CN108403848A - 一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)拣选;(2)高压冲洗,清洗药材表面灰土及杂质;(3)润制;通过水淋和/或浸泡和/或润透的方法,使药材质地变软;(4)将药材切制成片,制成饮片;(5)烘炒;将药材干燥后加入辅料,加热进行炒制,使药材熟化;(6)筛分色选,将饮片分为精片、选片和统片三种;(7)包装;将步骤(6)得到的三种饮片分别进行包装。本发明能够提高疗效,引药归经。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,特别涉及一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺。
背景技术
中药炮制是指在中医理论的指导下,按中医用药要求将中药材加工成中药饮片的传统方法和技术,古时又称“炮炙”、“修事”、“修治”。中药必须经过炮制之后才能入药,这是中医用药的一个特点,中药炮制是根据中医药理论,依据辨证施治用药的需要和药物自身性质以及调剂、制剂的不同要求所采取的一项制药技术。中药药性包括四气、五味、归经、升降浮沉、功能主治、毒性、配伍禁忌等内容,药物经炮制后,不仅可以提高药效、降低药物的毒副作用,而且方便存储,是中医临床用药的必备工序。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,能够提高疗效,引药归经。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)拣选;
(2)高压冲洗,清洗药材表面灰土及杂质;
(3)润制;通过水淋和/或浸泡和/或润透的方法,使药材质地变软;
(4)将药材进行切制,制成饮片;
(5)烘炒;将药材干燥后加入辅料,加热进行炒制,使药材熟化;
(6)筛分色选,将饮片分为精片、选片和统片三种;
(7)包装;将步骤(6)得到的三种饮片分别进行包装。
优选的,所述的药材包括地黄、牛膝、柴胡、防风、三七、黄精、白芍、山药、何首乌、白术和甘草。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明采取尊古炮炙与现代科学技术和工艺相结合,优化传统生产工艺和工艺流程,采用加压喷水清洗、真空互换蒸汽加压闷润、微波干燥、光电色选等先进技术,提高劳动效率和产品质量。本发明通过与辅料共同加热处理,改变药性,提高疗效,引药归经。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明的技术方案,现结合实例说明本发明的具体实施方式;
本实施例提供一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)拣选;
(2)高压冲洗,清洗药材表面灰土及杂质;
(3)润制;通过水淋和/或浸泡和/或润透的方法,使药材质地变软;
(4)将药材切制成片,制成饮片;
(5)烘炒;将药材干燥后加入辅料,加热进行炒制,使药材熟化;药材干燥步骤采用控温干燥,防止霉变,确保质量;
(6)筛分色选,将饮片分为精片、选片和统片三种;
(7)包装;将步骤(6)得到的三种饮片分别进行包装。本发明采用无毒副作用的包材,经无毒杀菌车间技术处理后进行包装。
本实施例的药材源自市场出售的农产品,一般都含有杂质,质量也不一样,所以需要拣选,色选是用现代颜色对比技术将不同颜色的物料分开,效率比人工选高,本发明采用光电色选技术,提高劳动效率和产品质量。洗润的目的是洗净药材上的灰土、提高药材的净度;润制是把水分滋润进药材内部使药材内部有充足的水分而软化,切制是通过机器或手工等方法将药材切制成片、丝、段、丁或块,增大与溶剂接触面积,缩短煎煮时间,便于调剂,提高疗效。
本发明的根茎类药材包括:地黄、牛膝、柴胡、防风、三七、黄精、白芍、山药、何首乌、白术、甘草等约200多种,是中药饮片中最大的一个种类。主要生产工艺为净制、润切、烘炒等,最后通过筛分色选,将饮片细分为精片、选片和统片。
辅料主要有盐、酒、醋等,盐炙下沉入肾,主要治疗下焦疾病;酒炙上升,主要治疗上焦疾病;醋炙收涩主要治疗中焦疾病。
上焦,指膈以上的胸部,包括心、肺两脏,以及头面部。上焦的生理特点是主气的宣发和升散,即宣发卫气,布散水谷精微和津液,以营养滋润全身。故其生理特点概括为“上焦如雾”。
中焦,指膈以下,脐以上的脘部,包括了脾胃和肝胆等脏腑。中焦具有消化、吸收,并输布水谷精微和化生血液的功能。故概括为“中焦如沤”。
下焦,指脐以下腹部,包括了小肠、大肠、肾、膀胱,以及女子胞、精室等脏腑和两下肢。下焦的功能是排泄糟粕和尿液。其生理特点,概括为“下焦如渎”。
具体药材添加的辅料及具体炒制方法(大火、中火、小火),按照祖方和《药典》的规定。药材的不同炒制后的形状也不同,不一一列举。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)拣选;
(2)高压冲洗,清洗药材表面灰土及杂质;
(3)润制;通过水淋和/或浸泡和/或润透的方法,使药材质地变软;
(4)将药材进行切制,制成饮片;
(5)烘炒;将药材干燥后加入辅料,加热进行炒制,使药材熟化;
(6)筛分色选,将饮片分为精片、选片和统片三种;
(7)包装;将步骤(6)得到的三种饮片分别进行包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种根茎类药材饮片的炮制工艺,其特征在于:所述的药材包括地黄、牛膝、柴胡、防风、三七、黄精、白芍、山药、何首乌、白术和甘草。
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Cited By (4)
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CN109846908A (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-07 | 亳州职业技术学院 | 一种药材生产加工多工艺预处理系统 |
CN110585258A (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽协和成药业饮片有限公司 | 白术饮片的制备方法 |
CN110664859A (zh) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-10 | 安徽戊庚中药饮片有限责任公司 | 一种基于中药饮片的炮制方法及其制备方法 |
CN110917226A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-27 | 宁夏明德中药饮片有限公司 | 一种北柴胡生产工艺 |
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CN103316091A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-25 | 安徽源和堂药业股份有限公司 | 一种制首乌饮片的加工方法 |
CN205949336U (zh) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 北京同仁堂(亳州)饮片有限责任公司 | 一种新型中药色选机 |
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CN103099830A (zh) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-15 | 康美药业股份有限公司 | 醋柴胡的炮制方法及其用途 |
CN103316091A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-25 | 安徽源和堂药业股份有限公司 | 一种制首乌饮片的加工方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109846908A (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-07 | 亳州职业技术学院 | 一种药材生产加工多工艺预处理系统 |
CN110585258A (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽协和成药业饮片有限公司 | 白术饮片的制备方法 |
CN110664859A (zh) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-10 | 安徽戊庚中药饮片有限责任公司 | 一种基于中药饮片的炮制方法及其制备方法 |
CN110917226A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-27 | 宁夏明德中药饮片有限公司 | 一种北柴胡生产工艺 |
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