CN108450665B - Feed additive for preventing intestinal infection and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for preventing intestinal infection and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108450665B CN108450665B CN201810273505.3A CN201810273505A CN108450665B CN 108450665 B CN108450665 B CN 108450665B CN 201810273505 A CN201810273505 A CN 201810273505A CN 108450665 B CN108450665 B CN 108450665B
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- acidolysis
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- 206010022678 Intestinal infections Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- RDEIXVOBVLKYNT-VQBXQJRRSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-[(1s,2s,3r,4s,6r)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(1-aminoethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;(2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-[(1s,2s,3r,4s,6r)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2r,3r,6s)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]o Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC[C@@H](CN)O2)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N.O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC[C@H](O2)C(C)N)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N.O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N RDEIXVOBVLKYNT-VQBXQJRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/49—Fagaceae (Beech family), e.g. oak or chestnut
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/52—Juglandaceae (Walnut family)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K36/77—Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), e.g. lychee or soapberry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K36/82—Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and discloses a feed additive for preventing intestinal infection and a preparation method and application thereof. The feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of soapberry fruit peel, 10-30 parts of walnut fruit peel, 10-30 parts of oil tea fruit peel, 5-20 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5-20 parts of chestnut shell, 5-20 parts of peanut shell and 5-20 parts of acorn shell. The method comprises (1) extracting the raw materials with subcritical water to obtain extractive solution and residue; (2) treating the residue to obtain water-insoluble fiber; (3) mixing water insoluble fiber with the extractive solution, adsorbing, and drying to obtain feed additive. The feed additive can prevent intestinal infection of livestock and poultry and improve the disease resistance of the livestock and poultry when added into the feed, and can also improve the stability of the livestock and poultry in the gastrointestinal tract and the dispersibility of the livestock and poultry in the feed; the method has high extraction rate of active ingredients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive for preventing intestinal infection and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous enlargement of the production scale and the continuous improvement of the intensification degree of the animal husbandry in China, various intestinal diseases show a tendency of multiple occurrence, wherein the direct economic loss caused by the intestinal diseases reaches hundreds of billions yuan each year. Common intestinal diseases of livestock and poultry are mainly intestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. At present, the main prevention and treatment measures are antibiotics, however, the use of a large amount of antibiotics causes drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms and a large amount of antibiotic residues in animal products, and seriously threatens human health. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a natural product for preventing and treating intestinal infection to replace antibiotics.
The rough processing of agricultural products generates a large amount of waste which contains a plurality of active ingredients. If the wastes are reasonably screened and extracted, a cheap preparation or feed additive for effectively preventing and treating intestinal infection of livestock and poultry is expected to be formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims at providing a feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the feed additive in the preparation for preventing intestinal infection of livestock and poultry.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a feed additive for preventing intestinal infection is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of soapberry fruit peel, 10-30 parts of walnut fruit peel, 10-30 parts of oil tea fruit peel, 5-20 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5-20 parts of chestnut shell, 5-20 parts of peanut shell and 5-20 parts of acorn shell.
The preparation method of the feed additive for preventing intestinal infection comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting soapberry fruit peel, walnut fruit peel, oil-tea camellia fruit peel, castanopsis sclerophylla shell, chestnut shell, peanut shell and acorn shell by subcritical water to obtain extracting solution and residue;
(2) treating the residue to obtain water-insoluble fiber;
(3) mixing water insoluble fiber with the extractive solution, adsorbing, and drying to obtain feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
The subcritical water extraction in the step (1) is carried out under the conditions of pressure of 5-20 MPa and temperature of 150-300 ℃; the extraction time is 0.5-3 h. The volume-mass ratio of the subcritical water to the total amount of the raw materials is (8-50) mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
The treatment in the step (2) refers to acid hydrolysis by using acid and alkali hydrolysis by using alkali, and the treatment can be acid hydrolysis before alkali hydrolysis or alkali hydrolysis before acid hydrolysis.
The acid for acidolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid; the alkali for alkaline hydrolysis is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution;
the acidolysis condition is that the concentration of acid is 0.5-2.5 mol/L, the acidolysis time is 1-5 h, and the acidolysis temperature is 50-100 ℃; during acidolysis, the mass volume ratio of the residue to the acid is 1g (3-20) mL;
the alkaline hydrolysis condition is that the concentration of alkali is 2-5 wt%, the alkaline hydrolysis time is 1-5 h, and the alkaline hydrolysis temperature is 50-100 ℃; and during alkaline hydrolysis, the mass volume ratio of the residue to the alkali is 1g (3-20) mL.
In the step (3), the adsorption is oscillation adsorption, and the adsorption conditions are as follows: the adsorption temperature is 20-45 ℃, the oscillation frequency is 50-300 times/min, and the oscillation adsorption time is 0.5-2 hours.
The drying in the step (3) is vacuum drying, and the conditions of the vacuum drying are as follows: the temperature is 50-80 ℃, the pressure is 0.01-0.1 MPa, and the drying time is 2-8 h. In step (3), the adsorption may be followed by filtration.
The raw materials are mixed, crushed and sieved before extraction in the step (1). The sieving refers to sieving with a 40-120 mesh sieve.
The feed additive is applied to the preparation for preventing intestinal infection of livestock and poultry; is used for preparing livestock and poultry raising feed for preventing intestinal infection of livestock and poultry and/or improving disease resistance of livestock and poultry.
The feed additive is added into the livestock and poultry raising feed according to the mass fraction of 0.05-1% (the mass fraction of the additive is 0.05-1% of the mass of the feed), and can be used for preventing intestinal infection of livestock and poultry and improving the disease resistance of the livestock and poultry.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the formula is reasonable by utilizing the functions of killing insects, diminishing inflammation, resisting bacteria and resisting viruses of the oil tea fruit peel, the soapberry fruit peel, the walnut fruit peel and the castanopsis sclerophylla shell, matching with the gastrointestinal tract regulation function of the peanut shell and the chestnut shell and the immunity enhancement function of the acorn shell, and can effectively prevent and treat intestinal infection of livestock and poultry and improve the disease resistance of the livestock and poultry. The invention adopts subcritical water extraction, and utilizes the polarity change of subcritical water to fully extract active ingredients with different polarities in the fruit peel or the fruit shell. After the active substance in the peel or shell is extracted, the degradable components of the shell are removed by acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis, leaving water-insoluble cellulose. The cellulose has large porosity and specific surface area, contains a large amount of hydroxyl, is easy to form hydrogen bonds with active ingredients such as polyphenol, has strong adsorbability, and can improve the stability of the active ingredients in animal intestinal tracts and the dispersibility of the active ingredients in feed by loading the extracted active ingredients in the shell fibers. The following are the sources and effects of the raw materials of the formula:
oil tea fruit peel: the fruit shell (except the seed part of the fruit) of shrub or arborvitae of the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, killing insects and resisting bacteria, but is not developed and utilized;
soapberry peel: the pericarp of the fruit of tree of Sapindus of Sapindaceae is rich in saponin, and has effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, resolving food stagnation, and killing parasite;
walnut fruit peel: the pericarp of the fruit of Juglans of Juglandaceae has insecticidal, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial effects; the walnut peel is used as the epicarp and mesocarp of the fruit;
and (3) castanopsis sclerophylla shell: the fruit shell of tree of genus Alstonia of family Fagaceae, semen Castanopsis Sclerophyllae has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resolving food stagnation, dispelling blood stasis, and relieving diarrhea, but its shell is not used; the castanopsis sclerophylla shell is the epicarp of the fruit (i.e. the shell bucket, the part wrapping the seed);
peanut shell: the seed coat of annual herbaceous plant of Arachis of Leguminosae contains resveratrol, monounsaturated fatty acid and beta-sitosterol, and has effects of invigorating spleen, promoting appetite, invigorating qi, and stopping bleeding;
chestnut shells: chestnut shells of chestnut of Fagaceae have effects of lowering adverse flow of qi, promoting fluid production, clearing heat, resolving hard mass, stopping bleeding, and preventing regurgitation, but are not developed and utilized; the chestnut shell is the hull bucket of chestnut (i.e. the epicarp of chestnut);
acorn shell: the shell of fruit of tree of Quercus of Fagaceae has strong adaptability to plant, and its seed can be used for treating dysentery and enhancing immunity. The shell contains flavonoids, but is not utilized. The acorn shell is the outer peel of acorn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the method adopts subcritical water to extract and extract active compounds in the peels and the shells, has high extraction rate and good activity, does not use organic solvents, and is environment-friendly.
(2) According to the invention, the shell fiber is adopted to load the polyphenol structure compound, so that the stability of the compound in the gastrointestinal tract and the dispersibility of the compound in the feed are improved.
(3) The preparation process is simple and convenient for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Mixing 40g of soapberry fruit peel, 20g of walnut fruit peel, 20g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 5g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5g of chestnut shell, 5g of peanut shell and 5g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, adding 1L of water for extraction, and obtaining 820g of extracting solution and 230g of residue after extraction at the extraction pressure of 15MPa, the extraction temperature of 200 ℃ and the extraction time of 1 h;
(2) adding 1150mL of 1.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis at the temperature of 70 ℃, carrying out acidolysis for 2 hours, and filtering; adding 1150mL of 2% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 2h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue with water to be neutral to obtain 56g of a product;
(3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), shaking at 20 ℃ for 2h at the frequency of 300 times/min, and drying at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the pressure of 0.01MPa for 2h to obtain 62g of the feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 2
(1) Mixing 20g of soapberry fruit peel, 30g of walnut fruit peel, 15g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 10g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 10g of chestnut shell, 10g of peanut shell and 5g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 120-mesh sieve, adding 2L of water for extraction, and obtaining 1850g of extracting solution and 210g of residue after extraction pressure is 20MPa, extraction temperature is 300 ℃ and extraction time is 0.5 h;
(2) adding 4.2L of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis, wherein the acidolysis temperature is 100 ℃, and filtering after 3 hours of acidolysis; adding 2.1L of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2% into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 3h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue with water to be neutral to obtain 47g of a product;
(3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and shaking at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 0.5h at the frequency of 50 times/min; then drying for 4h at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the pressure of 0.05MPa to obtain 53g of feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 3
(1) Mixing 30g of soapberry fruit peel, 15g of walnut fruit peel, 15g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 5g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5g of chestnut shell, 20g of peanut shell and 10g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, adding 0.8L of water for extraction, and obtaining 590g of extracting solution and 270g of residue after extraction at the extraction pressure of 5MPa, the extraction temperature of 150 ℃ and the extraction time of 3 h;
(2) adding 810mL of 2.5mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis at the temperature of 50 ℃, carrying out acidolysis for 1.5h, and filtering; adding 1080mL of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2.5% into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 1.5h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue with water to be neutral to obtain 63g of a product;
(3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and shaking for 1h at the temperature of 35 ℃ and the frequency of 100 times/min; filtering, and drying at 80 deg.C and 0.1MPa for 3 hr to obtain 68g feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 4
(1) Mixing 15g of soapberry fruit peel, 15g of walnut fruit peel, 30g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 15g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5g of chestnut shell, 5g of peanut shell and 15g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, adding 5L of water for extraction, and obtaining 4850g of extracting solution and 240g of residue after extraction at the extraction pressure of 10MPa, the extraction temperature of 250 ℃ and the extraction time of 1.5 h;
(2) adding 2.4L of 2mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis at the temperature of 80 ℃, carrying out acidolysis for 1 hour, and filtering; adding 1.2L of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 1h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue with water to be neutral to obtain 44g of a product;
(3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and shaking at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 1.5h at the frequency of 200 times/min; then drying at 70 deg.C and 0.03MPa for 8 hr to obtain 50g feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 5
(1) Mixing 20g of soapberry fruit peel, 15g of walnut fruit peel, 15g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 20g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 20g of chestnut shell, 5g of peanut shell and 5g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, adding 3L of water for extraction, and obtaining 2750g of extracting solution and 280g of residue after extraction at the extraction temperature of 180 ℃ under the extraction pressure of 8MPa for 1.5 h;
(2) adding 1.4L of 1.5mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out acidolysis for 4 hours, and filtering; adding 1.4L of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 3% into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 4h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue with water to be neutral to obtain 62g of a product;
(3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and shaking for 1h at the frequency of 250 times/min at the temperature of 35 ℃; then drying for 5h at 60 deg.C and 0.01MPa to obtain 70g feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 6
(1) Mixing 25g of soapberry fruit peel, 10g of walnut fruit peel, 10g of oil-tea camellia fruit peel, 10g of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 10g of chestnut shell (chestnut epicarp), 15g of peanut shell and 20g of acorn shell, crushing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, adding 4L of water for extraction, and obtaining 3700g of extracting solution and 310g of residue after extraction at the extraction temperature of 250 ℃ and the extraction time of 2.5h under the extraction pressure of 12 MPa;
(2) adding 3.1L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 2.5mol/L into the residue obtained in the step (1) for acidolysis, wherein the acidolysis temperature is 70 ℃, carrying out acidolysis for 3.5 hours, and filtering; and adding 5L of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% into the filter residue for alkaline hydrolysis, filtering after 3.5h of alkaline hydrolysis, and washing the filter residue to be neutral to obtain 65g of a product.
(3) Adding the product obtained in the step (2) into the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and shaking at 40 ℃ for 1.5h at the frequency of 150 times/min; then drying for 6h at 70 ℃ and 0.05MPa to obtain 73g of feed additive for preventing intestinal infection.
Example 7
Experiment of treatment effect of feed additive for preventing intestinal infection on salmonella infection of chicken
The method comprises the following steps: 300 Qingyuan partridge chickens of 1 day old are taken and randomly divided into 10 groups of 30 chickens. The test method comprises the following steps of dividing the test result into a control group, an antibiotic group, a high-dosage group, a medium-dosage group and a low-dosage group of the additive in example 1 and a medium-dosage group of the additive in examples 2-6. Infecting with chicken-derived Salmonella C79-1 for 1 time (feeding 0.1mL, about 10 times)8Viable bacteria), the additive is added into the feed at 1% (high dose), 0.5% (medium dose) and 0.1% (low dose), the antibiotic is amikacin sulfate, and the additive is added into the feed at 30 mg/kg. Feeding continuously for 30 days. And counting the number of the dead chickens, taking out spleens and thymuses after the non-dead chickens are sacrificed, and calculating spleen indexes and thymus indexes.
As a result: the additive of the invention has good control effect on chicken infection caused by salmonella, no death occurs, and spleen and thymus index of the additive are obviously improved compared with that of a control. Which shows that they have the therapeutic effect of antibiotics and the function of improving the immunity of chickens. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 therapeutic Effect of additives on Salmonella-infected chickens
Example 8
Experiment of treatment effect of feed additive for preventing intestinal infection on swine infected escherichia coli
The method comprises the following steps: 200 ternary pigs within 10-20 days are randomly divided into 10 groups of 20 pigs. The groups are a control group, a high, medium and low dosage group of the additive in example 1, a medium dosage group of the additive in examples 2-6 and an antibiotic group. Using Escherichia coli O301Infection (5 mL/day feed, about 10)9Viable bacteria) for 5 days, the additive is added into the feed at 0.2% (high dose), 0.1% (medium dose) and 0.05% (low dose), the antibiotic is gentamicin sulfate, and the addition amount of the antibiotic in the feed is 10 mg/kg. The administration was continued for 3 days. And (3) observing the condition of the pig: the symptoms disappear, and the diet and mental conditions are cured; the diarrhea condition is relieved, and the appetite is improved to be obvious effect; the diarrhea condition is not reduced or aggravated, and the appetite is not improved to be ineffective.
As a result: the additive disclosed by the invention has a good control effect on pig infection caused by escherichia coli, the significant efficiency is 80-100%, and the cure rate is 50-90%. Thus indicating that the compounds have antibiotic substitution effect on the pig infected Escherichia coli. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 therapeutic Effect of additives on E.coli infected pigs
| Extract of plant | Number of animals/animal | Number/number of display | Cure rate/body | Invalid number/only | Significant efficiency/%) | Percent cure rate/%) |
| Control group | 20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 1 Low dose | 20 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 80 | 50 |
| Dosage in example 1 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 1 | 95 | 80 |
| Example 1 high dose | 20 | 20 | 18 | 0 | 100 | 90 |
| Dosage in example 2 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 2 | 90 | 70 |
| Dosage in example 3 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 1 | 95 | 80 |
| Dosage in example 4 | 20 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| Dosage in example 5 | 20 | 18 | 15 | 2 | 90 | 75 |
| Dosage in example 6 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 1 | 95 | 85 |
| Gentamicin | 20 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 100 | 85 |
Example 9
The feed additives for preventing intestinal infection prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6 are respectively added into chicken feed, the addition amount is 5%, the growth condition of chicken is good after the feed is used for 14 days, and no intestinal infection diseases of chicken occur within two months.
Example 10
The feed additives for preventing intestinal infection prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6 are respectively added into cattle feed, the addition amount is 0.1%, the cattle growth and milk production conditions are good after 7 days of use, and no intestinal infection diseases occur within two months.
The above-described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and other changes, modifications, and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention. The combination and simplification are all equivalent replacement modes and all the equivalents are included in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A feed additive for preventing intestinal infections, characterized in that: the material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of soapberry fruit peel, 10-30 parts of walnut fruit peel, 10-30 parts of oil tea fruit peel, 5-20 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla shell, 5-20 parts of chestnut shell, 5-20 parts of peanut shell and 5-20 parts of acorn shell;
the preparation method of the feed additive for preventing intestinal infection comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting soapberry fruit peel, walnut fruit peel, oil-tea camellia fruit peel, castanopsis sclerophylla shell, chestnut shell, peanut shell and acorn shell by subcritical water to obtain extracting solution and residue;
(2) treating the residue to obtain water-insoluble fiber;
(3) mixing water-insoluble fiber with the extractive solution, adsorbing, and drying to obtain feed additive for preventing intestinal infection;
the subcritical water extraction in the step (1) is carried out under the conditions of pressure of 5-20 MPa and temperature of 150-300 ℃; the extraction time is 0.5-3 h;
the volume-mass ratio of the subcritical water to the total amount of the raw materials is (8-50) mL: 1g of a compound;
the treatment in the step (2) refers to acidolysis by acid and alkaline hydrolysis by alkali, wherein the acidolysis is performed first and then the alkaline hydrolysis is performed or the alkaline hydrolysis is performed first and then the acidolysis is performed;
the acid for acidolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid;
the alkali for alkaline hydrolysis is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution;
the acidolysis condition is that the concentration of acid is 0.5-2.5 mol/L, the acidolysis time is 1-5 h, and the acidolysis temperature is 50-100 ℃;
the alkaline hydrolysis condition is that the concentration of alkali is 2-5 wt%, the alkaline hydrolysis time is 1-5 h, and the alkaline hydrolysis temperature is 50-100 ℃;
during acidolysis, the mass volume ratio of the residue to the acid is 1g (3-20) mL; during alkaline hydrolysis, the mass volume ratio of the residue to the alkali is 1g (3-20) mL;
in the step (3), the adsorption is oscillation adsorption, and the adsorption conditions are as follows: the adsorption temperature is 20-45 ℃, the oscillation frequency is 50-300 times/min, and the oscillation adsorption time is 0.5-2 hours.
2. The feed additive for preventing intestinal infections according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the drying in the step (3) is vacuum drying.
3. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2 for the prevention of intestinal infections, characterized in that: the feed additive is used for preparing livestock and poultry feeding feed for preventing intestinal infection of livestock and poultry and/or improving disease resistance of livestock and poultry.
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| CN104054898B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of alternative antibiotic shell extract and preparation method thereof and application |
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