CN108410221A - 自清洁的涂层 - Google Patents

自清洁的涂层 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108410221A
CN108410221A CN201810364723.8A CN201810364723A CN108410221A CN 108410221 A CN108410221 A CN 108410221A CN 201810364723 A CN201810364723 A CN 201810364723A CN 108410221 A CN108410221 A CN 108410221A
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China
Prior art keywords
self
oxide
cleaning coating
cleaning
coating
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Pending
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CN201810364723.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
刘峰
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201810364723.8A priority Critical patent/CN108410221A/zh
Publication of CN108410221A publication Critical patent/CN108410221A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/113109 priority patent/WO2019205551A1/zh
Priority to CN201880004160.XA priority patent/CN110896638B/zh
Priority to US17/049,546 priority patent/US20210324573A1/en
Priority to EP18916780.2A priority patent/EP3786237A4/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
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    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
    • A47G27/02—Carpets; Stair runners; Bedside rugs; Foot mats
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/0615—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with transition metals other than titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
    • C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
    • C01G23/0532—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing sulfate-containing salts
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    • C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
    • C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
    • C01G23/0536—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing chloride-containing salts
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    • C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
    • C01G25/02—Oxides
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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
    • C03C17/256—Coating containing TiO2
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    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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    • C09D5/1687—Use of special additives
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
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    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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    • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自清洁的涂层，所述的涂层由一种或多种涂层一次性或分多次复合形成，所述的涂层至少包括以下三种物质：a）亲水性材料；b）疏水性材料；c）多孔性材料；d）光催化性材料；e）抗静电性材料。本发明主要为复合3种以上特定物理性能的功能材料，利用一次或多次复合形成自清洁表面从而形成环保的自清洁表面，这种表面可以由涂层构成，也可以由化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积法按照所述关键原理进行构造。本发明通过创新的物理化学设计整合多种物理化学表面特性，该构造方法可以制造出优于市售普通自清洁涂料等的先进自清洁表面。

Description

自清洁的涂层
技术领域
本发明涉及自清洁领域，尤其涉及一种自清洁的涂层。
背景技术
目前，世界各国就自清洁、防污表面的研究工作逐渐增多，其中超疏水或者超亲水技术是一种典型的自清洁技术，其典型物质有（氧化锌，氧化硅，氧化钛，氧化钨、氟硅烷）。也有利用光催化技术其典型代表有（氧化钛，氧化钨，硫化镉，钙钛矿等）进行环境净化有其独有的优势，对于高低浓度的物质都有稳定的效果，并且对环境友好，对人体无害，可以有效分解空气中的VOCs，NOx等污染物。也有采用表面复合导电材料的方法减低表面静电集聚效果形成不易积灰表面，比如纳米银纤维等。也有利用超疏水性能制造自清洁表面的，起典型应用如 氟硅烷，氟树脂，PVDF，PTFE 表面。
目前广泛限制应用的主要还是其实际应用性能问题。自然环境的特点决定了污染不是单一的，而是复合多变的，实验室模拟的测试条件永远是不足的，所以上述技术在使用时都会面临局限性。
a)单独超亲水技术在实际应用中经常会被空气中有机物形成的沉积物污染，导致亲水性随着时间推移消失。
b)单独超疏水技术除了在受到上述有机物污染影响外，由于超疏水会在表面形成微米或者纳米级的峰-谷粗糙结构，一旦空气中的超细污染物（比如来自于汽车尾气的超细碳粒） 嵌入峰-谷结构，而由于疏水特性，其颗粒无法被水冲洗行程表面污垢。
c)单独光催化表面可以分解油性的有机污染物，但是无法对无机污染物，比如上述的碳粒，灰尘，砂砾形成作用。
d)多孔表面可以在表面引入空气，提高表面通透度，降低折光率，同时由于微量空气存在表面灰尘不易粘附，但是如果空气中含有油性的有机污染物非常容易污染多孔表面。
e)抗静电表面可以让灰尘不容易因为静电因素累计在物体表面，但是即便是效率达到90%以上，随着时间推移灰尘无法有效清洁最终会导致表面失效，在复合污染和高污染地区，这类自洁表面寿命非常短。
发明内容
本发明的目的：提供一种自清洁的涂层，采用复合多种基础表面物理化学特性的方法，其在性能和寿命大大提高。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种自清洁的涂层，所述的涂层由一种或多种涂层一次性或分多次复合形成，所述的涂层至少包括以下三种物质：
a）亲水性材料；
b）疏水性材料；
c）多孔性材料；
d）光催化性材料；
e）抗静电性材料。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的涂层必须同时含有c）、d）、e)材料，且至少含有a）材料或b）材料中的一种。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的亲水性材料包括氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅或氧化钨。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的亲水性材料的水接触角<20度。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的疏水性材料包括硅烷、氟硅烷、有机硅树脂、氟树脂或LDPE。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的疏水性材料的水接触角>110度。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的多孔性材料包括氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化钨、碳纳米管、银纳米线、LDPE、氧化铝或氧化锌。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的多孔性材料的孔隙率占整体表面材料的20%以上。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的光催化性材料包括氧化钛、氧化钨、硫化镉、钙钛矿、氧化锌、锌、铜、稀土元素、银、铂或金。
上述的自清洁的涂层，其中，所述的抗静电性材料氧化钛、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化铝、稀土元素、铜、银、铂或金。
本发明主要为复合3种以上特定物理性能的功能材料，利用一次或多次复合形成自清洁表面从而形成环保的自清洁表面，这种表面可以由涂层构成，也可以由化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积法按照所述关键原理进行构造。本发明通过创新的物理化学设计整合多种物理化学表面特性，该构造方法可以制造出优于市售普通自清洁涂料等的先进自清洁表面。
具体实施方式
一种自清洁的涂层，所述的涂层由一种或多种涂层一次性或分多次复合形成，所述的涂层至少包括以下三种物质：
a）亲水性材料，所述的亲水性材料包括氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅或氧化钨等；
b）疏水性材料，所述的疏水性材料包括硅烷、氟硅烷、有机硅树脂、氟树脂或LDPE等；
c）多孔性材料，所述的多孔性材料包括氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化钨、碳纳米管、银纳米线、LDPE、氧化铝或氧化锌等；
d）光催化性材料，所述的光催化性材料包括氧化钛、氧化钨、硫化镉、钙钛矿、氧化锌、锌、铜、稀土元素、银、铂或金等；
e）抗静电性材料，所述的抗静电性材料氧化钛、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化铝、稀土元素、铜、银、铂或金等。
所述的涂层必须同时含有c）、d）、e)材料，且至少含有a）材料或b）材料中的一种。
本发明采用至少3种技术表面技术复合的解决方案，并且有效的进行设计，使得其可以协同发挥作用，且表面必须含有光催化特性。
所述的亲水性材料的水接触角<20度。
所述的疏水性材料的水接触角>110度。
所述的多孔性材料的孔隙率占整体表面材料的20%以上。
实施例1：
所述的涂层由纳米二氧化钛、氧缺陷氧化钛、量子点二氧化钛构成，所述的纳米二氧化钛粒径<50nm，所述的量子点二氧化钛粒径<5nm。
其中部分二氧化钛为锐钛矿结构以提供光催化效果；氧缺陷氧化钛可以吸收部分蓝色波长光线，以便更好的在可见光下提供光催化和亲水性、可以由碳掺杂或者氮掺杂形成，或者其他阳离子掺杂形成；部分二氧化钛为非空间对称结构，其长宽比大于1，优选大于1.5，以便在表面堆积后形成多孔膜，同时有利于暴露出最多的表面断裂化学键提高亲水性和光催化性且上述多孔氧化钛结构有助于形成亲水性；上述多种不同尺寸形貌氧化钛联合形成多孔氧化钛配合空气可以形成抗静电表面。
实施例2：
所述的涂层由纳米二氧化钛、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化硅构成；所述的纳米二氧化钛粒径<50nm。
氧化硅以表面修饰的形态出现在二氧化钛表面； 其中部分二氧化钛为锐钛矿结构以提供光催化效果；氧缺陷氧化钛可以吸收部分蓝色波长光线，以便更好的在可见光下提供光催化和亲水性、可以由碳掺杂或者氮掺杂形成，或者其他阳离子掺杂形成；部分二氧化钛为非球体结构，类似立方体，提供较致密的表面涂层结构，同时利用立方体堆积间的空隙形成多孔结构。上述多孔氧化钛、氧化硅混合物有助于形成亲水性，上述多孔氧化钛、氧化硅混合物配合空气可以形成抗静电表面。
实施例3：
所述的涂层由氟硅烷、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化硅构成，所述的二氧化钛粒径<50nm。
氧化硅以表面修饰的形态出现在二氧化钛表面， 其中部分二氧化钛为锐钛矿结构以提供光催化效果；氧缺陷氧化钛可以吸收部分蓝色波长光线，以便更好的在可见光下提供光催化和亲水性、可以由碳掺杂或者氮掺杂、或者其他阳离子掺杂形成；部分二氧化钛为非球体结构，类似立方体，提供较致密的表面涂层结构，同时利用立方体堆积间的空隙形成多孔结构；氟硅烷在氧化钛多孔表面及基材表面连接后 提供超疏水性；上述多孔表面结构有助于提高疏水性性能；上述多孔氧化钛、氧化硅混合物配合空气可以形成抗静电表面。
实施例4：
所述的涂层由氟硅烷、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化硅、LDPE构成；所述的二氧化钛粒径<50nm。
氧化硅以表面修饰的形态出现在二氧化钛表面，其中部分二氧化钛为锐钛矿结构以提供光催化效果；氧缺陷氧化钛可以吸收部分蓝色波长光线，以便更好的在阳光下提供光催化和亲水性、可以由碳掺杂或者氮掺杂、或者其他阳离子掺杂形成；部分二氧化钛为非球体结构，类似立方体，提供较致密的表面涂层结构，同时利用立方体堆积间的空隙形成多孔结构。氟硅烷在氧化钛多孔表面及基材表面连接后可提供超疏水性；上述多孔表面结构配合表面改性可提高疏水性性能，形成空气泡强化疏水性能。上述多孔氧化钛、氧化硅混合物配合空气可以形成抗静电表面，LDPE作为一种颗粒间粘合剂同时提供一定的疏水性能。
实施例5：
所述的涂层由氧化硅、氧化钨、氧化钛构成；所述的二氧化钛粒径<50nm，所述的氧化钨粒径<100nm，所述的部分氧化硅粒径<50nm，所述的部分氧化硅粒径<20nm。
其中部分二氧化钛为锐钛矿结构以提供光催化效果；氧化钨因为其禁带更窄可以吸收部分蓝色波长光线，以便更好的在可见光下提供光催化功能。氧化硅颗粒为两种尺寸并且差距不小于2倍；氧化硅不同尺寸颗粒复合堆积可以形成富含多孔的表面结构；上述多孔表面结构有助于形成亲水性能，上述多孔表面结构配合空气填充有助于形成抗静电性能。
本发明可用于但不限于以下表面的自清洁处理：
i.玻璃（建筑、汽车、飞机等）
ii.金属（建筑、工业设备等）
iii.有涂料覆盖的金属表面（铝复合板、汽车表面）
iv.涂料覆盖的面（建筑墙面、木材表面等）
v.水泥、混凝土等
vi.天然石材（大理石、花岗岩、柠檬石）
vii.化学纤维（氨纶、涤纶、尼龙66、PET、PVC、PU、玻璃）
viii.天然纤维（棉、麻等）
ix.木材表面。
综上所述，本发明主要为复合3种以上特定物理性能的功能材料，利用一次或多次复合形成自清洁表面从而形成环保的自清洁表面，这种表面可以由涂层构成，也可以由化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积法按照所述关键原理进行构造。本发明通过创新的物理化学设计整合多种物理化学表面特性，该构造方法可以制造出优于市售普通自清洁涂料等的先进自清洁表面。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接或间接运用附属在其他相关产品的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的涂层由一种或多种涂层一次性或分多次复合形成，所述的涂层至少包括以下三种物质：
a)亲水性材料；
b)疏水性材料；
c)多孔性材料；
d)光催化性材料；
e)抗静电性材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的涂层必须同时含有c)、d)、e)材料，且至少含有a)材料或b)材料中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的亲水性材料包括氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅或氧化钨。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的亲水性材料的水接触角<20度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的疏水性材料包括硅烷、氟硅烷、有机硅树脂、氟树脂或LDPE。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的疏水性材料的水接触角>110度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的多孔性材料包括氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化钨、碳纳米管、银纳米线、LDPE、氧化铝或氧化锌。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的多孔性材料的孔隙率占整体表面材料的20％以上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的光催化性材料包括氧化钛、氧化钨、硫化镉、钙钛矿、氧化锌、锌、铜、稀土元素、银、铂或金。
10.根据权利要求1所述的自清洁的涂层，其特征在于：所述的抗静电性材料氧化钛、氧缺陷氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化铝、稀土元素、铜、银、铂或金。
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