CN108212075B - 一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,依次加入铝盐和锌盐,升温至50~60℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,搅拌反应后降温,得到反应浆液;调节反应浆液的pH值至8~9,离心脱水得到滤饼,烘干,即得可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料;本发明的可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法得到的产品为硅酸盐类复合材料,是具有纳米特性的白色超细粉体,比重小,比表面积大,孔隙率高,孔容大,吸附性强;所合成的产品颗粒表面及内部孔穴发达,内部丰富发达的中孔和微孔可固着有害气体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米吸附材料技术领域,具体说是一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法。
背景技术
甲醛对人体健康危害巨大,是众多疾病的主要诱因。近几年来,随着经济和社会发展水平的不断提高及人们环保意识的不断增强,甲醛污染越来越受到重视。为减少甲醛污染对人体健康的影响,市场上出现了各种类型的甲醛处理剂,比较有代表性的是活性炭及各种矿物基甲醛吸附材料。总的来说,这些材料对甲醛吸附均有一定效果,但效果参差不齐。此外,无论对活性炭还是矿物粉体材料来说,其生产原料均为天然形成,各项性能和指标不可控,即使通过改性处理可实现对某些指标的优化和调整,但调控范围受限,成本也比较高。另外,传统吸附材料无法实现对所吸附甲醛的分解,吸附饱和后即失去吸附功能,如果不及时处理,反而会在一定条件下缓慢释放,形成二次污染。因此,开发性能可控的具备甲醛吸附和降解功能的新型材料具有重要现实意义。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法。
本发明为实现上述目的,通过以下技术方案实现:
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝盐和锌盐,搅拌均匀升温至50~60℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在50~60℃下搅拌反应40~50分钟后降温至20~30℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.05~0.1:0.05~0.5:100~300:0.2~0.7;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的5~30%;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在60~80℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
优选的,所述铝盐为铝酸钠或/和硫酸铝。
优选的,所述锌盐为氯化锌、硝酸锌或硫酸锌中的一种或两种。
优选的,活性氧化铝的平均粒径≤2μm。
优选的,所述弱酸为柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸或乙二酸。
优选的,硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%。
优选的,所述铝盐为铝酸钠。
优选的,所述锌盐为硝酸锌。
优选的,所述弱酸为乙酸。
优选的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝酸钠和硝酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至55℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在55℃下搅拌反应45分钟后降温至25℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝酸钠、硝酸锌、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入乙酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在70℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明的可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法得到的产品为硅酸盐类复合材料,主要化学成分为CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和ZnO;是具有纳米特性的白色超细粉体,粉体颗粒直径为10-20μm,比重小,比表面积大,数值为500-600m2/kg,孔隙率高,数值为90-95%,孔容大,数值为0.5-0.8cm3/kg,吸附性强;所合成的产品颗粒表面及内部孔穴发达,并且组成硅酸钙的片状体在厚度方向上达到纳米尺寸,仅为5~20nm,其特殊的结构赋予其卓越的吸附性能,颗粒表面的大孔使其能够迅速捕捉有害气体,内部丰富发达的中孔和微孔可固着有害气体;
本发明所得的可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料具有很强的纳米光催化特性,这是由于在制备工艺中可溶性锌盐将纳米氧化锌通过原位沉降法负载于硅酸钙表面,由于纳米氧化锌是一种性能优良的光催化材料,因此赋予了本产品的光催化性能,能够对所吸附的甲醛等有害气体进行光催化降解;产品本身无毒,不含有害化学物质,通过生产工艺控制、改性或加工处理可得到具备不同功能特性的产品,是一种极具发展潜力的绿色环保吸附材料;
本发明解决传统甲醛处理剂只吸附不降解及使用周期短的问题,开发出了一种新型多孔纳米材料,能够实现甲醛的吸附和降解一体化,不会造成二次污染,为相关行业提供了一种新型功能材料,填补了行业空白。本发明操作简单、灵活,并且产品不需要洗涤处理,避免了水的利用和生产中的污水排放和处理,对设备要求也相对较低,可操作性较强,易于产业化推广采用。
附图说明
图1为实施例4所得的新型多孔纳米材料的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例5所得的新型多孔纳米材料的扫描电镜图;
图3为组成实施例5新型多孔纳米材料的部分片状体的透射电子显微镜的图;
图4为组成实施例5新型多孔纳米材料的部分片状体的高分辨透射电子显微镜的图;图5为对实施例1~3所得新型多孔纳米材料的BJH模型得到的孔尺寸分布图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,通过以下技术方案实现:
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝盐和锌盐,搅拌均匀升温至50~60℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在50~60℃下搅拌反应40~50分钟后降温至20~30℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.05~0.1:0.05~0.5:100~300:0.2~0.7;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的5~30%;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在60~80℃下烘干,含水率一般为5~10%,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
优选的,所述铝盐为铝酸钠或/和硫酸铝。
优选的,所述锌盐为氯化锌、硝酸锌或硫酸锌中的一种或两种。
优选的,活性氧化铝的平均粒径≤2μm。
优选的,所述弱酸为柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸或乙二酸。
优选的,硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%。
优选的,所述铝盐为铝酸钠。
优选的,所述锌盐为硝酸锌。
优选的,所述弱酸为乙酸。
优选的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝酸钠和硝酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至55℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在55℃下搅拌反应45分钟后降温至25℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝酸钠、硝酸锌、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入乙酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在70℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
本发明使用的活性氧化铝,又名活性矾土,英文名称为Activated Alumina或Reactive alumina;activated alumin(i)um oxide。在催化剂中使用氧化铝的通常专称为"活性氧化铝",它是一种多孔性、高分散度的固体材料,有很大的表面积,其微孔表面具备催化作用所要求的特性,如吸附性能、表面活性、优良的热稳定性等,所以被广泛地用作化学反应的催化剂和催化剂载体。球形活性氧化铝变压油吸附剂为白色球状多孔性颗粒,活性氧化铝粒度均匀,表面光滑,机械强度大,吸湿性强,吸水后不胀不裂保持原状,无毒、无嗅、不溶于水、乙醇。活性氧化铝是一种微量水深度干燥的高效干燥剂。
以下结合具体实施例来对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入284kg硅酸钠和1800kg水,在搅拌下依次加入4.10kg铝酸钠和6.8kg氯化锌,搅拌均匀升温至50℃,然后向其中加入14.8kg石灰乳和14.94kg晶种,在50℃下搅拌反应40分钟后降温至20℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在60℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
实施例2
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入284kg硅酸钠和5400mol水,在搅拌下依次加入3.28kg铝酸钠、20.5kg硫酸铝和148.7kg硝酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至60℃,然后向其中加入51.8kg石灰乳和100.74kg晶种,在60℃下搅拌反应50分钟后降温至30℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在80℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
实施例3
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入284kg硅酸钠和2700kg水,在搅拌下依次加入27.39kg硫酸铝和48.3kg硫酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至54℃,然后向其中加入29.6kg石灰乳和31.36kg晶种,在54℃下搅拌反应46分钟后降温至24℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8.5,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在75℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
实施例4
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入284kg硅酸钠和4500kg水,在搅拌下依次加入2.46kg铝酸钠,10.27kg硫酸铝和27.26kg氯化锌和32.2kg硫酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至56℃,然后向其中加入37kg石灰乳和48.15kg晶种,在52℃下搅拌反应42分钟后降温至22℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8.5,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在65℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料,其扫描电镜的图片如图1所示。
由图1可以看出,实施例4的工艺合成的新型多孔纳米材料具有发达的空隙结构,并且组成新型多孔纳米材料的片状体在厚度方向上达到纳米尺寸,在5~20nm之间,该材料属于介孔材料,具有比现有的硅酸钙产品更强的吸附甲醛的能力。
实施例5
一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入284kg硅酸钠和3600kg水,在搅拌下依次加入4.92kg铝酸钠和29.75kg硝酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至55℃,然后向其中加入44.4kg石灰乳和65.68kg晶种,在55℃下搅拌反应45分钟后降温至25℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入乙酸至pH值为8.5,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在70℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料,其扫描电镜的图片如图2所示,透射电镜图片。
由图2可以看出,实施例5的工艺合成的新型多孔纳米材料具有发达的空隙结构,并且组成新型多孔纳米材料的片状体在厚度方向上达到纳米尺寸,在5~20nm之间,如图3所示部分片状体的透射电子显微镜的图,也可以看出该材料属于介孔材料,具有比现有的硅酸钙产品更强的吸附甲醛的能力;如图4所示部分片状体的高分辨透射电子显微镜的图,可以看出其二维状形貌的样品由细小的纳米晶体颗粒组成,片层内存在大小不均一的孔隙,进一步增加了其吸附甲醛的能力。
图5为实施例1~3所得新型多孔纳米材料的BJH模型得到的孔尺寸分布,可以看出图中实施例2的样品对应孔的尺寸分布最宽,并且平均孔的直径最小,为20.6495nm。
实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料的结构检测数据如表1所示,可以看出本发明的制备方法所得的新型多孔纳米材料的比表面积大,孔隙率高,孔容大。
表1实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料的结构检测数据表
比表面积/m<sup>2</sup>/kg | 孔隙率/% | 孔容/cm<sup>3</sup>/kg | |
实施例1 | 505 | 90 | 0.51 |
实施例2 | 510 | 91 | 0.54 |
实施例3 | 528 | 92 | 0.62 |
实施例4 | 582 | 94 | 0.68 |
实施例5 | 592 | 94 | 0.78 |
实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料对甲醛和TVOC进行吸附净化,QB/T 2761-2006室内空气净化产品净化效果测定方法,其甲醛净化效率和TVOC净化效率结果如表2所示,可以看出甲醛净化效率均在93%以上,TVOC净化效率均在77%以上,具有很好的吸附净化有害气体的作用。
表2实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料对甲醛和TVOC的吸附净化结果表
对实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料的光催化性能进行测试:依据GB/T23761-2009《光催化空气净化材料性能测试方法》和GB/T 23762-2009《光催化材料水溶液体系净化性能测试方法》分别对乙醛光催化去除率和亚甲基蓝光催化去除率进行测试,结果见表3,由表3的数据可以看出本发明得到的新型多孔纳米材料具有良好的光催化性能。
表3实施例1~5所得新型多孔纳米材料的光催化性能结果表
亚甲基蓝光催化去除率,% | 乙醛光催化去除率,% | |
实施例1 | 93.1 | 83.5 |
实施例2 | 93.2 | 84.2 |
实施例3 | 94.1 | 86.8 |
实施例4 | 95.4 | 87.2 |
实施例5 | 95.5 | 87.6 |
Claims (9)
1.一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝盐和锌盐,搅拌均匀升温至50~60℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在50~60℃下搅拌反应40~50分钟后降温至20~30℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.05~0.1:0.05~0.5:100~300:0.2~0.7;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的5~30%;
所述铝盐为铝酸钠或/和硫酸铝;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入弱酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在60~80℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述锌盐为氯化锌、硝酸锌或硫酸锌中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:活性氧化铝的平均粒径≤2μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述弱酸为柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸或乙二酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:硅酸钠、铝盐、锌盐、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铝盐为铝酸钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述锌盐为硝酸锌。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述弱酸为乙酸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
①向反应釜中加入硅酸钠和水,在搅拌下依次加入铝酸钠和硝酸锌,搅拌均匀升温至55℃,然后向其中加入石灰乳和晶种,在55℃下搅拌反应45分钟后降温至25℃,得到反应浆液;所述晶种为活性氧化铝;其中硅酸钠、铝酸钠、硝酸锌、水和石灰乳的加入量以摩尔比计为1:0.06:0.1:200:0.6;晶种的加入质量为石灰乳和硅酸钠质量和的20%;
②向步骤①所得反应浆液中加入乙酸至pH值为8~9,然后离心脱水至含水率将至60%以下,得到滤饼,将所得滤饼在70℃下烘干,得到可高效吸附并催化降解甲醛的新型多孔纳米材料。
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