CN107963884A - 一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N (2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- FYHXNYLLNIKZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;carbonic acid Chemical compound [Ca].OC(O)=O FYHXNYLLNIKZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CADZRPOVAQTAME-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hydroxy phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OOP([O-])([O-])=O CADZRPOVAQTAME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- -1 pandermite Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical group [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,涉及陶瓷烧制领域。采用天然贝壳作为初始原料之一,采用湿式粉碎法,依据磷灰石的形成机理合成粒径为2~5µm的粒状微细骨粉,生产原料来源广泛,同时对后续生产过程中添加的原料组分高岭土、石英砂、钾长石、白硼钙石、氧化锂、木节土、腐植酸钠、甲基纤维素进行改进,得到性能更好的骨质瓷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷烧制领域,具体而言,涉及一种骨质瓷的生产方法。
背景技术
众所周知,骨质瓷是用动物骨灰(煅烧处理,以牛骨为佳)为主要原料加入一定数量的高龄土、石英、长石等矿物原料,采用高温素烧、低温釉烧二次烧成工艺烧制成的软质瓷器,具有瓷质细腻、白度高、透明度好、釉面光润、机械强度高等优良特性,是公认的高级日用细瓷,其售价比一般细瓷高5~10倍,在国际市场上深受用户喜爱。我国六十年代研究试制,七十年代试生产,八十年代开始批量生产,产量逐年扩大,但是长期以来动物骨灰供应渠道困难,质量低而不稳,因此严重影响了骨质瓷的生产及普及。
基于此,针对动物骨灰供应困难的问题,价格昂贵且成分不稳定的现状,利用天然原料或者合成原料来部分或全部地替换动物骨灰就成为了目前研究关注的热点。
申请号为95112294.0公开了一种骨灰代用合成料及其制做的骨质瓷,该合成料主要成分是羟基磷灰石和/或磷酸三钙,Ca/P=1.50-1.67,完全可代替动物骨灰,且生产的骨质瓷质量优于动物骨灰生产的骨质瓷,但是生产的骨质瓷抗热震性较差。
申请号201110056388.3公开了一种生产骨质瓷用合成骨粉的制备方法,其是以天然矿物碳酸钙和磷酸氢钙为初始原料,但是这种合成骨粉的主晶相为缺钙型羟基磷酸钙,制备过程中容易造成钙源不足,脆性大。
由于现有技术制备的骨质瓷均具有陶瓷的普遍共同缺陷,即脆性大、抗弯曲强度和断裂韧性都比较低,严重影响了其应用的范围,例如不宜在高档宾馆饭店使用。因此强韧化也成了近年来研究的核心问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种能源损耗小、成本低、工艺简单的骨质瓷生产方法,由此生产的骨质瓷抗热振性和韧性好,白度高。
本发明采用天然贝壳作为初始原料之一,采用湿式粉碎法,依据磷灰石的形成机理合成粒径为2~5µm的粒状微细骨粉,生产原料来源广泛,同时对后续生产过程中添加的原料组分进行改进,得到性能更好的骨质瓷,其具体技术方案通过以下过程加以实现。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯料原料
S1:贝壳清洗后,粉碎机粉碎成355~400目数的粉体,该粉体经高温煅烧,得到氧化钙混合物;
S2:氧化钙混合物与氢氧化钙和磷酸以一定比例混合,加水充分反应,干燥,再经高温煅烧,制成磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物;
S3:加入高岭土、石英砂、钾长石、白硼钙石、氧化锂、木节土、腐植酸钠、甲基纤维素混合均匀,得到坯料原料;
(2)坯体制备
将上述坯料原料放入球磨机中,按料、球和水的质量比1:2:0.5,向球磨机中加入钢球和水进行球磨,得球磨混合物,再经泥井混合,过筛,磁选除铁,将除铁后的球磨混合物在室温下陈腐,压滤,得到滤饼,并把滤饼放入模具中压制成型,脱模,收集脱模物,得到坯体;
(3)骨质瓷制备
将上述步骤得到的坯体放入烧结炉中进行烧结,其中素烧温度为1240~1290℃,釉烧温度1100~1300℃,再进行抛光、吹尘,即得到骨质瓷。
其中,贝壳选自珍珠贝壳,牡蛎贝壳和蚌贝壳,在1400~1600℃的高温下煅烧,得到氧化钙混合物。
其中,磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物的化学组成为:SiO2≤0.4,Al2O3≤0.5,Fe2O3≤0.2,CaO≥64,P2O5≥33,以重量百分比计;矿物组成为:Ca/P=1.71-1.83,主晶相羟基磷酸钙含量为95%以上,成分稳定;粉体特性为:<2µm颗粒约占30%,<5µm颗粒约占80%,<10µm颗粒约占95%,中值粒径(D50)=3.6µm,塑性:具有微弱可塑性。
按上述原料组份配料,采用如前述利用原料生产骨质瓷的工艺流程及有关工艺参数,由于锂是自然界金属中热膨胀系数最低的金属之一,通过添加氧化锂,改善了骨质瓷的热抗振性,添加木节土,提高骨质瓷的可塑性,添加白硼钙石,作为钙源补充物,防止原料在制备过程中钙的流失,同时由于所含氢离子的进一步降低,使之与天然骨碳更加相近,所生产的骨质瓷白度达到90%,高于天然骨碳的骨质瓷,抗弯曲强度达到130~132MPa,热稳定性240~20℃,一次不裂。
本发明具有的有益技术效果如下:
1.生产工艺简单。利用贝壳与氢氧化钙和磷酸作为原料代替天然骨炭生产骨质瓷的工艺方法,通过坯料原料的制备,后续工艺随之相应改进,减少了因生产骨质瓷的许多工艺程序,能显著地降低生产成本和产品的价格;
2.原料来源广泛。本发明以天然贝壳作为钙源,由于动物骨碳来源渠道窄,而我国海资源丰富,天然贝壳储量大,来源广不受限制,如人们在日常食用后经常丢弃,适于生活废弃物回收再利用,扩宽了生产骨质瓷原料来源的生产领域;
3.产品质量能达到骨质瓷更高的瓷质要求,通过添加氧化锂,改善了骨质瓷的热抗振性,添加木节土,提高骨质瓷的可塑性,添加白硼钙石,作为钙源补充物,防止原料在制备过程中钙的流失,同时由于所含氢离子的进一步降低,使之与天然骨碳更加相近,所生产的骨质瓷白度达到92%,高于天然骨碳的骨质瓷,抗弯曲强度达到140~145MPa,热稳定性240~20℃,一次不裂。
附图说明
图1是本发明生产工艺的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
坯料原料的制备:
日常生活中,珍珠贝壳、牡蛎贝壳和蚌贝壳为比较常见的贝壳种类,本发明主要选取这三种作为坯料原料的初始原料,但并不局限于此,其他能制备CaO初始料的天然物质也在本发明考虑的范围内。
将回收后的贝壳利用清洗机简单清洗后,经粉碎机粉碎成355~400目数的粉体,收集过筛粉体,粉碎所得粉体放入煅烧炉中,高温煅烧,设定温度为1400~1600℃,煅烧2~3h,收集煅烧物,得氧化钙混合物,其中氧化物混合物的制备量依生产所需确定。
将上述氧化钙混合物与氢氧化钙和磷酸以摩尔比为2:1:1.5的比例,氧化钙混合物的量稍大一些,以使磷酸反应完全,节省用量,加水充分反应,完全干燥后,经高温炉煅烧1180~1200℃,制成磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物,其中,磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物的化学组成为:SiO2≤0.4,Al2O3≤0.5,Fe2O3≤0.2,CaO≥64,P2O5≥33,以重量百分比计;矿物组成为:Ca/P=1.71-1.83,主晶相羟基磷酸钙含量为95%以上,成分稳定。
将上述所得的磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物与高岭土、钾长石、石英砂、白硼钙石、氧化锂、木节土、腐殖酸钠、甲基纤维素以重量百分比为45~60:10~15:8~13:8~12:3~5:2~4:2~3:1~2:1~2,以重量%计,混合均匀,得到坯料原料,其中,过添加氧化锂,改善了骨质瓷的热抗振性,添加木节土,提高骨质瓷的可塑性,添加白硼钙石,作为钙源补充物,防止原料在制备过程中钙的流失,腐植酸钠和甲基纤维素的添加可以提高坯料的可塑性。
坯体的制备:
将上述坯料原料放入三级球磨机中,按料:锆球:水的质量比为1:2:0.5混合搅拌,三级球磨机中的锆球按大、中、小分级划分为50mm、66mm和80mm,球磨6h,球磨结束后得到颗粒更加均匀的球磨混合物,粉体特性为:<2µm颗粒约占30%,<5µm颗粒约占80%,<10µm颗粒约占95%,中值粒径(D50)=3.6µm,再经泥井混合,过筛3次,磁选除铁3次,将除铁后的球磨混合物在室温下陈腐3~4次,以20MP压滤,得到滤饼,并把滤饼放入模具中压制成型,脱模,收集脱模物,得到坯体。
骨质瓷制备:
将所得坯体放入烧结炉中进行二次烧结,其中素烧温度为1240~1290℃,釉烧温度1100~1300℃,烧结3h,再进行抛光、吹尘,即得到骨质瓷;由于所含氢离子的进一步降低,使之与天然骨碳更加相近,所生产的骨质瓷白度达到92%,高于天然骨碳的骨质瓷,抗弯曲强度达到140~145MPa,热稳定性240~20℃,一次不裂。
上述实施例为本发明申请人针对现有技术存在的诸多缺点,经过大量试验得到的较佳实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)坯料原料
S1:贝壳清洗后,粉碎机粉碎成355~400目数的粉体,该粉体经高温煅烧,得到氧化钙混合物;
S2:氧化钙混合物与氢氧化钙和磷酸以一定比例混合,加水充分反应,干燥,再经高温煅烧,制成磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物;
S3:加入高岭土、石英砂、钾长石、白硼钙石、氧化锂、木节土、腐植酸钠、甲基纤维素混合均匀,得到坯料原料;
(2)坯体制备
将上述坯料原料放入球磨机中,按料、球和水的质量比1:2:0.5,向球磨机中加入钢球和水进行球磨,得球磨混合物,再经泥井混合,过筛,磁选除铁,将除铁后的球磨混合物在室温下陈腐,压滤,得到滤饼,并把滤饼放入模具中压制成型,脱模,收集脱模物,得到坯体;
(3)骨质瓷制备
将上述步骤得到的坯体放入烧结炉中进行烧结,其中素烧温度为1240~1290℃,釉烧温度1100~1300℃,再进行抛光、吹尘,即得到骨质瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,贝壳选自珍珠贝壳,牡蛎贝壳和蚌贝壳,在1400~1600℃的高温下煅烧,得到氧化钙混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,所述氧化钙混合物与氢氧化钙和磷酸以摩尔比为2:1:1.5的比例,加水充分反应,完全干燥后,经高温炉煅烧1180~1200℃,制成磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中, 所述磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙混合物与高岭土、钾长石、石英砂、白硼钙石、氧化锂、木节土、腐殖酸钠、甲基纤维素以重量百分比为45~60:10~15:8~13:8~12:3~5:2~4:2~3:1~2:1~2,以重量%计,混合均匀,得到坯料原料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,所述坯体制备步骤中,将所述坯料原料放入三级球磨机中,按料:锆球:水的质量比为1:2:0.5混合搅拌,三级球磨机中的锆球按大、中、小分级划分为50mm、66mm和80mm,球磨6h,球磨结束后得到球磨混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用合成骨炭制作骨质瓷的生产方法,其特征在于,所述骨质瓷制备步骤中,所述坯体放入烧结炉中进行二次烧结,其中素烧温度为1240~1290℃,釉烧温度1100~1300℃,烧结3h。
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