CN1084295C - 制备硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

制备硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN1084295C
CN1084295C CN97120852A CN97120852A CN1084295C CN 1084295 C CN1084295 C CN 1084295C CN 97120852 A CN97120852 A CN 97120852A CN 97120852 A CN97120852 A CN 97120852A CN 1084295 C CN1084295 C CN 1084295C
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Abstract

一种制备超细硅酸铝盐粒的方法,此方法包括以下步骤:将氯化铝溶液与水玻璃混和形成一种硅酸铝凝胶,将氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁悬浮液加入到上述硅酸铝凝胶中形成硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐,通过加热和搅拌老化上述硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐,通过加入盐酸中和铝酸钠溶液与水玻璃的混合物以形成另一种硅酸铝凝胶,然后将所述的另一种硅酸铝凝胶与老化的硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐混和,并同时加热和搅拌所得混合物。

Description

制备硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法
本发明涉及一种制备硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法,具体地说,涉及一种制备具有较高BET表面积和吸油力的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法。
现实中需要大量的具有较高BET表面积、吸油性和吸水性的粉末作为潮解物质,例如食盐、化肥、农用化学品、杀虫剂载体、以及保温材料的防固结剂。另外,对此类具有较高表面积和较低二次附聚亲和性的粉末的需求快速增长,以用作包括橡胶,塑料,油漆,和油墨等多种材料的填料。
上述术语“吸油力”是指粉末状样品吸收大量油(如亚麻子油)后,仍保持粉末状态的能力。
硅酸酐(二氧化硅),硅酸,硅酸钙,和合成碳酸钙在工业领域中主要被用作具有较高BET表面积和吸油性的无机粉末。
硅酸酐可通过一种所谓的干法制备,此方法可被分成“火焰法”和“电弧法”。在火焰法中,硅酸酐可以通过用氢氧焰分解卤化硅化合物,或通过热分解有机硅化合物而制备。典型的热分解过程的反应方程式如下:
            
           
在电弧法中,先通过电弧还原二氧化硅与焦炭的混和物,然后氧化。
硅酸可以通过所谓的湿法制备,在此方法中用酸或者铵盐分解硅酸钠,或用酸分解由硅酸钠产生的碱土金属盐。另外,有一种所谓的有机凝胶法,在此方法中,一种二氧化硅有机凝胶在高压釜中转化成气凝胶。典型的反应平衡式如下:
        
硅酸钙可以通过所谓的湿法制备,在此方法中硅酸和石灰浆在存在高压蒸汽的条件下进行反应,此过程中压力范围在4-14Kg/cm2.。典型的反应平衡式如下:
      
硅酸钙通常通过常规方法获得,在此方法中硅化合物与氢氧化钙在高压釜中进行反应,依照其晶体构型分解成雪硅钙石和硬硅钙石。雪硅钙石与硬硅钙石硅酸钙可以分别在压力为4-14Kg/cm2、反应时间为8-12小时和压力为14-20Kg/cm2、反应时间为8-12小时的条件下制备。由于其相对较低的BET表面积和吸油性,这些硅酸钙粉末主要被用作保温材料。
G.Flemmert的US4,572,827中描述了一种通过在蒸汽相中由氟化硅与水蒸汽、可燃气体和含游离氧气体在火焰反应区进行反应,形成夹带在气相反应混合物中的氟化氢和二氧化硅,并快速将该气相反应混合物和被夹带的二氧化硅冷却到700℃以下来制备二氧化硅细粉。
S.Eimaeda等人的US4,790,486中公开了一种通过用硫酸中和硅酸钠以制备粒径为1-30μm颗粒所占比例至少为80%,而粒径至少为70μm颗粒比例不高于0.4%的细微粒的方法。
C.W.Cain Jr.等人的US4,629,508中涉及一种水合硅酸钙的制备方法,此方法包括在存在高压饱和蒸汽的情况下使含有氢氧化钙的水基浆料、作为硅源的珍珠石,和可溶性钙盐进行反应,然后加入冷却水,接着以通风方式将反应容器降至环境压力。
因此,本发明目的之一在于提供一种制备具有较高BET表面积和吸油性的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种制备具有较高防固结性质的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法,在诸如食盐,化肥,杀虫剂载体,和保温材料等产品中均需要该盐颗粒。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种制备适合用作橡胶,塑料,油漆和油墨等之填料的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种常压下制备超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法,这种方法是经济的。
因此,用来制备具有400-500m2/g的BET表面积和400-600ml/100g的吸油力的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法包括以下步骤:将氯化铝溶液与可溶性含硅酸物质进行混和形成硅酸铝凝胶,将氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁悬浮液加入到上述硅酸铝凝胶中形成硅酸铝的钙和镁盐,通过加热和搅拌老化所得含上述硅酸铝的钙和镁盐的混合物,加入盐酸中和铝酸钠溶液与含硅酸物质的混合物形成硅酸铝凝胶,并且将上述中和步骤所得硅酸铝凝胶和老化的硅酸铝的钙和镁盐混合,且连续加热并搅拌所得混合物。
下面将对本发明进行更为详尽的说明。
在第一步中,将一种按Al2O3计浓度为3-8%(重量)、温度为40-80℃的氯化铝溶液加入到可溶性含硅酸的物质中,例如浓度为3-8%(重量)且温度为40-80℃的水玻璃,以使Al2O3与SiO2的摩尔比在0.1-1.0/1的范围内。将该混合物搅拌30-60分钟以形成硅酸铝凝胶。
在第二步中,将浓度为3-8%(重量)、温度为40-80℃的氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁悬浮液加入到硅酸铝凝胶中,搅拌所得混合物30-60分钟以形成硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐,其中SiO2+Al2O3与CaO+MgO的摩尔比在0.5-1.5/1的范围内,且MgO与CaO的摩尔比在0.1-0.5/1的范围内。然后通过将硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐加热到80-95℃并搅拌1-2小时使其老化。
在第三步中,将浓度为3-8%(重量)、温度为40-80℃的水玻璃与浓度为3-8%(重量)、温度为40-80℃的铝酸钠溶液混和。通过将加入盐酸中和所得的混合物,形成硅酸铝凝胶。其后将该硅酸铝凝胶加入到硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐中。将混合物搅拌30-60分钟以制备超细硅酸铝盐颗粒,其中SiO2+Al2O3与CaO+MgO,Al2O3与SiO2,和MgO与CaO的摩尔比分别在1.5-3.5/1,0.1-1.0/1,和0.1-0.5/1范围内。
在第四步中,清洗,脱水,干燥和粉碎硅酸铝盐颗粒获得干燥产品。
根据上述四个步骤,生产出具有BET表面积为400-500m2/g和吸油力为400-600ml/100g的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒。
为了更好地理解本发明,下面给出实施例和对比例。
实施例1
将按Al2O3计浓度为4%(重量)、温度为50℃的氯化铝溶液加入到浓度为4%(重量)、温度为50℃的三号水玻璃中,使得Al2O3与SiO2的摩尔比为0.2/1。将该混合物搅拌40分钟以形成硅酸铝凝胶。将浓度为4%(重量)、温度为50℃的氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁悬浮液加入到硅酸铝凝胶中,并搅拌所得混合物40分钟以形成硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐,其中MgO与CaO的摩尔比为0.3/1。然后,将硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐加热至90℃的温度,使之老化,同时持续搅拌1.5小时。
将浓度为4%(重量)、温度为50℃的三号水玻璃与按Al2O3计浓度为4%(重量)、温度为50℃的铝酸钠溶液混和。加入盐酸中和使所得混合物以便形成硅酸铝凝胶。然后将此硅酸铝凝胶加入到老化的硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐中。搅拌该混合物40分钟以制备超细硅酸铝盐颗粒,其中SiO2+Al2O3与CaO+MgO的摩尔比为2.0/1。清洗,脱水,干燥和粉碎硅酸铝盐颗粒获得具有450m2/gBET表面积和500ml/100g吸油力的干燥产品。
实施例2-5和比较例1-6
实施例和比较例的详细实验条件在表1中给出。
                  表1
实施例                                 第一次反应                     第二次反应       特性
     水玻璃    AlCl3 AlCl3/SiO2    碱士金属氢氧化物Ca(OH)2  Mg(OH)2  MgO/CaO        老化  SiO2+Al2O3/CaO+MgO     水玻璃      铝酸钠     HCl  SiO2+Al2O3/CaO+MgO  BET  吸油力
T℃ C%  T℃  C%  摩尔比   T℃   C%   T℃   C%  摩尔比  T℃  Tm.小时  摩尔比  T℃  C%  T℃  C%  T℃  C%  摩尔比  m2/g  ml/100g
40-80 3-9  40-80  3-8  0.1-1.0/1   40-80   3-8   40-80   3-8  0.1-0.5/1  80-95  1-2  0.5-1.5/1  40-80  3-8  40-80  3-8  40-80  3-8  1.5-3.5/1  400-500  400-600
12345 50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  0.8/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  450  500
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  0.5/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  400  400
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  1.5/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  500  600
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.1/1  90  1.5  0.8/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  470  480
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.5/1  90  1.5  0.8/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  460  460
123456 50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  0.3/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  1.3/1  380  370
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  2.0/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  3.5/1  350  350
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  0.8/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  4.0/1  390  380
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.3/1  90  1.5  0.3/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  1.0/1  230  220
50  4  50  4  0.2/1   50   4   50   4  0.8/1  90  1.5  0.8/1  50  4  50  4  50  4  2.0/1  370  380
    用传统方法制备的硅酸钙(雪硅钙石)4kg/10小时  120  130
下面六行为对比例
在表2中对按本发明获得的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒产品与用传统方法获得的产品加以比较。
                           表2
               BET表面积(m2/g)  吸油力(ml/100g)硅酸酐             130-380           270-360硅酸               100-300           150-300硅酸钙              80-150           100-200胶体碳酸钙              15-100             20-40本发明的产品       400-500           400-600
上文明显表明根据本发明的方法可以提供具有较大BET表面积和吸油力的超细硅酸铝盐颗粒。
通过本发明的方法生产的超细硅酸铝盐粒具有良好的防固结特性,这正是如食盐,液体化肥,杀虫剂的载体和保温材料等产品所需要的。另外,它们也可用作橡胶,塑料,油漆和油墨的填料。

Claims (4)

1.一种制备具有400-500m2/g BET表面积和400-600ml/100g吸油力的硅酸铝盐颗粒的方法,此方法包含以下步骤:
将氯化铝溶液与可溶性含硅酸物质混和形成硅酸铝凝胶;
将氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁悬浮液加入到上述硅酸铝凝胶中形成硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐;
通过加热和搅拌使所得含上述硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐的混合物老化;
加入盐酸中和铝酸钠溶液与可溶性含硅酸物质的混合物以形成硅酸铝凝胶;
将上述中和步骤所得的硅酸铝凝胶与上述老化的硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐混和,加热和搅拌所得混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述可溶性含硅酸物质为水玻璃。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在所说的硅酸铝的钙盐和镁盐中SiO2+Al2O3与CaO+MgO的摩尔比为0.5-1.5/1。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在所述硅酸铝盐中SiO2+Al2O3与CaO+MgO、Al2O3与SiO2以及MgO与CaO的摩尔比分别在1.5-3.5/1,0.1-1.0/1和0.1-0.5/1的范围内。
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CN108212075B (zh) * 2018-01-19 2020-11-27 临沂三禾生物质科技有限公司 一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法
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