CN105797065A - 一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物和制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物和制备方法,中药组合物包括以下原料药材:金银花、大青叶、岗梅根、王瓜根、毛冬青、蒲公英、仙人掌、四方麻、墓头回、栀子、虎掌草、柴胡、香附、青皮、牛胆、虎杖、郁金、黑及草、红楤木、牡丹皮、番红花、泽兰、苏木、牛马藤、白术、扁竹测、梧桐子和天王七。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物,增强鸡免疫力,治愈率高,不易复发,纯天然、无毒副作用,成本价格低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物和制备方法。
背景技术
鸡弧菌性肝炎病又称鸡弯曲杆菌病,是由空肠弯曲杆菌引起的细菌性传染病。以肝脏肿大、充血、坏死为特征,治宜消除病原。自然流行仅见于鸡,多见于开产前后的鸡,一般为散发。饲养管理不善、应激反应,鸡患球虫病、大肠杆菌病、霉形体病、鸡痘等是本病发生的诱因。
病鸡体瘦和发育不良,病死鸡血液凝固不全。大约10%的病鸡肝脏有特征性的局灶性坏死:肝实质内散发黄色三角形、星形小坏死灶,或布满菜花状大坏死区。有时在肝被膜下还可见到大小、形态不一的出血区。病鸡精神委顿,鸡冠皱缩并有痂皮,体重减轻,常有水泻,青年母鸡的产蛋量稍有下降,而老母鸡的产蛋量明显降低,一般约下降35%。本病一般进程缓慢,但也可能发展很快而形成急性感染,以至在发病2~3天后死亡。
西医治疗鸡弧菌性肝炎病,主要采用强力霉素、土霉素或痢特灵等药物治疗,毒性大,副作用大,由此而来的抗应激、抗疾病等生理功能和食肉质量(品质)已大大下降,而药物残留则不断升高。
中医药不仅具有西药的优势,并且治愈率高,无污染,可增强鸡免疫力,治愈后不易复发,成本价格低廉。因此,中草药在治疗鸡弧菌性肝炎病疾方面具有十分重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在于提供一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,能够克服现有技术中西药和中药的缺陷,治愈后不易复发,成本价格低廉,疗程较短,疗效较好,长期应用无耐药性,无药物残留。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:金银花、大青叶、岗梅根、王瓜根、毛冬青、蒲公英、仙人掌、四方麻、墓头回、栀子、虎掌草、柴胡、香附、青皮、牛胆、虎杖、郁金、黑及草、红楤木、牡丹皮、番红花、泽兰、苏木、牛马藤、白术、扁竹测、梧桐子和天王七。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花22-42重量份、大青叶25-45重量份、岗梅根15-28重量份、王瓜根3-9重量份、毛冬青11-25重量份、蒲公英27-43重量份、仙人掌9-18重量份、四方麻13-28重量份、墓头回12-30重量份、栀子23-41重量份、虎掌草2-7重量份、柴胡24-40重量份、香附20-38重量份、青皮28-41重量份、牛胆10-24重量份、虎杖17-30重量份、郁金11-27重量份、黑及草8-20重量份、红楤木10-24重量份、牡丹皮15-26重量份、番红花8-16重量份、泽兰14-28重量份、苏木17-27重量份、牛马藤10-24重量份、白术20-38重量份、扁竹测7-16重量份、梧桐子16-28重量份和天王七11-24重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花25-37重量份、大青叶29-41重量份、岗梅根18-25重量份、王瓜根4-7重量份、毛冬青15-20重量份、蒲公英30-40重量份、仙人掌11-16重量份、四方麻15-25重量份、墓头回16-27重量份、栀子26-37重量份、虎掌草3-6重量份、柴胡27-38重量份、香附24-34重量份、青皮29-38重量份、牛胆14-20重量份、虎杖19-28重量份、郁金14-25重量份、黑及草10-18重量份、红楤木12-22重量份、牡丹皮18-24重量份、番红花9-14重量份、泽兰16-26重量份、苏木19-25重量份、牛马藤13-22重量份、白术24-35重量份、扁竹测9-14重量份、梧桐子19-24重量份和天王七13-21重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花30重量份、大青叶35重量份、岗梅根18重量份、王瓜根4重量份、毛冬青18重量份、蒲公英40重量份、仙人掌16重量份、四方麻23重量份、墓头回27重量份、栀子37重量份、虎掌草3重量份、柴胡27重量份、香附34重量份、青皮38重量份、牛胆18重量份、虎杖28重量份、郁金14重量份、黑及草17重量份、红楤木20重量份、牡丹皮18重量份、番红花9重量份、泽兰26重量份、苏木21重量份、牛马藤17重量份、白术35重量份、扁竹测11重量份、梧桐子22重量份和天王七13重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花37重量份、大青叶41重量份、岗梅根25重量份、王瓜根6重量份、毛冬青15重量份、蒲公英30重量份、仙人掌11重量份、四方麻15重量份、墓头回18重量份、栀子33重量份、虎掌草4重量份、柴胡38重量份、香附24重量份、青皮29重量份、牛胆14重量份、虎杖19重量份、郁金25重量份、黑及草10重量份、红楤木22重量份、牡丹皮20重量份、番红花14重量份、泽兰16重量份、苏木25重量份、牛马藤13重量份、白术28重量份、扁竹测9重量份、梧桐子19重量份和天王七21重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花25重量份、大青叶29重量份、岗梅根20重量份、王瓜根7重量份、毛冬青20重量份、蒲公英35重量份、仙人掌14重量份、四方麻25重量份、墓头回16重量份、栀子26重量份、虎掌草6重量份、柴胡34重量份、香附30重量份、青皮32重量份、牛胆20重量份、虎杖23重量份、郁金18重量份、黑及草18重量份、红楤木12重量份、牡丹皮24重量份、番红花10重量份、泽兰22重量份、苏木19重量份、牛马藤22重量份、白术24重量份、扁竹测14重量份、梧桐子24重量份和天王七15重量份。
为了更好地实现发明目的,本发明还提供一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
为了更好地实现发明目的,本发明还提供一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物能克服现有技术中的中药和西药的各种缺陷,提高患病鸡的机体免疫力,疗程较短,疗效较好,治愈后不易复发,无耐药性,长期应用无耐药性,无药物残留,成本价格低廉。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,中药组合物包括以下原料药材:金银花、大青叶、岗梅根、王瓜根、毛冬青、蒲公英、仙人掌、四方麻、墓头回、栀子、虎掌草、柴胡、香附、青皮、牛胆、虎杖、郁金、黑及草、红楤木、牡丹皮、番红花、泽兰、苏木、牛马藤、白术、扁竹测、梧桐子和天王七。
各原料药材的药理如下:
金银花:别名银花、双花、二花、二宝花。本品为忍冬科植物忍冬、红腺忍冬、山银花或毛花柱忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。夏初花开放前采收,干燥。甘,寒。归肺、心、胃经。清热解毒,凉散风热。
大青叶:本品为十字花科植物菘蓝的干燥叶。夏、秋二季分2~3次采收,除去杂质,晒干。苦,寒。归心、胃经。清热解毒,凉血消斑。
岗梅根:别名百解,土甘草、秤杆根、盆包银,点秤根,天星根,七星蔃、山梅根。为冬青科植物梅叶冬青的根。秋、冬采挖,晒干,或切片晒干。苦甘.寒。清热,生津,活血,解毒。
王瓜根:别名吊瓜、土瓜、苦瓜莲。为葫芦科栝楼属植物王瓜的根。深秋挖根,洗去泥土,切段晒干。苦,寒。清热解毒,利尿消肿,散瘀止痛。
毛冬青:别名乌尾丁、细叶冬青、山熊胆、酸味木、喉毒药、茶叶冬青、毛披树。为冬青科冬青属植物毛冬青,以根及叶入药。全年可采,根切片晒干备用,叶鲜用。苦,平。活血通脉,消肿止痛,清热解毒。
蒲公英:别名黄花地丁、婆婆丁。本品为菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的干燥全草。春至秋季花初开时采挖,除去杂质,洗净,晒干。苦、甘,寒。归肝、胃经。清热解毒,消肿散结,利尿通淋。
仙人掌:别名仙巴掌、霸王树、火焰、火掌、玉芙蓉。为仙人掌科仙人掌属植物仙人掌,以全株入药。四季可采。鲜用或切片晒干。苦,凉。清热解毒,散瘀消肿,健胃止痛,镇咳。
四方麻:别名青鱼胆、四方消、四方青、四棱草、鱼珠草、山练草。为玄参科水草属植物四方麻,以全草入药。全年可采,晒干或鲜用。苦,寒。清热解毒,消肿止痛。
墓头回:别名地花菜、墓头灰、箭头风、九头鸟、追风箭、脚汗草、铜班道、虎牙草、摆子草、木头回。为败酱科植物糙叶败酱或异叶几酱的根。味苦;微酸涩;性凉。归心;肝经。燥湿止带;收敛止血;清热解毒。主赤白带下;崩漏;泄泻痢疾;黄疸;疟疾;肠痈;疮疡肿毒;跌打损伤;子宫颈癌;胃癌。
栀子:别名黄栀子、黄果树、山栀子、红枝子。本品为茜草科植物栀子的干燥成熟果实,其根也可入药。9~11月果实成熟呈红黄色时采收,除去果梗及杂质,蒸至上汽或置沸水中略烫,取出,干燥。根夏秋采挖,洗净晒干。苦,寒。归心、肺、三焦经。泻火解毒,清热利湿,凉血散瘀。
虎掌草:别名溪畔银莲花、白花虎掌草、见风青、见风黄、蜜马常、汉虎掌、野棉花。毛茛科银莲花属植物草玉梅,以根入药。秋季采根,洗净晒干。辛、苦,寒。清热利湿,消肿止痛。
柴胡:本品为伞形科植物柴胡或狭叶柴胡的干燥根。按性状不同,分别习称“北柴胡”及“南柴胡”。春、秋二季采挖,除去茎叶及泥沙,干燥。苦,微寒。归肝、胆经。和解表里,疏肝,升阳。
香附:别名莎草、香附子、雷公头、三棱草、香头草、回头青、雀头香。本品为莎草科植物莎草的干燥根茎。秋季采挖,燎去毛须,置沸水中略煮或蒸透后晒干,或燎后直接晒干。辛、微苦、微甘,平。归肝、脾、三焦经。行气解郁,调经止痛。
青皮:别名四花青皮、个青皮、青皮子。本品为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥幼果或未成熟果实的果皮。5~6月收集自落的幼果,晒干,习称“个青皮”或“青皮子”;7~8月采收未成熟的果实,在果皮上纵剖成四瓣至基部,除尽瓤瓣,晒干,习称“四花青皮”。苦、辛,温。归肝、胆、胃经。疏肝破气,消积化滞。
牛胆:别名牛科动物黄牛或水牛的胆囊或胆汁,从宰牛场收集,取得后挂起阴干或自胆管处剪开,将胆汁倾入容器内,密封贮藏。或加热使之干燥亦可。味苦,大寒。入肝、胆、肺三经。清肝明目,利胆通肠,解毒消肿。
虎杖:别名花斑竹、酸筒杆、酸汤梗、川筋龙、斑庄、斑杖根、大叶蛇总管、黄地榆。本品为蓼科植物虎杖,的干燥根茎和根。春、秋二季采挖,除去须根,洗净,趁鲜切短段或厚片,晒干。微苦,微寒。归肝、胆、肺经。祛风利湿,散瘀定痛,止咳化痰。
郁金:别名玉金、白丝郁金。本品为姜科植物温郁金、姜黄、广西莪或蓬莪术的干燥块根。前两者分别习称“温郁金”和“黄丝郁金”,其余按性状不同习称“桂郁金”或“绿丝郁金”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖,除去泥沙及细根,蒸或煮至透心,干燥。辛、苦,寒。归肝、心、肺经。行气化瘀,清心解郁,利胆退黄。
黑及草:别名青鱼胆、四棱草、小见肿消、花脸猫、黑耳草。龙胆科花锚属植物紫白花锚,以根或全草入药。秋季采挖,洗净晒干。苦,寒。清热利湿,平肝利胆。
红楤木:别名棘茎楤木。五加科红楤木,以根入药。微苦,温。活血破瘀,祛风行气,清热解毒。
牡丹皮:别名丹皮、粉丹皮、木芍药、条丹皮、洛阳花。本品为毛茛科植物牡丹的干燥根皮。秋季采挖根部,除去细根,剥取根皮,晒干。苦、辛,微寒。归心、肝、肾经。清热凉血,活血化瘀。
番红花:别名西红花、藏红花。为鸢尾科植物番红花的柱头。10~11月中下旬,晴天早晨采花,于室内摘取柱头,晒干或低温烘干。性平,味甘。活血化瘀,凉血解毒,解郁安神。
泽兰:别名地瓜儿苗、地笋、甘露子、方梗泽兰。本品为唇形科植物毛叶地瓜儿苗的干燥地上部分。夏、秋季茎叶茂盛时采割,晒干。苦、辛,微温。归肝、脾经。活血化瘀,行水消肿。
苏木:别名苏方木。本品为豆科云实属植物苏木的干燥心材。多于秋季采伐,除去白色边材,干燥。甘、咸,平。归心、肝、脾经。行血祛瘀,消肿止痛。
牛马藤:别名牛麻藤、老鸦藤、黎豆藤、过山龙、乌通[四川]、常春油麻藤。豆科油麻藤属植物常绿油麻藤,以根、茎及叶入药。全年可采,分别晒干。甘,温。活血化瘀,祛风除湿,通经活络。
白术:别名于术、冬术、浙术、种术。本品为菊科植物白术的干燥根茎。冬季下部叶枯黄、上部叶变脆时采挖,除去泥沙,烘干或晒干,再除去须根。苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中,安胎。
梧桐子:别名瓢儿果、桐麻豌。为梧桐科植物梧桐的种子。秋季种子成熟时将果枝采下,打落种子,簸去杂质,晒干。密贮干燥处,防蛀。甘,平。入心、肺、肾三经。顺气,和胃,消食。
扁竹测:别名小扁草、扇子草、滚龙细辛、草灵芝、小石菖蒲、苍草、复生草、扁竹兰、消疝草。药材基源:为百合科植物叉柱岩菖蒲的全草。甘;淡;平。健脾利湿和胃;活血消肿。
天王七:别名五转七、白暴七、鸡爪七。为忍冬科植物羽裂莛子藨的根。秋末采挖。洗净,晒干。苦涩,平。祛风湿,理气活血,健脾胃,消炎镇痛,生肌。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1中药组合物1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,由以下重量的原料药材制成:金银花30g、大青叶35g、岗梅根18g、王瓜根4g、毛冬青18g、蒲公英40g、仙人掌16g、四方麻23g、墓头回27g、栀子37g、虎掌草3g、柴胡27g、香附34g、青皮38g、牛胆18g、虎杖28g、郁金14g、黑及草17g、红楤木20g、牡丹皮18g、番红花9g、泽兰26g、苏木21g、牛马藤17g、白术35g、扁竹测11g、梧桐子22g和天王七13g。
中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成3μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量4倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在9℃的条件下静置30小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎50分钟,获得4μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料15g,加入丙二醇40g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌40分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.23μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
实施例2中药组合物2
本发明实施例提供了用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:金银花37g、大青叶41g、岗梅根25g、王瓜根6g、毛冬青15g、蒲公英30g、仙人掌11g、四方麻15g、墓头回18g、栀子33g、虎掌草4g、柴胡38g、香附24g、青皮29g、牛胆14g、虎杖19g、郁金25g、黑及草10g、红楤木22g、牡丹皮20g、番红花14g、泽兰16g、苏木25g、牛马藤13g、白术28g、扁竹测9g、梧桐子19g和天王七21g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10分钟后,加热至沸腾40分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1倍的醇浓度为80%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃,出风温度70℃,随后粉碎成300目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
实施例3中药组合物3
本发明实施例提供了用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:金银花25g、大青叶29g、岗梅根20g、王瓜根7g、毛冬青20g、蒲公英35g、仙人掌14g、四方麻25g、墓头回16g、栀子26g、虎掌草6g、柴胡34g、香附30g、青皮32g、牛胆20g、虎杖23g、郁金18g、黑及草18g、红楤木12g、牡丹皮24g、番红花10g、泽兰22g、苏木19g、牛马藤22g、白术24g、扁竹测14g、梧桐子24g和天王七15g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10分钟后,加热至沸腾40分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1倍的醇浓度为80%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃,出风温度70℃,随后粉碎成300目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
中药组合物的毒性试验:
1、试验药物
选取金银花30g、大青叶35g、岗梅根18g、王瓜根4g、毛冬青18g、蒲公英40g、仙人掌16g、四方麻23g、墓头回27g、栀子37g、虎掌草3g、柴胡27g、香附34g、青皮38g、牛胆18g、虎杖28g、郁金14g、黑及草17g、红楤木20g、牡丹皮18g、番红花9g、泽兰26g、苏木21g、牛马藤17g、白术35g、扁竹测11g、梧桐子22g和天王七13g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
中药组合物的毒性试验:
1、试验药物
选取金银花37g、大青叶41g、岗梅根25g、王瓜根6g、毛冬青15g、蒲公英30g、仙人掌11g、四方麻15g、墓头回18g、栀子33g、虎掌草4g、柴胡38g、香附24g、青皮29g、牛胆14g、虎杖19g、郁金25g、黑及草10g、红楤木22g、牡丹皮20g、番红花14g、泽兰16g、苏木25g、牛马藤13g、白术28g、扁竹测9g、梧桐子19g和天王七21g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
1、试验药物
选取金银花25g、大青叶29g、岗梅根20g、王瓜根7g、毛冬青20g、蒲公英35g、仙人掌14g、四方麻25g、墓头回16g、栀子26g、虎掌草6g、柴胡34g、香附30g、青皮32g、牛胆20g、虎杖23g、郁金18g、黑及草18g、红楤木12g、牡丹皮24g、番红花10g、泽兰22g、苏木19g、牛马藤22g、白术24g、扁竹测14g、梧桐子24g和天王七15g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
2、试验方法:选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药组合物的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
临床试验
(1)材料准备
辽宁省鞍山市某养鸡场,其中四个鸡舍出现不同程度的弧菌性肝炎症状,随机挑选50日龄已确诊的患病雏鸡320只,作为治疗对比试验对象;另随机抓取50日龄健康的雏鸡320只,作为预防对比试验对象。
(2)实验室检查:
对辽宁省鞍山市养鸡场中5只病死鸡进行剖检,无菌采集肝脏病变组织抹片,进行革兰氏染色,镜检,可见大量的革兰氏阴性弯杆菌。将该菌接种于10%血琼脂平板上,在10%二氧化碳环境中培养24小时,可以见到针尖大小、湿润、圆形、边缘整齐,呈半透明或灰色的菌落。
(3)预防对比试验
将随机挑选的320只健康雏鸡随机分成4组(实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3和对照组),其中,对照组使用传统鸡饲料饲喂。
实施例组1喂传统鸡饲料,并注射实施例1的粉针剂,粉针剂采用皮下注射,每次2g,每天一次,连续注射5天;
实施例组2在传统饲料中添加本发明实施例2中的中药组合物,按照1:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养5天;
实施例组3在传统饲料中添加本发明实施例3中的中药组合物,按照1:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养5天;
对对照组和实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3,进行人工感染观察记录各组鸡的发病率及死亡率,结果如表1所示。
表1预防效果对照表
组别 | 总数 | 人工感染数 | 发病率 | 死亡数 | 死亡率 | 保护率 |
实施例组1 | 80 | 80 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
实施例组2 | 80 | 80 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
实施例组3 | 80 | 80 | 2.5% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
对照组 | 80 | 80 | 100% | 8 | 10% | 90% |
从表1的数据可知:本发明含有中药组合物的饲料对鸡弧菌性肝炎病有明显的预防效果。
(4)治疗对比试验:
将随机选取的320只50日龄确诊的患病雏鸡随机分成4组(中药治疗组1、中药治疗组2、中药治疗组3和西药治疗组),用不同药进行治疗,
其中,中药治疗组1注射实施例1的粉针剂,粉针剂采用皮下注射,每次2g,每天一次,连续注射3天;
中药治疗组2选用实施例2的中药组合物2,按照3:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
中药治疗组3选用实施例3的中药组合物3,按照3:100的重量比例添加在饲料中,喂养3天;
西药治疗组用恩诺沙星以50mg/L饮水,同时强力霉素200g/t混饲,连续3天;
表2治疗效果对照表
组别 | 发病数 | 发病率 | 死亡数 | 死亡率 | 治愈数 | 治愈率 |
中药治疗组1 | 80 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 80 | 100% |
中药治疗组2 | 80 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 80 | 100% |
中药治疗组3 | 80 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 80 | 100% |
西药治疗组 | 80 | 100% | 9 | 11.25% | 71 | 88.75% |
从表2的数据可知:本发明中药组合物对鸡弧菌性肝炎病的治疗效果明显优于西药治疗组,降低死亡率,提高治愈率,提高产蛋率。
典型病例:
辽宁省葫芦岛市一养鸡户饲养的2050只蛋鸡部分发生精神不振、消瘦,出现软皮蛋、沙皮蛋,产蛋率降低,零星死亡,兽医根据临床症状和病理变化,并结合实验室检验结果,确认为鸡弧菌性肝炎病。马上将病鸡隔离,选用实施例1的粉针剂,皮下注射,每次2g,每天一次,注射1次后,病鸡症状明显减轻,第2天病鸡症状消失,第3天产蛋恢复正常,继续注射2天巩固疗效。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:金银花、大青叶、岗梅根、王瓜根、毛冬青、蒲公英、仙人掌、四方麻、墓头回、栀子、虎掌草、柴胡、香附、青皮、牛胆、虎杖、郁金、黑及草、红楤木、牡丹皮、番红花、泽兰、苏木、牛马藤、白术、扁竹测、梧桐子和天王七。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花22-42重量份、大青叶25-45重量份、岗梅根15-28重量份、王瓜根3-9重量份、毛冬青11-25重量份、蒲公英27-43重量份、仙人掌9-18重量份、四方麻13-28重量份、墓头回12-30重量份、栀子23-41重量份、虎掌草2-7重量份、柴胡24-40重量份、香附20-38重量份、青皮28-41重量份、牛胆10-24重量份、虎杖17-30重量份、郁金11-27重量份、黑及草8-20重量份、红楤木10-24重量份、牡丹皮15-26重量份、番红花8-16重量份、泽兰14-28重量份、苏木17-27重量份、牛马藤10-24重量份、白术20-38重量份、扁竹测7-16重量份、梧桐子16-28重量份和天王七11-24重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花25-37重量份、大青叶29-41重量份、岗梅根18-25重量份、王瓜根4-7重量份、毛冬青15-20重量份、蒲公英30-40重量份、仙人掌11-16重量份、四方麻15-25重量份、墓头回16-27重量份、栀子26-37重量份、虎掌草3-6重量份、柴胡27-38重量份、香附24-34重量份、青皮29-38重量份、牛胆14-20重量份、虎杖19-28重量份、郁金14-25重量份、黑及草10-18重量份、红楤木12-22重量份、牡丹皮18-24重量份、番红花9-14重量份、泽兰16-26重量份、苏木19-25重量份、牛马藤13-22重量份、白术24-35重量份、扁竹测9-14重量份、梧桐子19-24重量份和天王七13-21重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花30重量份、大青叶35重量份、岗梅根18重量份、王瓜根4重量份、毛冬青18重量份、蒲公英40重量份、仙人掌16重量份、四方麻23重量份、墓头回27重量份、栀子37重量份、虎掌草3重量份、柴胡27重量份、香附34重量份、青皮38重量份、牛胆18重量份、虎杖28重量份、郁金14重量份、黑及草17重量份、红楤木20重量份、牡丹皮18重量份、番红花9重量份、泽兰26重量份、苏木21重量份、牛马藤17重量份、白术35重量份、扁竹测11重量份、梧桐子22重量份和天王七13重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花37重量份、大青叶41重量份、岗梅根25重量份、王瓜根6重量份、毛冬青15重量份、蒲公英30重量份、仙人掌11重量份、四方麻15重量份、墓头回18重量份、栀子33重量份、虎掌草4重量份、柴胡38重量份、香附24重量份、青皮29重量份、牛胆14重量份、虎杖19重量份、郁金25重量份、黑及草10重量份、红楤木22重量份、牡丹皮20重量份、番红花14重量份、泽兰16重量份、苏木25重量份、牛马藤13重量份、白术28重量份、扁竹测9重量份、梧桐子19重量份和天王七21重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:金银花25重量份、大青叶29重量份、岗梅根20重量份、王瓜根7重量份、毛冬青20重量份、蒲公英35重量份、仙人掌14重量份、四方麻25重量份、墓头回16重量份、栀子26重量份、虎掌草6重量份、柴胡34重量份、香附30重量份、青皮32重量份、牛胆20重量份、虎杖23重量份、郁金18重量份、黑及草18重量份、红楤木12重量份、牡丹皮24重量份、番红花10重量份、泽兰22重量份、苏木19重量份、牛马藤22重量份、白术24重量份、扁竹测14重量份、梧桐子24重量份和天王七15重量份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为粉针剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,取第二步获得的混合粉料10g~20g,加入丙二醇30g~50g,加200ml注射用水,搅拌使其溶解,进一步加注射用水至1000ml,再加入1g~1.5g针用活性炭,充分搅拌30~50分钟;脱炭过滤;用0.22~0.24μm微孔滤膜过滤;冷冻干燥得无菌粉末,分装灌封。
10.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于防治鸡弧菌性肝炎病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药组合物中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入适量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步,待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得粉末状中药组合物散剂。
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CN104587023A (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 河南科技学院 | 一种用于治疗鸡弧菌性肝炎的中药及其制备方法 |
CN105267765A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-01-27 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 用于治疗猪痢疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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