CN105687915A - 一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物及其制备方法,中药组合物包括以下原料药材:黄花蒿、鸦胆子、金银花、大青叶、腐婢根、对节叶、连翘、马蹄根、柞树皮、老头草、余甘子、清风藤、旱芹、竹黄、虎杖、地菍、倒吊笔、木棉根、苦参、皂荚、香叶树、辟汗草、构树、川谷根、白杨树和杯菊。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物,可增强猪免疫力,治愈率高,不易复发,纯天然、无毒副作用,成本价格低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
猪弓形虫病是由刚第弓形虫引起的一种原虫病,又称弓形体病。弓形虫病是一种人畜共患病,宿主的种类十分广泛,人和动物的感染率都很高。据国外报道,人群的平均感染率为25%~50%,有人推算全世界约有至少5亿人感染弓形虫。猪暴发弓形虫病时可使整个猪场的猪只发病,死亡率高达60%以上。我国弓形虫感染和弓形虫病的分布十分广泛。经全国各地的调查,证实我国各地均有人和家畜弓形虫病。
临床症状:我国猪弓形虫病分布十分广泛,全国各地均有报道。且各地猪的发病率和病死率均很高,发病率可高达60%以上,病死率可高达64%。10~50kg的仔猪发病尤为严重。多呈急性经过。病猪突然废食,体温升高至41℃以上,稽留7~10天。呼吸急促,呈腹式或犬坐式呼吸;流清鼻涕;眼内出现浆液性或脓性分泌物。常出现便秘,呈粒状粪便,外附黏液,有的患猪在发病后期拉稀,尿呈橘黄色。少数发生呕吐。患猪精神沉郁,显著衰弱。发病后数日出现神经症状,后肢麻痹。随着病情的发展,在耳翼、鼻端、下肢、股内侧、下腹等处出现紫红斑或问有小点出血。有的病猪在耳壳上形成痂皮,耳尖发生干性坏死。最后因呼吸极度困难和体温急剧下降而死亡。孕猪常发生流产或死胎。有的发生视网膜脉络膜炎,甚至失明。有的病猪耐过急性期而转为慢性,外观症状消失,仅食欲和精神稍差,最后变为僵猪。
西医治疗猪弓形虫病,常用主要采用磺胺类药物治疗,毒性大,副作用大,由此而来的抗应激、抗疾病等生理功能和食肉质量(品质)已大大下降,而药物残留则不断升高。
中医药不仅具有西药的优势,并且治愈率高,无污染,可增强猪免疫力,治愈后不易复发,成本价格低廉。因此,中草药在治疗猪弓形虫病方面具有十分重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在于提供一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,能够克服现有技术中西药和中药的缺陷,不易复发,成本价格低廉,疗程较短,疗效较好,长期应用无耐药性,无药物残留。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿20-35重量份、鸦胆子3-7重量份、金银花23-38重量份、大青叶21-41重量份、腐婢根10-25重量份、对节叶11-27重量份、连翘23-40重量份、马蹄根9-18重量份、柞树皮12-24重量份、老头草7-15重量份、余甘子6-18重量份、清风藤11-23重量份、旱芹15-26重量份、竹黄6-15重量份、虎杖24-40重量份、地菍11-25重量份、倒吊笔8-14重量份、木棉根12-23重量份、苦参16-28重量份、皂荚5-11重量份、香叶树12-26重量份、辟汗草5-11重量份、构树13-24重量份、川谷根6-15重量份、白杨树12-26重量份和杯菊8-14重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿23-31重量份、鸦胆子4-6重量份、金银花26-34重量份、大青叶25-37重量份、腐婢根13-21重量份、对节叶15-23重量份、连翘27-35重量份、马蹄根11-15重量份、柞树皮15-20重量份、老头草9-12重量份、余甘子8-14重量份、清风藤14-20重量份、旱芹18-23重量份、竹黄8-12重量份、虎杖27-36重量份、地菍14-21重量份、倒吊笔9-13重量份、木棉根15-20重量份、苦参19-25重量份、皂荚7-9重量份、香叶树15-23重量份、辟汗草6-9重量份、构树16-21重量份、川谷根8-12重量份、白杨树15-22重量份和杯菊9-12重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿31重量份、鸦胆子5重量份、金银花26重量份、大青叶32重量份、腐婢根13重量份、对节叶23重量份、连翘35重量份、马蹄根11重量份、柞树皮18重量份、老头草9重量份、余甘子14重量份、清风藤18重量份、旱芹23重量份、竹黄12重量份、虎杖36重量份、地菍17重量份、倒吊笔9重量份、木棉根20重量份、苦参22重量份、皂荚7重量份、香叶树19重量份、辟汗草8重量份、构树16重量份、川谷根12重量份、白杨树22重量份和杯菊11重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿28重量份、鸦胆子4重量份、金银花34重量份、大青叶37重量份、腐婢根17重量份、对节叶15重量份、连翘27重量份、马蹄根13重量份、柞树皮15重量份、老头草10重量份、余甘子8重量份、清风藤14重量份、旱芹20重量份、竹黄8重量份、虎杖32重量份、地菍21重量份、倒吊笔13重量份、木棉根18重量份、苦参25重量份、皂荚8重量份、香叶树15重量份、辟汗草9重量份、构树18重量份、川谷根10重量份、白杨树18重量份和杯菊12重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿23重量份、鸦胆子6重量份、金银花30重量份、大青叶25重量份、腐婢根21重量份、对节叶18重量份、连翘32重量份、马蹄根15重量份、柞树皮20重量份、老头草12重量份、余甘子10重量份、清风藤20重量份、旱芹18重量份、竹黄10重量份、虎杖27重量份、地菍14重量份、倒吊笔11重量份、木棉根15重量份、苦参19重量份、皂荚9重量份、香叶树23重量份、辟汗草6重量份、构树21重量份、川谷根8重量份、白杨树15重量份和杯菊9重量份。
为了更好地实现发明目的,本发明还提供一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料二,所述混合粉料二的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料二10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
为了更好地实现发明目的,本发明还提供一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物能克服现有技术中的中药和西药的各种缺陷,提高患病猪的机体免疫力,疗程较短,疗效较好,治愈后不易复发,无耐药性,长期应用无耐药性,无药物残留,成本价格低廉。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,中药组合物包括以下原料药材:黄花蒿、鸦胆子、金银花、大青叶、腐婢根、对节叶、连翘、马蹄根、柞树皮、老头草、余甘子、清风藤、旱芹、竹黄、虎杖、地菍、倒吊笔、木棉根、苦参、皂荚、香叶树、辟汗草、构树、川谷根、白杨树和杯菊。
各原料药材的药理如下:
黄花蒿:别名臭蒿、草蒿,香丝草、酒饼草,马尿蒿、苦蒿,黄香蒿、黄蒿、野筒蒿,鸡虱草,秋蒿、香苦草、野苦草。为菊科植物黄花蒿的全草。秋季割取,晒干或切段晒干。辛苦,凉,无毒。清热解疟,驱风止痒。
鸦胆子:别名苦参子、老鸦胆。本品为苦木科植物鸦胆子的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收,除去杂质,晒干。苦,寒。归大肠、肝经。清热解毒,截疟,止痢,腐蚀赘疣。
金银花:别名银花、双花、二花、二宝花。本品为忍冬科植物忍冬、红腺忍冬、山银花或毛花柱忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。夏初花开放前采收,干燥。甘,寒。归肺、心、胃经。清热解毒,凉散风热。
大青叶:本品为十字花科植物菘蓝的干燥叶。夏、秋二季分2~3次采收,除去杂质,晒干。苦,寒。归心、胃经。清热解毒,凉血消斑。
腐婢根:为马鞭草科植物豆腐木的根。全年可采。苦微辛,凉。清热解毒。
对节叶:为爵应酬科植物翅柄马蓝的叶或根。味辛;性凉。心经。清热解毒;活血止痛。
连翘:别名连壳、黄花条、黄链条花、黄奇丹、青翘、落翘。本品为木犀科植物连翘的干燥果实。秋季果实初熟尚带绿色时采收,除去杂质,蒸熟,晒干,习称“青翘”;果实熟透时采收,晒干,除去杂质,习称“老翘”。苦,微寒。归肺、心、小肠经。清热解毒,消肿散结。
马蹄根:马蹄蕨。为莲座蕨科植物大莲座蕨的根状茎。全年可采,洗净、切片晒干。苦涩,寒。清热解毒,止血,祛湿利尿。
柞树皮:别名柞树、橡子树、青风栎、小叶槲树。壳斗科栎属植物蒙古栎的树皮,其叶也入药。春季剥皮,刮去外面粗皮,晒干生用或煅炭用;夏秋采叶,晒干备用。微苦、涩,平。清热利湿,解毒。
老头草:别名小矛香艾,老头艾。为菊科植物火绒草的全草。6~7月采,洗净,去残枝叶及根的外皮,晒干。微苦,寒。清热凉血,益肾利水。
余甘子:本品系藏族习用药材。为大戟科油柑属植物余甘子的干燥成熟果实。冬季至次春果实成熟时采收,除去杂质,干燥。甘、酸、涩、凉。归肺、胃经。清热凉血,消食健胃,生津止咳。
清风藤:别名青藤、寻风藤、一口两嘴、过山龙、牢钩刺、一个刺二个头。为清风藤科植物清风藤的茎叶或根。苦;辛;温。肝经。祛风利湿;活血解毒。
旱芹:别名芹菜,和兰鸭儿芹,香芹、蒲芹,药芹,野芹。为伞形科植物旱芹的全草。甘苦,凉。平肝清热,祛风利湿。
竹黄:别名淡竹黄、竹三七、血三七、竹参。真菌类子囊菌纲肉座科竹黄属真菌竹黄,以子座入药。全年可采,晒干。淡,平。祛风除湿,活血舒经,止咳。
虎杖:别名花斑竹、酸筒杆、酸汤梗、川筋龙、斑庄、斑杖根、大叶蛇总管、黄地榆。本品为蓼科植物虎杖,的干燥根茎和根。春、秋二季采挖,除去须根,洗净,趁鲜切短段或厚片,晒干。微苦,微寒。归肝、胆、肺经。祛风利湿,散瘀定痛,止咳化痰。
地菍:别名地茄子、地兰子、地石榴、铺地锦。为野牡丹科野牡丹属植物地菍,以全草或根入药。秋季采根或全草,洗净晒干。甘、涩,平。清热解毒,祛风利湿,补血止血。
倒吊笔:别名九龙木、墨柱根、章表根、苦常、土北芪、枝桐木、猪松木、细姑木、刀柄。夹竹桃科倒吊笔属植物倒吊笔,以根、根皮和叶入药。全年可采。根切片晒干。叶随用随采,或晒干。甘,平。祛风利湿,化痰散结。
木棉根:为木棉科植物木棉的根或根皮。味微苦;性凉。脾;胃经。祛风除湿;清热解毒;散结止痛。
苦参:别名野槐、好汉枝、苦骨、地骨、地槐、山槐子。本品为豆科植物苦参的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖,除去根头及小支根,洗净,干燥,或趁鲜切片,干燥。苦,寒。归心、肝、胃、大肠、膀胱经。清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿。
皂荚:别名鸡栖子,皂角,大皂荚,长皂荚,悬刀,长皂角,大皂角。为豆科植物皂荚的果实。秋季果实成热时采摘,晒干。辛,温。祛风痰,除湿毒,杀虫。
香叶树:别名冷青子、千金树,上冬青,小粘叶、臭油果。为樟科植物香叶树的树皮、叶。全年可采。树皮应刮去粗皮,晒干。涩微苦,温。祛风,散热,杀虫
辟汗草:别名野苜蓿、品川萩、菔萩,铁扫把,散血草,省头草、野长生果、鸡头花草,鸡虱子草,黄花草木犀,臭苜蓿、败毒草,香马料,真东刹里。为豆科植物草木犀的全草。花期收割全草,阴干。辛苦,凉。清热,解毒,化湿,杀虫。
构树:别名楮实子、楮树、沙纸树、谷木、谷浆树。桑科楮属植物构树,以乳液、根皮、树皮、叶、果实及种子入药。夏秋采乳液、叶、果实及种子;冬春采根皮、树皮,鲜用或阴干。甘,凉。清热,凉血,利湿,杀虫。
川谷根:别名尿珠子根、五谷子根、数珠子根、打碗子根、野薏米根。禾本科薏苡属植物川谷,以根及根状茎入药。秋季采收根部,晒干。甘、淡,微寒。清热,利湿,杀虫。
白杨树:别名响叶杨。为杨柳科植物团叶杨的皮及叶。秋季采集,鲜用或晒干。涩微苦,凉。清热解毒,消炎,利水,杀虫。
杯菊:别名小红蒿、红蒿枝。菊科杯菊,以全草入药。苦,凉。清热解毒,消炎止血,除湿利尿,杀虫。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1中药组合物1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,由以下重量的原料药材制成:黄花蒿31g、鸦胆子5g、金银花26g、大青叶32g、腐婢根13g、对节叶23g、连翘35g、马蹄根11g、柞树皮18g、老头草9g、余甘子14g、清风藤18g、旱芹23g、竹黄12g、虎杖36g、地菍17g、倒吊笔9g、木棉根20g、苦参22g、皂荚7g、香叶树19g、辟汗草8g、构树16g、川谷根12g、白杨树22g和杯菊11g。
中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成3μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量4倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在9℃的条件下静置30小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎50分钟,获得4μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料二,混合粉料二的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料二15g,加入丙二醇40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.23μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
实施例2中药组合物2
本发明实施例提供了用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄花蒿28g、鸦胆子4g、金银花34g、大青叶37g、腐婢根17g、对节叶15g、连翘27g、马蹄根13g、柞树皮15g、老头草10g、余甘子8g、清风藤14g、旱芹20g、竹黄8g、虎杖32g、地菍21g、倒吊笔13g、木棉根18g、苦参25g、皂荚8g、香叶树15g、辟汗草9g、构树18g、川谷根10g、白杨树18g和杯菊12g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10分钟后,加热至沸腾40分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1倍的醇浓度为80%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃,出风温度70℃,随后粉碎成300目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
实施例3中药组合物3
本发明实施例提供了用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄花蒿23g、鸦胆子6g、金银花30g、大青叶25g、腐婢根21g、对节叶18g、连翘32g、马蹄根15g、柞树皮20g、老头草12g、余甘子10g、清风藤20g、旱芹18g、竹黄10g、虎杖27g、地菍14g、倒吊笔11g、木棉根15g、苦参19g、皂荚9g、香叶树23g、辟汗草6g、构树21g、川谷根8g、白杨树15g和杯菊9g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10分钟后,加热至沸腾40分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1倍的醇浓度为80%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃,出风温度70℃,随后粉碎成300目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
中药组合物的毒性试验:
1、试验药物
选取黄花蒿31g、鸦胆子5g、金银花26g、大青叶32g、腐婢根13g、对节叶23g、连翘35g、马蹄根11g、柞树皮18g、老头草9g、余甘子14g、清风藤18g、旱芹23g、竹黄12g、虎杖36g、地菍17g、倒吊笔9g、木棉根20g、苦参22g、皂荚7g、香叶树19g、辟汗草8g、构树16g、川谷根12g、白杨树22g和杯菊11g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
中药组合物的毒性试验:
1、试验药物
选取黄花蒿28g、鸦胆子4g、金银花34g、大青叶37g、腐婢根17g、对节叶15g、连翘27g、马蹄根13g、柞树皮15g、老头草10g、余甘子8g、清风藤14g、旱芹20g、竹黄8g、虎杖32g、地菍21g、倒吊笔13g、木棉根18g、苦参25g、皂荚8g、香叶树15g、辟汗草9g、构树18g、川谷根10g、白杨树18g和杯菊12g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
中药组合物的毒性试验:
1、试验药物
选取黄花蒿23g、鸦胆子6g、金银花30g、大青叶25g、腐婢根21g、对节叶18g、连翘32g、马蹄根15g、柞树皮20g、老头草12g、余甘子10g、清风藤20g、旱芹18g、竹黄10g、虎杖27g、地菍14g、倒吊笔11g、木棉根15g、苦参19g、皂荚9g、香叶树23g、辟汗草6g、构树21g、川谷根8g、白杨树15g和杯菊9g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
临床试验
(1)材料准备
河南省合肥市某养猪场,出现不同程度的猪弓形虫病症状,随机挑选已确诊的患病猪280头,作为治疗对比试验对象;另随取健康猪280头,作为预防对比试验对象。
(2)剖检:
对河南省合肥市养猪场中5头病死猪,剖检全身可视黏膜,耳根、腹下和四肢内侧皮肤有片状紫红色斑块。全身淋巴结高度充血,水肿。胸腔、腹腔大量积液。肺脏呈暗红色,有光泽,切面流出泡沫样红黄色液体,间质增厚,有出血点和灰白色坏死灶。肝脏、脾脏和肾脏有大小不等的灰黄色坏死灶,肾脏呈土黄色。心脏质地变软,右心室扩张明显。胃底腺区黏膜潮红,出血。肠黏膜有出血点。取淋巴结、血液、脑、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏以及肌肉抹片,染色后镜检有弓形体,判断为弓形体病。
(3)预防对比试验
将随机挑选的280头健康猪随机分成4组(实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3和对照组),其中,对照组使用传统猪饲料饲喂。
实施例组1喂传统猪饲料,并注射实施例1的粉针剂,粉针剂采用皮下注射,每次50mg/公斤体重,每天一次,连续注射3天;
实施例组2在传统饲料中添加本发明实施例2中的中药组合物,按照0.5:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
实施例组3在传统饲料中添加本发明实施例3中的中药组合物,按照0.5:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
对对照组和实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3,进行人工感染观察记录各组猪的发病率及死亡率,结果如表1所示。
表1预防效果对照表
组别 | 总数 | 发病数 | 发病率 | 死亡数 | 死亡率 | 保护率 |
实施例组1 | 70 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
实施例组2 | 70 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
实施例组3 | 70 | 1 | 1.4% | 0 | 0% | 98.6% |
对照组 | 70 | 70 | 100% | 50 | 71.4% | 28.6% |
从表1的数据可知:本发明含有中药组合物的饲料对猪弓形虫病有明显的预防效果。
(4)治疗对比试验:
将随机选取的已确诊的患病猪280头随机分成4组(中药治疗组1、中药治疗组2、中药治疗组3和西药治疗组),用不同药进行治疗,
其中,中药治疗组1注射实施例1的粉针剂,粉针剂采用皮下注射,每次70mg/公斤体重,每天一次,连续注射3天;
中药治疗组2选用实施例2的中药组合物2,按照1:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
中药治疗组3选用实施例3的中药组合物3,按照1:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
对照治疗组:对患猪一侧混合肌肉注射青霉素每千克体重4万u、安乃近10mL/头、柴胡10mL/头、地塞米松8mL/头,另一侧肌肉注射磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶(每千克体重60mg),每天2次,连用5d。
表2治疗效果对照表
组别 | 发病数 | 发病率 | 死亡数 | 死亡率 | 治愈数 | 治愈率 |
中药治疗组1 | 70 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 80 | 100% |
中药治疗组2 | 70 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 80 | 100% |
中药治疗组3 | 70 | 100% | 1 | 1.4% | 79 | 98.6% |
西药治疗组 | 70 | 100% | 17 | 24.3% | 53 | 75.7% |
从表2的数据可知:本发明中药组合物对猪弓形虫病的治疗效果明显优于西药治疗组,降低死亡率,提高治愈率,治愈时间短。
典型病例:
河南省洛阳市一养猪户李某饲养的400多头育肥猪,部分猪出现精神不振,呼吸急促,呈腹式或犬坐式呼吸,流清鼻涕,体温41℃左右,粪便干燥带有黏液。个别病猪下腹部、股内侧及背部出现瘀血斑,尿呈红茶色,行走不稳。兽医经诊断确认为猪弓形虫病。选用实施例1的粉针剂,每次70mg/公斤体重,一天一次,注射1天后,病猪体温正常,呼吸困难的症状明显减轻,注射2天后精神、采食恢复正常,痊愈。继续注射1天巩固疗效。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:黄花蒿、鸦胆子、金银花、大青叶、腐婢根、对节叶、连翘、马蹄根、柞树皮、老头草、余甘子、清风藤、旱芹、竹黄、虎杖、地菍、倒吊笔、木棉根、苦参、皂荚、香叶树、辟汗草、构树、川谷根、白杨树和杯菊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿20-35重量份、鸦胆子3-7重量份、金银花23-38重量份、大青叶21-41重量份、腐婢根10-25重量份、对节叶11-27重量份、连翘23-40重量份、马蹄根9-18重量份、柞树皮12-24重量份、老头草7-15重量份、余甘子6-18重量份、清风藤11-23重量份、旱芹15-26重量份、竹黄6-15重量份、虎杖24-40重量份、地菍11-25重量份、倒吊笔8-14重量份、木棉根12-23重量份、苦参16-28重量份、皂荚5-11重量份、香叶树12-26重量份、辟汗草5-11重量份、构树13-24重量份、川谷根6-15重量份、白杨树12-26重量份和杯菊8-14重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿23-31重量份、鸦胆子4-6重量份、金银花26-34重量份、大青叶25-37重量份、腐婢根13-21重量份、对节叶15-23重量份、连翘27-35重量份、马蹄根11-15重量份、柞树皮15-20重量份、老头草9-12重量份、余甘子8-14重量份、清风藤14-20重量份、旱芹18-23重量份、竹黄8-12重量份、虎杖27-36重量份、地菍14-21重量份、倒吊笔9-13重量份、木棉根15-20重量份、苦参19-25重量份、皂荚7-9重量份、香叶树15-23重量份、辟汗草6-9重量份、构树16-21重量份、川谷根8-12重量份、白杨树15-22重量份和杯菊9-12重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿31重量份、鸦胆子5重量份、金银花26重量份、大青叶32重量份、腐婢根13重量份、对节叶23重量份、连翘35重量份、马蹄根11重量份、柞树皮18重量份、老头草9重量份、余甘子14重量份、清风藤18重量份、旱芹23重量份、竹黄12重量份、虎杖36重量份、地菍17重量份、倒吊笔9重量份、木棉根20重量份、苦参22重量份、皂荚7重量份、香叶树19重量份、辟汗草8重量份、构树16重量份、川谷根12重量份、白杨树22重量份和杯菊11重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿28重量份、鸦胆子4重量份、金银花34重量份、大青叶37重量份、腐婢根17重量份、对节叶15重量份、连翘27重量份、马蹄根13重量份、柞树皮15重量份、老头草10重量份、余甘子8重量份、清风藤14重量份、旱芹20重量份、竹黄8重量份、虎杖32重量份、地菍21重量份、倒吊笔13重量份、木棉根18重量份、苦参25重量份、皂荚8重量份、香叶树15重量份、辟汗草9重量份、构树18重量份、川谷根10重量份、白杨树18重量份和杯菊12重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:黄花蒿23重量份、鸦胆子6重量份、金银花30重量份、大青叶25重量份、腐婢根21重量份、对节叶18重量份、连翘32重量份、马蹄根15重量份、柞树皮20重量份、老头草12重量份、余甘子10重量份、清风藤20重量份、旱芹18重量份、竹黄10重量份、虎杖27重量份、地菍14重量份、倒吊笔11重量份、木棉根15重量份、苦参19重量份、皂荚9重量份、香叶树23重量份、辟汗草6重量份、构树21重量份、川谷根8重量份、白杨树15重量份和杯菊9重量份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料二,所述混合粉料二的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料二10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料二,所述混合粉料二的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料二10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
10.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于防治猪弓形虫病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
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CN114522161A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-24 | 延边大学 | 薏苡素在制备防治弓形虫病药物中的应用 |
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CN104873947A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-02 | 张建国 | 用于治疗狗急性上消化道出血的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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CN114522161A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-24 | 延边大学 | 薏苡素在制备防治弓形虫病药物中的应用 |
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