甲基、噁二唑乙基、噻二唑甲基、噻二唑乙基、三唑甲基、三唑乙基、四唑甲基、四唑乙基、吡啶甲基、吡啶乙基、Pyridinyl甲基、吡嗪甲基、喹啉甲基和异喹啉甲基。
这里使用的术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘,特别是氟,除非另有规定。
本发明的方法最好在对原材料而言是惰性的无水有机溶剂中、在钯催化剂存在下,以及在非“催化剂毒剂”的无机或有机碱存在下进行。优选地,本发明的方法在高温下进行。
在本发明的方法中,结构式I与结构式II通过钯催化反应发生偶联作用形成结构式III,所述钯催化反应在含有可溶性钯催化剂的无水惰性有机溶剂中、在非“催化剂毒剂”的芳族胺、烷基胺或无机碱之类的质子受体存在下、在约90-120℃的温度下进行。
可用于本发明方法的有机溶剂必须是一种能使结构式I、结构式II和钯催化剂溶解并相容的溶剂,而且在反应条件下在化学上是惰性的溶剂。优选的溶剂是DMSO(二甲基亚砜)和酰胺类溶剂如DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺),DMAC(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)和NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)。最优选的是DMF。
以结构式(I)的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,结构式(II)的酰基硅烷的用量通常是过量的。以结构式I的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,有效的范围是约1.0~3倍。以结构式I的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,酰基硅烷较好是以2倍的过量使用。
可用于本发明方法中的质子受体可以是一种有机或无机的碱性化合物,起着质子受体的作用,且不能是一种“催化剂毒剂”。所谓“催化剂毒剂”是指与催化剂相互作用,抑制催化活性,并妨碍结构式I和II之间发生偶联/闭环反应。合适的质子受体种类包括烷基胺、芳族胺、杂环胺和磷酸盐等。
在本发明的方法中,烷基胺是优选的质子受体。可以使用的具体的烷基胺包括:DABCO(1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷)、奎宁环、叔丁胺、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和二叔丁胺。DABCO是特别优选的,因为它能减少反应中杂质的形成,这是由于在本发明方法的反应条件下它能耐氧化,不会氧化成亚胺的缘故。
以结构式(I)的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,质子受体的用量通常要过量。以结构式(I)的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,有效的范围是约2-4倍过量。以结构式(I)的2-卤或2-(OTf)-苯胺为基准,质子受体较好是以3倍的过量使用。
可用于本发明的钯催化剂选自下列几类:链烷酸钯、丙酮酸钯、卤化钯、卤化钯配合物、钯-亚苄基丙酮配合物、以及三芳基膦钯配合物。有代表性的例子包括,但不限于:乙酸钯(II)、乙酰丙酮酸钯(II)、双(二亚苄基丙酮)合钯(O)(“dba”)、溴化钯(II)、氯化钯(II)、碘化钯(II)、硫酸钯(II)、三氟乙酸钯(II)、Pd(II)Cl2(CH3CN)2、Pd2(dba)3,和Pd(II)Cl2(PhCN)2。有用的催化剂是乙酸钯。
以结构式I的卤代苯胺为基准,钯催化剂的用量为约0.5~5%摩尔。以结构式I的卤代苯胺为基准,有效的范围是约2~3%摩尔可溶性钯催化剂。
按照本发明在结构式I与结构式II发生偶联生成结构式III的过程中使用脱水剂,如硫酸镁也是有利的。脱水剂尽管对本发明方法来说不是必需,但是它可以通过除去缩合的水而有助于烯胺的形成。
该反应在90~120℃范围的温度进行。实用的温度是约100~105℃。该反应通常在干燥惰性气围中在常压下进行。在氮气氛围中进行该反应是有效的。
可通过本技术中公知的方法,包括薄层硅胶色谱(TLC)、高压液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱(GC)以及核磁共振光谱(NMR)等方法来监测反应的进程。优选使用HPLC或TLC,最优选是HPLC法,反应一般在8至72小时内完成,反应完成后将反应混合物冷却至室温,然后用传统方法将产物分离,例如用有机溶剂如乙酸异丙酯萃取,用水和/或其它含水溶液洗涤。再用本技术中公知的方法,包括制备薄层硅胶色谱、硅胶色谱、HPLC、结晶和固相萃取等方法将产物精制。较好是用硅胶色谱法或结晶法来精制产物。
此外,本发明还进一步涉及使结构式III的化合物脱保护,以便得到结构式IV的2-位上无取代的吲哚:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8的定义如前所述。
Si(R5)(R6)(R7)基团可用路易斯酸如AlCl3,或含水的HCl、HF、HBr和HF通过路易斯酸催化的脱保护反应除去。例如,用亲核酸处理就可以除去甲硅烷基,如使之与约体积比为1∶1的2N HCl/MeOH溶剂混合物在0-30℃接触1-24小时就可完全除去甲硅烷基保护基。另一种方法是,用氟化物脱保护除去甲硅烷基。这一步骤在这里称为“脱保护”。除去Si(R5)(R6)(R7)基团后就得到2-位上无取代的吲哚。
可以按照本发明的方法制备的结构式(IV)所示的具体2-位上无取代的吲哚化合物包括:
(1)1-苄基-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪-2-酮;
(2)1-(2-苯基乙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪-2-酮;
(3)1-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪-2-酮;
(4)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(N-甲基)-氨基磺酰甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(5)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(氨基磺酰甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(6)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(7)(3S)-3-〔N-(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄基〕氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(8)(3S)-3-〔N-(S)-α-甲基苄基〕氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(9)4-〔N-(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄基〕氨基-(S)-1-〔3-(5-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(10)(3S)-3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(3-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(11)(3R)-3-〔N-(S)-α-甲基苄基-N-甲基〕氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(12)(3R)-3-〔N-(S)-α-甲基苄基-N-甲基〕氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(3-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(13)(3S)-3-〔N-(4-氟苄基)-N-甲基〕氨基甲基-(S)-1-〔2-(5-(3-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-4-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(14)4-苄基-2-〔2-氟甲基-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(15)4-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕-1-〔2-氟-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(16)4-苄基-1-〔2-氟-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(17)4-(N-苄基-N-甲基氨基)-1-〔2-氟-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(18)4-〔(R)-2-羟基-1-(4-氟苯基)乙氨基〕-1-〔2-氟-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(19)7-苄基-2-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-顺-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(20)7-(3-呋喃甲基-2-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-顺-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(21)7-(2-苯基乙基-2-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-顺-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(22)7-(4-氟苄基-2-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-顺-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(23)7-(2,4-二氟苄基-2-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-顺-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.30]辛烷;
(24)4-(2,2-二氟-1-氧代-2-苯基乙基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(25)4-苄基-3-甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(26)4-苄基-3-甲氧甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(27)1-(2-羟基-1-苯基乙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(28)1-〔2-(2-氟苯基)乙基〕-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(29)1-苄基-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(30)1-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(31)1-(2-苯基乙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(32)1-环己甲基-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(33)1-(3-苯基丙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(34)1-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(35)1-〔2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)乙基〕-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(36)1-〔2-(3,4-二氟苯基)乙基〕-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(37)N-甲基-2-苯基-2-〔4-(3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基)哌啶-1-基〕乙酰胺;
(38)1-(2-氧代-2-苯基乙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(39)1-(2-苯基丙基)-4-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(40)4-苄基-4-氟-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(41)4-氟-4-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(42)4-氟-4-(3-氟苄基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(43)4-氟-4-(2-氟苄基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(44)4-苄基-4-甲氧基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(45)4-苄基-4-甲氧基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(46)4-(2-氟苄基)-4-甲氧基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(47)4-(3-氟苄基)-4-甲氧基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(48)4-(4-氟苄基)-4-甲氧基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(49)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(噁唑-2-酮-3-基)-1-苯基乙基〕哌嗪;
(50)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(噁唑烷-2-酮-3-基)-1-苯基乙基〕哌嗪;
(51)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(噁唑烷-2-酮-3-基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(52)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(3-羟基-1-苯基丙基)哌嗪;
(53)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(咪唑-1-基)-1-苯基乙基〕哌嗪;
(54)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-2-羟基乙基〕哌嗪;
(55)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲氧基乙基〕哌嗪;
(56)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔3-(5-甲基-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)-1-苯基丙基〕哌嗪;
(57)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-苄氧基-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(58)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-3-甲氧基丙基〕哌嗪;
(59)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(咪唑-1-基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(60)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-苯基-2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(61)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙基〕哌嗪;
(62)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔3-(咪唑-1-基)-1-苯基丙基〕哌嗪;
(63)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(3-羟基-2-苯基丙基)哌嗪;
(64)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(3-甲氧基-2-苯基丙基)哌嗪;
(65)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙基〕哌嗪;
(66)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)丙-2-基〕哌嗪;
(67)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氟苯基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(68)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙-2-基〕哌嗪;
(69)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-氟苯基)-3-甲氧基丙-2-基〕哌嗪;
(70)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(71)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(2-氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(72)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(73)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3-甲氧基苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(74)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3-三氟甲基苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(75)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3,3-二氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(76)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(77)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(78)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3-(噁唑烷-2-酮-3-基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(79)N-甲基-3-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕吡咯烷;
(80)N-甲基-4-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕哌啶;
(81)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(82)4-(1-苯基乙基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(83)4-(α-异丙氧基)苯甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(84)4-(α-甲氧基)苯甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(85)4-〔α-(2-甲氧基乙基)氧〕苯甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(86)4-苄基-1-〔3-(2,3-二氢-5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(87)1-〔3-(2,3-二氢-5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(吡啶-3-基甲基)哌嗪;
(88)1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氟苯基)-4-甲基哌嗪-1-基〕哌啶;
(89)1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕-3(R)-(3(R)-苯基吗啉-4-基甲基)吡咯烷;
(90)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(3-氧代-2-苯基哌嗪-1-基)甲基哌啶;
(91)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(3-甲基-2-苯基哌嗪-1-基)哌啶;
(92)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(苯并咪唑-2-酮-1-基)哌啶;
(93)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔6-(4-氟苯基)-4-甲基-3-氧代哌嗪-1-基〕哌啶;
(94)〔3-(3-(4-(2-(3,4-二氟苯基)乙基)哌嗪-1-基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基甲基〕噁唑烷-2-酮;
(95)(S)-4-〔3-(3-(4-(2-(3,4-二氟苯基)乙基)哌嗪-1-基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基甲基〕-3-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮;
(96)1-〔3-(5-(N-甲基氨基磺酰甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(97)3-苄基-7-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-顺-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(98)3-(吡啶-3-基)甲基-7-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-顺-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(99)3-〔2-(4-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕-7-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-顺-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(100)3-苯甲酰基-7-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-顺-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(101)(1RS,3RS,5RS)-7-苄基-3-〔5-(咪唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基甲基〕-2-甲基-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(102)(1RS,3RS,5RS)-7-〔2-(3-氟苯基)乙基〕-2-甲基-3-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基甲基)-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(103)(1RS,3RS,5RS)-7-(4-氟苄基)-2-甲基-3-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基甲基)-2,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷;
(104)4-〔1-(苯基)-N,N-二甲基碳酰氨基甲基〕-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(105)4-(2-甲氧基羰氨基-苯基乙基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(106)4-(2-二甲氨基-1-苯基乙基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(107)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(4-氟苯基)甲基哌嗪;
(108)4-〔2-(N-甲基-N-甲氧羰基)氨基-1-苯基乙基〕-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(109)1-苄基-4-〔(R,S)-2-羟甲基-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(110)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基哌嗪;
(111)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(2-苯基乙基)哌嗪;
(112)4-苄基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(113)4-〔2-(2-甲基四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(114)4-〔2-(1-甲基四唑-5-基)苯基〕甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(115)4-〔2-(N-甲基碳酰氨基)苯基〕甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(116)4-〔2-(N,N-二甲氨基乙基)苯基〕甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(117)4-(丁-3-烯基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(118)4-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(119)4-(丙-2-烯基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(120)4-(丙-2-炔基)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(121)4-〔(R,S)-1-(苯基)碳酰氨基甲基〕-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(122)4-〔1-(苯基)-N-甲基碳酰氨基甲基〕-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(123)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(124)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(3-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(125)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔4-(氨基磺酰)苯基〕甲基哌嗪;
(126)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(呋喃-3-基)甲基哌嗪;
(127)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(呋喃-2-基)甲基哌嗪;
(128)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(噻吩-2-基)甲基哌嗪;
(129)1-苄基-4-〔(R,S)-2-羟基-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(130)1-〔2-(4-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕-4-〔(R,S)-2-羟基-3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌嗪;
(131)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氨基羰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(132)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(4-氰基苯基)甲基哌嗪;
(133)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氰基苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(134)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(135)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(136)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-苄基哌嗪;
(137)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-苄基哌嗪;
(138)4-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(139)4-苄基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶;
(140)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(2-氨基吡啶-5-基)甲基哌嗪;
(141)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(4-氨基苯基)甲基哌嗪;
(142)1-〔4-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丁基〕-4-苄基哌嗪;
(143)1-〔4-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丁基〕-4-(吡啶-2-基)甲基哌嗪;
(144)1-〔4-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丁基〕-4-(吡啶-3-基)甲基哌嗪;
(145)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-氨基苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(146)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-(乙酰氨基)苯基)乙基〕哌嗪;
(147)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(咪唑-2-基)甲基哌嗪;
(148)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔3-(乙酰氨基)苯基〕甲基哌嗪;
(149)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔4-(乙酰氨基)苯基〕甲基哌嗪;
(150)1-〔4-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丁基〕-4-〔4-(乙酰氨基)苯基〕甲基哌嗪;
(151)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基哌嗪;
(152)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-苄基哌嗪;
(153)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(吡啶-3-基)甲基哌嗪;
(154)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(吡啶-2-基)甲基哌嗪;
(155)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(吡啶-4-基)甲基哌嗪;
(156)(3R)-3-苄氧甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(157)(3S)-3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(158)(2S)-2-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(159)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(160)4-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)甲基氨基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(161)1-〔3-(5-(咪唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(甲氧甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(162)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲氧基乙基氨基〕哌啶;
(163)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(4-氟苄基)-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(164)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(2-苯基哌啶-1-基)哌啶;
(165)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-1-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲氧基乙基氨基〕哌啶;
(166)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(2,3-二氢化茚-1-基氨甲基)哌啶;
(167)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄基-N-甲基氨基甲基〕哌啶;
(168)(3R)-3-(苄硫基)甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(169)(±)-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(1-苄氨基-2-羟基乙基)哌啶;
(170)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(171)1-〔3-(5-(咪唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(172)1-〔3-(5-(咪唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(173)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(174)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(甲氧甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(175)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(R)-α-(甲氧甲基)苄基-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(176)(3R)-3-苄氧基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(177)(3R)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)甲氧基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(178)(3R)-3-(吡啶-3-基)甲氧基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(179)(3R)-3-苄氧甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(180)(3S)-3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(181)(2S)-2-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(182)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(183)4-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)甲氨基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(184)4-苄氨基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(185)4-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(186)4-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(187)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔α-(甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(188)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔α-(羟甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(189)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(1-羟甲基-2-苯基)乙氨基〕哌啶;
(190)4-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(191)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(2-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯基)乙基氨基〕哌啶;
(192)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔2-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)乙基氨基〕哌啶;
(193)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔α-(甲基)苄氨基〕甲基哌啶;
(194)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔1-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)乙基氨基〕哌啶;
(195)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-〔α-(羟甲基)苄基〕-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(196)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(2-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)乙基)-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(197)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(4-乙酰氨基苄基)-N-甲基氨基〕甲基哌啶;
(198)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(噻吩-2-基)甲基-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(199)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄氨基〕甲基哌啶;
(200)3-(4-乙酰氨基苄基)氨甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(201)(3R)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(202)(3S)-3-(吡啶-4-基甲基)氨甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(203)3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕氮杂环丁烷;
(204)4-苄基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(205)3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕氮杂环丁烷;
(206)4-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(207)4-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(208)3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕氮杂环丁烷;
(209)(3S)-3-〔N-α-(甲基)苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(210)(3S)-3-〔N-(呋喃-3-基甲基)氨基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(211)(3S)-3-〔N-(呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(212)(3S)-3-〔N-α-(羟甲基)苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(213)(3S)-3-〔N-(2-羟基)乙基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(214)(3S)-3-〔N-(2-苯基乙基)氨基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(215)(3S)-3-〔N-(2-苯基乙基)-N-甲基氨基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(216)(3S)-3-(N-α-二甲基苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(217)(3S)-3-〔N-(S)-α-甲基苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(218)(3S)-3-〔N-(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(219)(3S)-3-(N-苄基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(220)(3S)-3-〔N-(S)-α-甲基苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(221)(3S)-3-〔N-(R)-α-(羟甲基)苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(222)(3S)-3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(咪唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(223)(3S)-3-(N-苄基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(224)(3R)-3-〔N-甲基-N-(S)-α-甲基苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(225)(3R)-3-〔N-甲基-N-(R)-α-羟甲基苄基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(226)(3R)-3-〔N-甲基-N-(S)-α-甲基环己基甲基〕氨基甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(227)(3R)-3-〔3-(R)-羟基-2-(R)-苯基哌啶-1-基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(228)(3R)-3-〔3-(R)-羟基-2-(R)-苯基哌啶-1-基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(229)4-羟基-4-(苯亚磺酰)甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(230)(3R)-3-〔2-(R,S)-苯基哌啶-1-基〕甲基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(231)4-(3,3-二甲基哌啶-1-基)甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(232)4-羟基-4-(1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-2-基)甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(233)4-羟基-4-(N-异丁基-N-甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(234)4-〔N-苄基-N-(2-羟基乙基)氨基〕甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(235)4-〔N-(2,2-二甲基丙基)-N-甲基氨基〕甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(236)4-〔N-(R)-α-羟甲基苄基-N-甲基氨基〕甲基-4-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(237)4-羟基-4-(2-哌啶甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(238)4-羟基-4-(2-甲基苯甲基)氨基甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(239)4-羟基-4-〔N-(2-甲基苯甲基)-N-甲基氨基〕甲基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕哌啶;
(240)3-(苄氨基)甲基-3-羟基-1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕吡咯烷;
(241)3-(苄氨基)甲基-3-羟基-1-〔2-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基〕吡咯烷;
(242)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-α-(氨基甲酰氧甲基)苄氨基〕哌啶;
(243)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(1R,2S)-2-羟基-1-苯基丙氨基〕哌啶;
(244)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(1R,2R)-2-羟基-1-苯基丙氨基〕哌啶;
(245)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R,S)-1-羟基-2-苯基丙-2-基氨基〕哌啶;
(246)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-2-羟基-1-(4-氟苯基)乙氨基〕哌啶;
(247)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(1R,2R)-2-羟基(2,3-二氢化茚-1-基)氨基〕哌啶;
(248)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R,S)-(2,3-二氢化茚-1-基)氨基〕哌啶;
(249)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R,S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙氨基〕哌啶;
(250)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔(R)-1-苯基丙-2-基氨基〕哌啶;
(251)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-噻吩-3-基甲基)-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(252)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-呋喃-3-基甲基)-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(253)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)氨基哌啶;
(254)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N,N-二(呋喃-3-基甲基)氨基〕哌啶;
(255)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-〔N-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-N-甲基氨基〕哌啶;
(256)1-〔3-(5-(1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙基〕-4-(N-烯丙基-N-甲基氨基)哌啶;
(257)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(258)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(259)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(260)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(261)N,N-二甲基-2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(262)N,N-二乙基-2-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(263)N,N-二乙基-2-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(264)N,N-二乙基-2-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(265)N,N-二乙基-2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(266)N,N-二乙基-2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙胺;
(267)N,N-二甲基-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲胺;
(268)N,N-二甲基-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲胺;
(269)N,N-二甲基-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲胺;
(270)N,N-二甲基-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲胺;
(271)N,N-二甲基-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲胺;
(272)N,N-二乙基-3-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙胺;
(273)N,N-二乙基-3-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙胺;
(274)N,N-二乙基-3-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙胺;
(275)N,N-二甲基-3-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙胺;
(276)N,N-二乙基-3-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙胺;
(277)N,N-二甲基-4-〔5-(3-甲基-1,2,4,5-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁胺;
(278)N,N-二甲基-4-〔5-(2-乙基-1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁胺;
(279)N,N-二甲基-4-〔5-(5-乙基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁胺;
(280)N,N-二甲基-4-〔5-(2-甲基-1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁胺;
(281)N,N-二甲基-4-〔5-(2-乙基-1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁胺;
(282)2-〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;
(283)2-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;
(284)2-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;
(285)2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;
(286)2-〔5-(1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;
(287)〔5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕甲醇;
(288)3-〔5-(1,3-咪唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丙醇;
(289)4-〔5-(5-甲基-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕丁醇;
(290)2-〔5-(2-甲基-1,3,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇;和
(291)2-〔5-(5-甲基-1,3,4-三唑-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基〕乙醇。
可按本发明方法制备的进一步的2-位上无取代的吲哚化合物包括: 和可按本发明方法制备的优选化合物包括: 更进一步,本发明也涉及结构式(V)和(Ⅵ)的新型中间体。其中Y、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8的定义如上所述。
往TMS二噻烷(1)在干燥的非质子传递溶剂如THF、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、二噁烷、二乙氧基甲烷中的溶液中逐滴加入等当量的碱,例如二异丙基氨基锂、NaH、格利雅试剂或烷基锂如正丁基锂。优选地,该烷基化反应在低温下进行,最优选地,在-78℃进行。滴加完毕后,最好让该混合物温热至-20℃,并在-20℃熟化半小时。熟化后,最好将反应混合物冷却至-78℃。再将Br-CH2-R8(2),最好溶解在少量体积的溶剂中,滴加到其中。将混合物温热,较好温热至室温,熟化,较好约12小时。让混合物在亲油溶剂如庚烷和水中分配。将庚烷层分离,经真空浓缩后得到一种淡黄色油状的二噻烷(3)。该物料可直接用于下一步骤中。
让二噻烷(3)、一氧化汞和氯化汞在乙腈-H2O(优选80∶20的比例)和诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲苯等非质子传递溶剂中的混合物在室温下熟化,较好约30分钟。或者,可以使用碘-碳酸钙混合物。将所形成的固体物过滤和洗涤,最好用诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲苯等非质子传递溶剂洗涤。将滤液和洗涤液合并,浓缩成油状物。该物质可以进行硅胶色谱精制得到一种淡黄色油状酰基硅烷(4)。
可用于制备本发明化合物用的原料的其它合成酰基硅烷的方法可参见下列文献:
(1)Ricci等人,Synthesis 1989,pp.647-660。
(2)Page等人,Chem.Soc.Rev.1990,vol.19,pp.147-195。
(3)Cirillo等人,Org.Prep.Proc.Int.1992,vol.24,pp.555
-582。
(4)Plantier-Royon和Portella,Tetrahedron Letters 1996,
vol.37(34),pp.6113-6114。
下面的实例决不是用来限制本发明的范围,而且也不应该这样来解释这些实例。此外,下列实例中所述的化合物不应理解为构成被认为是本发明的唯一种属,而这些化合物或其各部分的任何组合本均可形成一个种属。熟悉本技术的人们容易理解,下列制备步骤的条件和工艺的一些公知的变换均可用来制备这些化合物。
实施例
实例1
2-三甲基甲硅烷基吲哚的制备
碘苯胺(2.19g,10mmol)、按照参考例A)的程序制备的酰基硅烷(26g,20mmol)、DABCO(1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,3.36g,30mmol)和Pd(OAC)2(112.25mg,0.5mmol)在30ml DMF中的混合物通过N2/真空脱气,然后在105℃加热36小时。将混合物冷却至室温,用IPAc(乙酸异丙酯,100ml)稀释,用2×50ml水洗涤。将IPAc层进行真空浓缩,然后进行硅胶色谱精制,得到2-三甲基甲硅烷基吲哚及吲哚。
实例2-8
实例9
吲哚的制备
实例1的2-三甲基甲硅烷基吲哚产物在5ml甲醇中的混合物用2.5N HCl(2.11ml,5.2mmol)进行处理,然后让该反应混合物在室温下熟化2小时。再加入乙酸异丙酯(50ml)和水(10ml)。分离各层,有机层进行真空浓缩。残留的油进行硅胶色谱精制,得到呈白色固体的吲哚。
实例10-16
参考例A
O-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-2,2-二甲基-2-硅杂己烷-3-酮-6-醇的制备
往5g(25.98mmol)TMS二噻烷(1)在70ml-78℃的无水THF中的溶液中逐滴加入正丁基锂(1.6M,16.25ml,26mmol)。将该混合物温热至-20℃,在-20℃熟化0.5小时后再冷却至-78℃。逐滴加入溴代醚(2)的5ml THF溶液。混合温热至室温,再熟化12小时。将该混合物在庚烷(250ml)和水(200ml)之间分配。分离出庚烷层,经真空浓缩后得到淡黄色油状二噻烷(3)。该物质的一部分直接用于下一步骤。
二噻烷(3)(4.0g,11mmol)、一氧化汞(8.0g)和氯化汞(8.0g)在乙腈-H2O(80∶20,30ml)和乙酸乙酯(10ml)中的混合物在室温下熟化0.5小时。滤出固体物,用乙酸乙酯(40ml)洗涤。合并滤液和洗出液,将之浓缩成油。该物质经硅胶色谱精制后得到淡黄色油状的酰基硅烷(4)。
尽管对本发明作了描述,并参考某些具体实施方案进行了解释,然而,本领域的技术人员将会明白,可以对本发明作出各种改变、修改和替换,而不会背离本发明的精神实质和范围。因此,意图是,本发明必须由随后所附的权利要求的范围来界定,而且这些权利要求应尽量合理地按广义来解释。
Claims (10)
该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)使结构式I的化合物与结构式II的酰基硅烷在钯催化剂和质子受体存在下,在对起始原料惰性的无水有机溶剂中进行反应:其中,Y选自Br、I和三氟甲磺酰氧基;R5、R6、和R7各自独立地选自C1-6烷基和苯基;R8选自-(CH2)n-OH、-(CH2)n-OR17和-(CH2)n-NMe2;其中n是1,2,或3;以及R17选自羟基保护基,该保护基在温和的酸解条件下可以除去;
(b)使结构式III的化合物脱保护以得到结构式IV的化合物。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中钯催化剂选自:乙酸钯(II)、乙酰丙酮酸钯(II)、双(二亚苄基丙酮)合钯(O)(“dba”)、溴化钯(II)、氯化钯(II)、碘化钯(II)、硫酸钯(II)、三氟乙酸钯(II)、Pd(II)Cl2(CH3CN)2、Pd2(dba)3,和Pd(II)Cl2(PhCN)2。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其中钯催化剂是乙酸钯(II)。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其中质子受体选自:
(a)1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,
(b)奎宁环,
(c)叔丁胺,
(d)2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,和
(e)二叔丁基胺。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其中质子受体是1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其中有机溶剂选自DMSO,DMF,DMAC,和NMP。
7.按照权利要求6的方法,其中溶剂是DMF。
8.按照权利要求1的方法,其中反应是在90°~120℃的温度下进行的。
9.按照权利要求1的方法,其中该脱保护作用是路易斯酸催化的脱保护作用。
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US2386096P | 1996-08-13 | 1996-08-13 | |
US60/023,860 | 1996-08-13 | ||
GB9619064.0 | 1996-09-12 | ||
GBGB9619064.0A GB9619064D0 (en) | 1996-09-12 | 1996-09-12 | Palladium catalyzed indolization |
US3015596P | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | |
US60/030,155 | 1996-10-31 |
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US6235936B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2001-05-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Metal-catalyzed arylations of hydrazines, hydrazones, and related substrates |
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DE102008030206A1 (de) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | 3-Cyanoalky- und 3-Hydroxyalkyl-Indole und ihre Verwendung |
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DE69717287D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
EA003244B1 (ru) | 2003-02-27 |
ES2185983T3 (es) | 2003-05-01 |
BR9711131A (pt) | 1999-08-17 |
ATE228137T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
SK17899A3 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
TW429259B (en) | 2001-04-11 |
EA199900202A1 (ru) | 1999-08-26 |
AR013833A1 (es) | 2001-01-31 |
EP0925302B1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
DE69717287T2 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
CZ48299A3 (cs) | 1999-07-14 |
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AU4053497A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
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