CN108439950A - 一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺 - Google Patents
一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,取陶土泥浆料60‑70wt%、矿物粉料15‑20 wt%、长石2‑5 wt%、石英5‑15 wt%,均匀混合后注浆成生坯,在开放式电窑中采用持续升温方式进行高温素烧,素烧温度为1180‑1280℃,烧制完成后自然冷却。本发明工艺简单、资源丰富,利用新的原料配方和制备工艺,通过注浆、压制、手拉坯等方式制作的陶瓷器成型率高,不易开裂,在300℃状态下置入5℃说中不开裂;制得海陶瓷具备双重气孔结构的多孔性材质,气孔微细,密度高,表面光滑,胎坚壁薄,吸水率小于3%;烧制过程中使用电能,对环境无任何污染,烧制完成后的产品,同时具备原始黎陶器皿的文化气蕴和现代的工艺美感。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制备技术领域,具体说是涉及一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺。
背景技术
黎族世居区(海南昌江黎族自治县、白沙黎族自治县、乐东黎族自治县、三亚市、五指山市、东方市、陵水黎族自治县等)的人们利用当地的土壤进行日用陶器的制作,沿用至今已有六千多年历史。于2006年黎族手工制陶技艺入选国家非物质文化遗产,具有极高的文化价值。但随着时代的进步,这类陶器已经逐渐被社会淘汰。此类陶器主要以盘条法等为主要技术手段,烧制温度一般在850℃-900℃之间,制作工艺粗糙,烧至成型后易出现渗水等问题。现阶段未出现注浆成型和压力成型的陶器。
海南岛周边环海,(海水/淡水)贝类养殖职业和捕捞业发达,再生产过程中产生了大量的废弃贝壳等废弃物。此类废弃物的主要成分为碳酸钙和少量壳质素组成,在大自然中自然降解周期长、难度高。但经过酸洗等过程后,可以把贝壳中的碳酸钙转化磷酸钙。利用磷酸钙进行烧制陶器可以使陶器在硬度、强度、渗水性等方面的性能上有很大的提升。
贝壳的主要成分为95%的碳酸钙和少量的壳质素。一般可分为3层,最外层为黑褐色的角质层(壳皮),薄而透明,有防止碳酸侵蚀的作用,由外套膜边缘分泌的壳质素构成;中层为棱柱层(壳层),较厚,由外套膜边缘分泌的棱柱状的方解石构成;内层为珍珠层(底层),由外套膜整个表面分泌的叶片状霰石(文石)叠成,具有美丽光泽。
方解石和霰石的主要化学成分都是CaCO3。生物所含的碳酸钙不能被直接引入陶瓷制作当中,它会影响陶瓷浆的使用性能。所以,将海南岛在生产活动中产生的废弃贝类作为主要原料和黎族世居区的陶土进行新的配比,辅之长石、石英等材料,形成新的配方,运用新的工艺技术进行制作。
发明内容
本发明为弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种生产成本低、制备工艺简单的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,取陶土泥浆料60-70wt%、矿物粉料15-20 wt%、长石2-5 wt%、石英5-15 wt%,均匀混合后注浆成生坯,在开放式电窑中采用持续升温方式进行高温素烧,素烧温度为1180-1280℃,烧制完成后自然冷却。
本发明的更优方案为:
所述陶土泥浆料采用以下方法获得:
(1)取陶土对其晾晒、粉碎、研磨后过筛除杂,然后与水按照质量比1:6-8混合后入球磨机进行球磨;
(2)磨制后的泥浆注入搅拌桶,陈腐,陈腐完成后去除上层多余水分,将剩余泥浆进行过筛;
(3)向步骤(2)获得的泥浆中加入电解质,混合搅拌至充分溶解,然后加入石英,继续搅拌至充分溶解,得到泥浆原料;
(4)将泥浆原料吸入滤泥机进行过滤,得到泥饼,泥饼陈腐后,入练泥机炼制3-5遍,得到陶土泥浆料。
所述矿物粉料采用以下方法获得:
(a)将贝壳洗净,晾干;
(b)将晾干后的贝壳进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为400-600℃,煅烧时间为3-4h,保温1-2h;
(c)煅烧处理的贝壳自然冷却后进行粉碎,过筛,得到颗粒状材料;
(d)向步骤(3)得到的颗粒状材料中加入磷酸搅拌并充分融合,反应至PH值为4-6,静置后得到含水贝壳料;
(e)将含水贝壳料清洗至PH值呈中性,沉淀后去除水分,得到贝壳湿粉;
(f)将贝壳湿粉置于窑炉内在450-600℃煅烧,自然冷却,得到矿物粉料。
其优选的是:
步骤(1)中,研磨后的陶土过80-100目筛。
步骤(1)中陶土球磨时间为24h;步骤(2)中泥浆陈腐时间为24h。
步骤(2)中剩余泥浆过200-250目筛。
步骤(3)中,所述电解质为腐殖酸钠和水玻璃;腐殖酸钠和水玻璃占泥浆的质量比为1.8-3.35‰;石英占泥浆的质量比为7.8-13.5%。
步骤(c)中,粉碎后的贝壳过30-80目筛,得到均匀的颗粒状材料。
步骤(d)中,贝壳材料与工业磷酸的质量比为1:1.1-1.5。
步骤(e)中,含水贝壳料与水的质量比为1:1.2。
本发明工艺简单、资源丰富,利用新的原料配方和制备工艺,通过注浆、压制、手拉坯等方式制作的陶瓷器成型率高,不易开裂,在300℃状态下置入5℃说中不开裂;制得海陶瓷具备双重气孔结构的多孔性材质,气孔微细,密度高,表面光滑,胎坚壁薄,吸水率小于3%。且富含铁、硅、锰、钙、镁、钠、钾等多种人体所需的微量元素,起到保健防病作用;烧制过程中使用电能,对环境无任何污染,烧制完成后的产品,同时具备原始黎陶器皿的文化气蕴和现代的工艺美感。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为本发明高温素烧的温度曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
陶土泥浆料的制备:
(1)取陶土后对其晾晒、粉碎,过80目筛后去除大颗粒杂质,取过筛后陶土和水,按照1:6的质量比例进行配比,入球磨机进行磨制24小时;
(2)将磨制后的泥浆注入搅拌桶,陈腐24小时,陈腐完成后去除上层多余水分,剩余泥浆过200目筛,置入容器内;
(3)将腐殖酸钠和水玻璃等电解质混合搅拌至充分溶解,加入步骤4的泥浆中,腐殖酸钠和水玻璃占泥浆的质量比为3‰,以此来增加泥料的可流动性和悬浮性能;再将石英倒入与上述泥料混合搅拌至充分溶解,以此来增加泥料的可塑性和吸水性,石英占泥浆的质量比为12%,得到泥浆原料;
(4)将所得泥浆原料吸入真空滤泥机进行过滤,约3-5小时,得到泥饼;将泥饼密封陈腐72小时后,入真空练泥机炼制3-5遍,经过以上工艺后得到陶土泥浆料。
矿物粉料的制备:
(a)取贝壳,用淡水对贝壳进行2-3遍冲洗,充分去除贝壳表面附着的杂质,然后晾干;
(b)将处理好的贝壳进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度控制在600℃,煅烧时间3小时,保温2小时;
(c)将上述处理好的贝壳进行自然冷却处理,然后进行粉碎处理,过50-80目晒,得到颗粒状材料;
(d)将得到的材料至于容器内,加工业磷酸搅拌并充分融合,反应至PH值至4.8,静置24小时,得到含水贝壳料,贝壳材料与工业磷酸质量分数比例为1:1;
(e)将含水贝壳料用淡水进行2次清洗,直至PH值至中性,经沉淀后去除水分,得到贝壳湿粉,含水贝壳料与水质量分数比例为1:1.2;
(f)将贝壳湿粉置于窑炉进行煅烧,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间为2小时,自然冷却后得到以磷酸钙为主的矿物粉料,也就是“人工合成骨粉”。
将上述得到的陶土泥浆料60 wt%、矿物粉料10 wt%、长石2 wt%、石英5 wt%的比例进行调和,通过常规工艺注浆成型得到生坯,经过晾晒、修坯后通过40m的坑道开放式电窑进行烧制,设定温度为1180℃,烧制结束后自然冷却,得到海陶瓷器。
实施例2
陶土泥浆料的制备:
(1)取陶土后对其晾晒、粉碎,过90目筛后去除大颗粒杂质,取过筛后陶土和水,按照1:7的质量比例进行配比,入球磨机进行磨制24小时;
(2)将磨制后的泥浆注入搅拌桶,陈腐24小时,陈腐完成后去除上层多余水分,剩余泥浆过220目筛,置入容器内;
(3)将腐殖酸钠和水玻璃等电解质混合搅拌至充分溶解,加入步骤4的泥浆中,腐殖酸钠和水玻璃占泥浆的质量比为2‰,以此来增加泥料的可流动性和悬浮性能;再将石英倒入与上述泥料混合搅拌至充分溶解,以此来增加泥料的可塑性和吸水性,石英占泥浆的质量比为10%,得到泥浆原料;
(4)将所得泥浆原料吸入真空滤泥机进行过滤,约3-5小时,得到泥饼;将泥饼密封陈腐72小时后,入真空练泥机炼制3-5遍,经过以上工艺后得到陶土泥浆料。
矿物粉料的制备:
(a)取贝壳,用淡水对贝壳进行2-3遍冲洗,充分去除贝壳表面附着的杂质,然后晾干;
(b)将处理好的贝壳进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度控制在500℃,煅烧时间3.5小时,保温1.5小时;
(c)将上述处理好的贝壳进行自然冷却处理,然后进行粉碎处理,过50-80目晒,得到颗粒状材料;
(d)将得到的材料至于容器内,加工业磷酸搅拌并充分融合,反应至PH值至4.8,静置24小时,得到含水贝壳料,贝壳材料与工业磷酸质量分数比例为1:1.5;
(e)将含水贝壳料用淡水进行2次清洗,直至PH值至中性,经沉淀后去除水分,得到贝壳湿粉,含水贝壳料与水质量分数比例为1:1.2;
(f)将贝壳湿粉置于窑炉进行煅烧,煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间为2.5小时,自然冷却后得到以磷酸钙为主的矿物粉料,也就是“人工合成骨粉”。
将上述得到的陶土泥浆料65wt%、矿物粉料18wt%、长石3wt%、石英10wt%的比例进行调和,通过常规工艺注浆成型得到生坯,经过晾晒、修坯后通过40m的坑道开放式电窑进行烧制,设定温度为1280℃,图1为本实施例的烧制温度曲线,烧制结束后自然冷却,得到海陶瓷器。
实施例3
陶土泥浆料的制备:
(1)取陶土后对其晾晒、粉碎,过90目筛后去除大颗粒杂质,取过筛后陶土和水,按照1:8的质量比例进行配比,入球磨机进行磨制24小时;
(2)将磨制后的泥浆注入搅拌桶,陈腐24小时,陈腐完成后去除上层多余水分,剩余泥浆过250目筛,置入容器内;
(3)将腐殖酸钠和水玻璃等电解质混合搅拌至充分溶解,加入步骤4的泥浆中,腐殖酸钠和水玻璃占泥浆的质量比为2.5‰,以此来增加泥料的可流动性和悬浮性能;再将石英倒入与上述泥料混合搅拌至充分溶解,以此来增加泥料的可塑性和吸水性,石英占泥浆的质量比为8%,得到泥浆原料;
(4)将所得泥浆原料吸入真空滤泥机进行过滤,约3-5小时,得到泥饼;将泥饼密封陈腐72小时后,入真空练泥机炼制3-5遍,经过以上工艺后得到陶土泥浆料。
矿物粉料的制备:
(a)取贝壳,用淡水对贝壳进行2-3遍冲洗,充分去除贝壳表面附着的杂质,然后晾干;
(b)将处理好的贝壳进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度控制在450℃,煅烧时间4小时,保温1小时;
(c)将上述处理好的贝壳进行自然冷却处理,然后进行粉碎处理,过50-80目晒,得到颗粒状材料;
(d)将得到的材料至于容器内,加工业磷酸搅拌并充分融合,反应至PH值至6,静置24小时,得到含水贝壳料,贝壳材料与工业磷酸质量分数比例为1:1.2;
(e)将含水贝壳料用淡水进行2次清洗,直至PH值至中性,经沉淀后去除水分,得到贝壳湿粉,含水贝壳料与水质量分数比例为1:1.1;
(f)将贝壳湿粉置于窑炉进行煅烧,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间为2小时,自然冷却后得到以磷酸钙为主的矿物粉料,也就是“人工合成骨粉”。
将上述得到的陶土泥浆料70 wt%、矿物粉料120wt%、长石5wt%、石英15 wt%的比例进行调和,通过常规工艺注浆成型得到生坯,经过晾晒、修坯后通过40m的坑道开放式电窑进行烧制,设定温度为1180℃,烧制结束后自然冷却,得到海陶瓷器。
Claims (10)
1.一种利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:取陶土泥浆料60-70wt%、矿物粉料15-20 wt%、长石2-5 wt%、石英5-15 wt%,均匀混合后注浆成生坯,在开放式电窑中采用持续升温方式进行高温素烧,素烧温度为1180-1280℃,烧制完成后自然冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:所述陶土泥浆料采用以下方法获得:
(1)取陶土对其晾晒、粉碎、研磨后过筛除杂,然后与水按照质量比1:6-8混合后入球磨机进行球磨;
(2)磨制后的泥浆注入搅拌桶,陈腐,陈腐完成后去除上层多余水分,将剩余泥浆进行过筛;
(3)向步骤(2)获得的泥浆中加入电解质,混合搅拌至充分溶解,然后加入石英,继续搅拌至充分溶解,得到泥浆原料;
(4)将泥浆原料吸入滤泥机进行过滤,得到泥饼,泥饼陈腐后,入练泥机炼制3-5遍,得到陶土泥浆料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,研磨后的陶土过80-100目筛。
4.根据权利要求2所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(1)中陶土球磨时间为24h;步骤(2)中泥浆陈腐时间为24h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中剩余泥浆过200-250目筛。
6.根据权利要求2所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述电解质为腐殖酸钠和水玻璃;腐殖酸钠和水玻璃占泥浆的质量比为1.8-3.35‰;石英占泥浆的质量比为7.8-13.5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:所述矿物粉料采用以下方法获得:
(a)将贝壳洗净,晾干;
(b)将晾干后的贝壳进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为400-600℃,煅烧时间为3-4h,保温1-2h;
(c)煅烧处理的贝壳自然冷却后进行粉碎,过筛,得到颗粒状材料;
(d)向步骤(3)得到的颗粒状材料中加入磷酸搅拌并充分融合,反应至PH值为4-6,静置后得到含水贝壳料;
(e)将含水贝壳料清洗至PH值呈中性,沉淀后去除水分,得到贝壳湿粉;
(f)将贝壳湿粉置于窑炉内在450-600℃煅烧,自然冷却,得到矿物粉料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,粉碎后的贝壳过30-80目筛,得到均匀的颗粒状材料。
9.根据权利要求7所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,贝壳材料与工业磷酸的质量比为1:1.1-1.5。
10.根据权利要求7所述的利用陶土和海洋贝类制备海陶瓷器的工艺,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,含水贝壳料与水的质量比为1:1.2。
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