CN108467091A - 高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxybismuthanyl nitrate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
高催化活性Cu‑Sn‑Bi电极及其制备方法和用途,所述的电极由以下质量组分溶于去离子水中制备而成,其中:Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61 g/L,CuP2O7 37~52.3g/L,SnP2O7 2.6~4.3g/L,KCl 45~65g/L,NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 45~65 g/L,EDTA‑2Na 85~92 g/L,C7H6O6S·2H2O 118~123g/L,K4O7P2 220~250g/L,Na2HPO4 26~31g/L,N(CH2COOH)3 25~30g/L。本发明制备电极所采用工艺在室温下即可施镀,工况易维护,且镀液配方简单,均为常用化学药品,价格低廉,无需二次合成,所获得的电极镀层与基体结合牢固,电极表面均匀。耐腐蚀更高、导电性能好。用于降解硝酸盐过程中,催化效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,属于电催化技术领域,制备的电极可用于电催化降解水体中硝酸盐。
背景技术
由于大量氮素化肥的施用,以及动物粪便、生活污水和含氮工业废水的不合理处置,导致我国地下水受到硝酸盐的严重污染,而地下水又是重要的饮用水源,给人类健康带来极大危害,我国饮用水卫生标准严格规定硝酸盐浓度要低于10mg/L。常规的物理、化学、生物方法很难将硝酸盐还原成无毒N2,而且可能产生二次污染。电催化反硝化技术由于具有还原硝酸盐更加彻底,反应速度快、自动化程度高等特点,近年来在水处理领域引起广泛关注。
电催化还原硝酸盐技术的关键在于寻求催化活性高、稳定性好、抗腐蚀性的催化材料、贵金属材料电极如Pt、Pd、Ru等虽然具有较高的电催化活性,但是这些材料的成本之高限制了它们在电化学水处理领域的实际应用,因此寻找性能优越价格低廉的电极材料是电催化技术的重中之重。但目前还未见相关报道。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明旨在提供一种高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极及其制备方法和用途,其目的是解决以往所存在的问题,且可用于水体中硝酸盐处理,解决以往处理效果不理想的问题。本发明制备电极所采用工艺在室温下即可施镀,工况易维护,且镀液配方简单,均为常用化学药品,价格低廉,无需二次合成,所获得的电极镀层与基体结合牢固,电极表面均匀。耐腐蚀更高、导电性能好。用于降解硝酸盐过程中,催化效率高。
技术方案
本发明目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,所述的电极由以下质量组分溶于去离子水中制备而成,其中:Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61g/L,CuP2O7 37~52.3g/L,SnP2O7 2.6~4.3g/L,KCl 45~65g/L,NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 45~65g/L,EDTA-2Na 85~92g/L,C7H6O6S·2H2O 118~123g/L,K4O7P2 220~250g/L,Na2HPO4 26~31g/L,N(CH2COOH)3 25~30g/L。(这里的g/L是每升总混合溶液(电沉积液)中含有相应的组分的量!以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为例,每升电沉积液中兑有Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61g)
所述的焦磷酸钾为络合剂。乙二胺四乙酸二钠为主配位剂。氨三乙酸为光亮剂。
电沉积液液配置过程中保持pH为8~10,且静止24h后使用。
一种制备上述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61g/L,CuP2O7 37~52.3g/L,SnP2O7 2.6~4.3g/L,KCl 45~65g/L,NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 45~65g/L,EDTA-2Na 85~92g/L,C7H6O6S·2H2O 118~123g/L,K4O7P2 220~250g/L,Na2HPO4 26~31g/L,N(CH2COOH)3 25~30g/L,溶于去离子水中作为电沉积液;
步骤二、选用纯钛金属作为基体进行预处理,首先将钛板依次用120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛板在温度为75-80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10-15%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将步骤二中预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将预处理后的基体与石墨浸入步骤一中所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极。
所述步骤二中纯钛金属为TA1型的纯钛金属,其纯度为99.9%。
步骤四的恒电流电沉积参数为:电流密度4~10mA/cm2,搅拌强度450~1000rad/min,电沉积温度20~45℃,电沉积时间10~120min。
高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的用途,其特征在于:该高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极用于降解硝酸盐。
高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极用于降解硝酸盐的方法:将制备得到的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125~0.25mol/L Na2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距20~40mm、搅拌强度450~1000rad/min、电流密度4~10mA/cm2、温度25~45℃条件下,在反应器中电催化降解水中硝酸盐。
优点效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明使用Ti板为基体,具有耐腐蚀性能、稳定性好、廉价易得,有利于提高电催化还原硝酸盐的效率,为电极电催化性能的提高提供基础。
(2)本发明采用的镀液配方简单、镀液稳定、无沉淀、保存时间长。
(3)本发明工艺简单,稳定,易于维护,节约能耗,所制备的Cu-Sn-Bi电极镀层成分均匀,致密性高。
本发明所述方法制备出的Cu-Sn-Bi电极对水体中硝酸盐降解性能好,催化活性高,具有很大应用前景。
附图说明
图1为钛基体扫描电子显微镜图像;
图2为本发明制得的Cu-Sn-Bi电极镀层扫描电子显微镜图像;
图3为Cu-Sn-Bi电极对硝酸盐去除率及副产物生成率随电解时间变化规律图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明:
近年来不少学者对非贵金属电极进行改性研究,Cu、Sn、Bi三种金属价格低廉,均为非贵金属材料,Cu可加快硝酸盐降解速率、Sn、Bi可提高N2选择性。因此,寻求价格低廉、性能优越的电极对研究废水处理具有很重要的意义。
其中,金属Cu来源广泛且价格低廉,耐腐蚀性能很好,对硝酸盐催化活性高,Bi电极处理硝酸盐废水电流效率高,Sn电极可提高硝酸盐降解过程中N2选择性,Cu-Sn-Bi电极可结合三种金属的性能优势,有效提高电极性能,因此本发明首次提出一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法。
与浸渍法、热分解法制备电极相比,电沉积法制备的电极可使镀层结晶细化、提高电极性能,且电极寿命长。
实施例
实施例1:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将57g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,38g/L CuP2O7,2.7g/L SnP2O7,50g/L KCl,45g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,86g/L EDTA-2Na,120/L C7H6O6S·2H2O,225g/L K4O7P2,28g/L Na2HPO4以及25g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液;
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面积为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为4mA/cm2,搅拌强度为450rad/min,电沉积温度为25℃,电沉积时间为15min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125mol/L Na2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距20mm、搅拌强度450rad/min、电流密度4mA/cm2、温度25℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度100mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到77%。
实施例2:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将60g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,42g/L CuP2O7,2.6g/L SnP2O7,60g/L KCl,60g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,90g/L EDTA-2Na,120/L C7H6O6S·2H2O,240g/L K4O7P2,30g/L Na2HPO4以及30g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;。
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为7mA/cm2,搅拌强度为500rad/min,电沉积温度为30℃,电沉积时间为45min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125mol/L Na2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距20mm、搅拌强度450rad/min、电流密度6mA/cm2、温度25℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度100mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到80%。
实施例3:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将58g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,45g/L CuP2O7,4.2g/L SnP2O7,55g/L KCl,65g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,88g/L EDTA-2Na,121/L C7H6O6S·2H2O,230g/L K4O7P2,27g/L Na2HPO4以及25g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液;
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为6mA/cm2,搅拌强度为650rad/min,电沉积温度为25℃,电沉积时间为60min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125mol/LNa2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距40mm、搅拌强度650rad/min、电流密度6mA/cm2、温度25℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度50mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到63%。
实施例4:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将57g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,50g/L CuP2O7,3.2g/L SnP2O7,50g/L KCl,60g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,88g/L EDTA-2Na,118/LC7H6O6S·2H2O,230g/L K4O7P2,29g/L Na2HPO4以及26g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液;
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为5mA/cm2,搅拌强度为1000rad/min,电沉积温度为45℃,电沉积时间为30min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.25mol/LNa2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距30mm、搅拌强度650rad/min、电流密度6mA/cm2、温度30℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度100mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到85%。
实施例5:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将56g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,52.3g/L CuP2O7,4.3g/L SnP2O7,45g/L KCl,60g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,85g/L EDTA-2Na,123/L C7H6O6S·2H2O,220g/L K4O7P2,31g/LNa2HPO4以及30g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为75℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;。
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为10mA/cm2,搅拌强度为700rad/min,电沉积温度为20℃,电沉积时间为120min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.25mol/LNa2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距30mm、搅拌强度1000rad/min、电流密度4mA/cm2、温度45℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度100mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到83%。
实施例6:
一种Cu-Sn-Bi电极制备及其降解硝酸盐的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将61g/L Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,37g/L CuP2O7,4.2g/L SnP2O7,65g/L KCl,65g/L NaKC4H4O6·4H2O,92g/L EDTA-2Na,121/L C7H6O6S·2H2O,250g/L K4O7P2,26g/L Na2HPO4以及27g/L N(CH2COOH)3溶于去离子水作为电沉积液;
步骤二、切割钛板,使其表面为40mm×50mm,依次经过120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛基体在温度为80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的15%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将基体与石墨浸入电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极,电流密度为8mA/cm2,搅拌强度为850rad/min,电沉积温度为35℃,电沉积时间为10min;
步骤五、将步骤四获得的电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125mol/L Na2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距40mm、搅拌强度650rad/min、电流密度10mA/cm2、温度25℃条件下,硝酸盐初始浓度50mg/L,电解过程中,硝酸盐的去除率达到65%。
综上:
本发明首次采用电沉积法制备Cu-Sn-Bi电极并应用于水体中硝酸盐的还原,电沉积液稳定、无沉淀、保存时间长,制得的电极与Pd、Pt、Rh等贵金属电极相比成本低,且电极表面均匀致密、稳定性好,对硝酸盐具有较强的还原能力。
Claims (10)
1.一种高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,其特征在于:所述的电极由以下质量组分溶于去离子水中制备而成,其中:Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61g/L,CuP2O7 37~52.3g/L,SnP2O7 2.6~4.3g/L,KCl 45~65g/L,NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 45~65g/L,EDTA-2Na 85~92g/L,C7H6O6S·2H2O118~123g/L,K4O7P2 220~250g/L,Na2HPO4 26~31g/L,N(CH2COOH)3 25~30g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,其特征在于:所述的焦磷酸钾为络合剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,其特征在于:乙二胺四乙酸二钠为主配位剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,其特征在于:氨三乙酸为光亮剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极,其特征在于:电沉积液液配置过程中保持pH为8~10,且静止24h后使用。
6.一种制备权利要求1所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 56~61g/L,CuP2O7 37~52.3g/L,SnP2O7 2.6~4.3g/L,KCl 45~65g/L,NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 45~65g/L,EDTA-2Na 85~92g/L,C7H6O6S·2H2O 118~123g/L,K4O7P2 220~250g/L,Na2HPO4 26~31g/L,N(CH2COOH)3 25~30g/L,溶于去离子水中作为电沉积液;
步骤二、选用纯钛金属作为基体进行预处理,首先将钛板依次用120目、240目两种不同规格砂纸进行打磨,然后将打磨好的钛板在温度为75-80℃的40%NaOH溶液中处理1h进行表面除油,再放入微沸的10-15%草酸溶液中处理1h进行酸洗蚀刻,并用去离子水清洗干净,保存于超纯水中备用;
步骤三、将步骤二中预处理后的基体与直流电源负极相连,石墨与直流电源正极相连,将预处理后的基体与石墨浸入步骤一中所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电沉积液中,形成回路;
步骤四、进行恒电流电沉积制备高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中纯钛金属为TA1型的纯钛金属,其纯度为99.9%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤四的恒电流电沉积参数为:电流密度4~10mA/cm2,搅拌强度450~1000rad/min,电沉积温度20~45℃,电沉积时间10~120min。
9.如权利要求6制备的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的用途,其特征在于:该高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极用于降解硝酸盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极的用途,其特征在于:高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极用于降解硝酸盐的方法:将制备得到的高催化活性Cu-Sn-Bi电极作为阴极,钌铱电极作为阳极,以0.125~0.25mol/L Na2SO4为支持电解质,在电极间距20~40mm、搅拌强度450~1000rad/min、电流密度4~10mA/cm2、温度25~45℃条件下,在反应器中电催化降解水中硝酸盐。
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