CN104258211A - 一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物及其制备方法,其中中药组合物包括以下原料药材:玄参、丹皮、赤芍、生地、板蓝根、芦根、枇杷叶、莲子、白茅根、山慈菇、四季青、乌蔹莓、鱼腥草、象贝、马兰根、芦荟、珍珠母、紫贝、地枫皮、千年健、瓜蒌、爵床、良旺茶、佛甲草、菝葜、鹿藿、莱菔子、江珧壳和肾蕨。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物防治牛流行热,以清热解毒、熄风解痉为主,以健脾益气为辅,能够提高牛的免疫力,治疗牛流行热具有疗程短、效果较好、无药残、纯天然性、无毒害、安全方便等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中兽药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病。其特征为突然高热,呼吸促迫,流泪和消化器官的严重卡他炎症和运动障碍。感染本病的大部分病牛经2日~3日即恢复正常,故又称三日热或暂时热。本病病势迅猛,但多为良性经过。过去曾将本病误认为是流行性感冒。本病能引起牛大群发病,明显降低乳牛的产乳量。
本病流行具有明显的季节性,多发生于雨量多和气候炎热的6月~9月。流行迅猛,短期内可使大批牛只发病,呈地方流行性或大流性。流行上还有一定周期性。约3年~5年大流行一次。病牛多为良性经过,在没有继发感染的情况下,死亡率为1%~3%。 潜伏期为3天~7天。
病初,病畜震颤,恶寒战粟,接着体温升高到40℃以上,稽留2天~3天后体温恢复正常。在体温升高的同时,可见流泪,有水样眼眵,眼睑,结膜充血,水肿。呼吸促迫,呼吸次数每分钟可达80次以上,呼吸困难,患畜发出呻吟声,呈苦闷状。这是由于发生了间质性肺气肿,有时可由窒息而死亡。 食欲废绝,反刍停止。第一胃蠕动停止,出现鼓胀或者缺乏水分,胃内容物干涸。粪便干燥,有时下痢。四肢关节浮肿疼痛,病牛呆立,跛行,以后起立困难而伏卧。 皮温不整,特别是角根、耳翼、肢端有冷感。另外,颌下可见皮下气肿。流鼻液,口炎,显著流诞。口角有泡沫。尿量减少,尿浑浊。妊娠母牛患病时可发生流产、死胎。乳量下降或泌乳停止。 本病大部分为良性经过,病死率一般在1%以下,部分病例可因四肢关节疼痛,长期不能起立而被淘汰。 急性死亡多因窒息所致。剖检可见气管和支气管黏膜充血和点状出血,黏膜肿胀,气管内充满大量泡沫黏液。肺显著肿大,有程度不同的水肿和间质气肿,压之有捻发音。全身淋巴结充血,肿胀或出血。直胃、小肠和盲肠黏膜呈卡他性炎和出血。其他实质脏器可见混浊肿胀。
西医治疗牛流行热,疗程较长,病情不易得到及时控制、甚至延误病情治疗效果往往不理想,无特异疗法,为恢复健康,阻止病情恶化,防止继发感染,病后只能采取对症下药,无法提前预防;而且,西药的副作用比较大。
中药治疗具有见效快、疗效确实、不易产生抗药性、廉价、不易复发、副作用少、畜产品药物残留量低、有利于人畜安全等优点。因此选用中药治疗牛流行热很有必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在于提供一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,具有清热解毒、熄风解痉的作用,能够提高牛的免疫力,在治疗牛流行热方面具有疗程短、效果较好、无药残、纯天然性、无毒害、安全方便等优势。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:玄参、丹皮、赤芍、生地、板蓝根、芦根、枇杷叶、莲子、白茅根、山慈菇、四季青、乌蔹莓、鱼腥草、象贝、马兰根、芦荟、珍珠母、紫贝、地枫皮、千年健、瓜蒌、爵床、良旺茶、佛甲草、菝葜、鹿藿、莱菔子、江珧壳和肾蕨。
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参26-37重量份、丹皮18-30重量份、赤芍11-25重量份、生地24-35重量份、板蓝根22-36重量份、芦根12-30重量份、枇杷叶27-46重量份、莲子15-33重量份、白茅根15-31重量份、山慈菇20-38重量份、四季青13-29重量份、乌蔹莓10-24重量份、鱼腥草22-39重量份、象贝15-32重量份、马兰根27-46重量份、芦荟3-12重量份、珍珠母14-29重量份、紫贝15-33重量份、地枫皮4-12重量份、千年健18-35重量份、瓜蒌19-34重量份、爵床14-29重量份、良旺茶14-27重量份、佛甲草15-34重量份、菝葜11-26重量份、鹿藿7-21重量份、莱菔子25-44重量份、江珧壳22-35重量份和肾蕨20-38重量份。
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份和肾蕨24重量份。
所述中药组合物还包括打碗花、鳡鱼、蛇鲻、卷茎蓼、石斛和桑瘿。
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参26-37重量份、丹皮18-30重量份、赤芍11-25重量份、生地24-35重量份、板蓝根22-36重量份、芦根12-30重量份、枇杷叶27-46重量份、莲子15-33重量份、白茅根15-31重量份、山慈菇20-38重量份、四季青13-29重量份、乌蔹莓10-24重量份、鱼腥草22-39重量份、象贝15-32重量份、马兰根27-46重量份、芦荟3-12重量份、珍珠母14-29重量份、紫贝15-33重量份、地枫皮4-12重量份、千年健18-35重量份、瓜蒌19-34重量份、爵床14-29重量份、良旺茶14-27重量份、佛甲草15-34重量份、菝葜11-26重量份、鹿藿7-21重量份、莱菔子25-44重量份、江珧壳22-35重量份、肾蕨20-38重量份、打碗花6-15重量份、鳡鱼8-17重量份、蛇鲻4-12重量份、卷茎蓼5-14重量份、石斛3-8重量份和桑瘿8-14重量份。
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份、肾蕨24重量份、打碗花6重量份、鳡鱼10重量份、蛇鲻9重量份、卷茎蓼11重量份、石斛4重量份和桑瘿12重量份。
为了更好的实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步:将所述中药中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入2-3倍量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步:待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得中药散剂。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物具有热清热解毒、熄风解痉的作用,能够提高牛的免疫力,在防治牛流行热方面具有疗程短、效果较好、无药残、纯天然性、无毒害、安全方便等优势,有效控制病情,改善牛的机体免疫力及抵抗力,降低牛的发病率,减少抗生素和化学合成药物在猪的药物残留率,成本价低,纯天然无污染。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药,中药包括以下原料药材:玄参、丹皮、赤芍、生地、板蓝根、芦根、枇杷叶、莲子、白茅根、山慈菇、四季青、乌蔹莓、鱼腥草、象贝、马兰根、芦荟、珍珠母、紫贝、地枫皮、千年健、瓜蒌、爵床、良旺茶、佛甲草、菝葜、鹿藿、莱菔子、江珧壳和肾蕨;优选地,还可以包括打碗花、鳡鱼、蛇鲻、卷茎蓼、石斛和桑瘿。其中,玄参、丹皮、赤芍、生地、板蓝根、白茅根、瓜蒌、爵床、良旺茶、佛甲草、菝葜、鹿藿、莱菔子、江珧壳和肾蕨凉血解毒;芦根能清肺胃热,且有生津作用,故适用于肺胃郁热的症候,配枇杷叶以清热止呕;配瓜蒌、以清肺止咳;莲子苦寒,有清心泻火之功;山慈菇、四季青、乌蔹莓、鱼腥草、象贝、马兰根清热解毒;芦荟配伍大黄清热的同时可泻下,珍珠母、紫贝可平肝熄风,四肢跛行加地枫皮、千年健;打碗花、鳡鱼、蛇鲻、卷茎蓼、石斛和桑瘿具有健脾益气的作用。
其中,各原料药材的药理特性为:
玄参:味甘、苦、咸,性微寒。归肺、胃、肾经。具有清热凉血,泻火解毒,滋阴的功效,主治温热病热和营血、身热、烦渴、舌绛、发斑、骨蒸劳嗽、虚烦不寤、津伤便秘、目涩昏花、咽喉喉肿痛、瘰疬痰核、痈疽疮毒等证。
丹皮:味苦、辛,性微寒。归心、肝、肾经。具有清热凉血、活血散瘀的作用,主要用于治疗温热病热入血分、发斑、吐衄,热病后期热伏阴分发热、阴虚骨蒸潮热、血滞经闭、痛经、痈肿疮毒、跌扑伤痛、风湿热痹等证。
赤芍:性味,苦,寒。归肝经。能去瘀,止痛,凉血,消肿。可用于治瘀滞经闭,疝瘕积聚,腹痛,胁痛,衄血,血痢,肠风下血,目赤,痈肿。用于温热病,热入营血、发热、舌绛、身发斑疹,以及血热妄行等,还可用于经闭,跌打损伤,疮痈肿毒等气血瘀滞证。
生地:甘,寒。归心,肝,肾经。清热、生津、润燥、滑肠、破瘀、生新、止痛、调经、凉血、止血活血。生地性寒,功能为凉血清热、滋阴补肾、生津止渴,常用于治疗骨蒸痨热、咽喉燥痛、痰中带血等症。
板蓝根:性味,苦寒。归心、胃经。清热,解毒,凉血,利咽。主治温毒发斑,高热头痛,大头瘟疫,舌绛紫暗,烂喉丹痧,丹毒,痄腮,喉痹,疮肿、痈肿,水痘,麻疹,肝炎,流行性感冒,流脑,乙脑,肺炎,神昏吐衄,咽肿,火眼,疮疹;可防治流行性乙型脑炎、急慢性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、骨髓炎。
芦根:甘,寒。归肺经、胃经。用于热病烦渴、胃热呕吐、肺热咳嗽、肺痈吐脓、热淋涩痛。
枇杷叶:苦,微寒。归肺,胃经。清肺止咳,降逆止呕。肺热咳嗽,气逆喘急,胃热呕吐,哕逆。可治疗口干消渴,肺风面疮,粉刺。
莲子:苦,寒,无毒。归心、肺、肾三经。清心火,平肝火,泻脾火,降肺火。消暑除烦,生津止渴,治目红肿。
白茅根:味甘,性寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。凉血止血,清热利尿。用于血热吐血,衄血,尿血,热病烦渴,黄疸,水肿,热淋涩痛;急性肾炎水肿。
山慈菇:苦、微辛、凉。归肝、脾经。消肿散结,化痰,清热解毒。治痈疽疖肿,咽喉肿痛,喉痹,瘰疬。
四季青:苦,涩,凉。治肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,热淋,泻痢。本品苦寒,善于清泻肺火而解热毒。用于肺火上壅,咳嗽、咽痛以及风热感冒;或热毒下侵,小便淋沥涩痛,泄泻痢疾者,单用本品即效。
乌蔹莓:酸、苦、寒、无毒。归心,肝,胃经。清热解毒,涂疮毒,消结核,九子虚气疡,补益虚损。”清热解毒,活血散瘀,利尿。用于咽喉肿痛、疖肿、痈疽、疔疮、痢疾、尿血、白浊、跌打损伤、毒蛇咬伤。
鱼腥草:性微寒,味苦。归肺经、膀胱、大肠经。具有清热解毒;排脓消痈;利尿通淋的功用。主治热淋主肺痈吐脓;痰热喘咳;喉哦;热痢;痈肿疮毒;热淋。功效:清热解毒,利尿消肿。治肺炎,肺脓疡,热痢,疟疾,水肿,淋病,白带,痈肿,痔疮,脱肛,湿疹,秃疮,疥癣。
象贝:苦,寒。归肺、心经。清热散结,化痰止咳,用于风热犯肺,痰火咳嗽,肺痈,乳痈,瘰疬,疮毒。
马兰根:辛,平。归肺;肝;胃;大肠经。功用清热解毒,凉血止血,利尿。用于鼻出血,牙龈出血、咯血、皮下出血,以及咽喉肿痛等症。
芦荟:苦,寒。归肝、胃、大肠经。清肝热,通便。用于便秘,小儿疳积,惊风;外治湿癣。
珍珠母:咸、寒。归肝、心经。平肝,潜阳,定惊,止血。治头眩,耳鸣,心悸,失眠,癫狂,惊痫,吐血,衄血,妇女血崩。
紫贝:咸,平。归肝经。清心,平肝安神,治惊惕不眠。平肝潜阳,镇惊安神,清肝明目。用于肝阳上亢,头晕目眩,惊悸失眠,目赤翳障,目昏眼花。能解热,降低血管通透性,抗肝损伤等。
地枫皮:辛、苦,温。归脾、胃二经。可祛风除湿、行气止痛。治疗风湿痹痛、气滞腹痛、妇人经期腹痛等证。
千年健:苦,辛,温。归肝、肾经。祛风湿,壮筋骨,止痛,消肿。治风湿痹痛,肢节酸痛,筋骨痿软,胃痛,痈疽疮肿。用于风湿痹痛、腰酸脚软、手足拘挛麻痹等症。
瓜蒌:性味甘苦,寒。归肺、胃、大肠经。润肺,化痰,散结,润肠。治痰热咳嗽,胸痹,结胸,肺痿咳血,消渴,黄疸,便秘,痈肿初起。
爵床:味苦;咸;辛;性寒。归肺;肝;膀胱经。清热解毒;利湿消积;活血止痛。主感冒发热;咳嗽;咽喉肿痛;目赤肿痛;疳积;湿热泻痢;疟疾;黄疸;浮肿;小便淋浊;筋肌疼痛;跌打损伤;痈疽疔疮;湿疹。
良旺茶:甘苦,凉。清热解毒,理气止痛。治咽喉热痛,消化不良,月经不调,跌打损伤,风湿腰腿痛。
佛甲草:甘;淡;寒。归心;肺;肝;脾经。清热解毒;利湿;止血。主咽喉肿痛;目赤肿毒;热毒痈肿;疔疮;丹毒;缠腰火丹;烫火伤;毒蛇咬伤;黄疸;湿热泻痢;便血;崩漏;外伤出血;扁平疣。
菝葜:甘;酸;性平。归肝;肾经。祛风利湿;解毒消痈。主风湿痹痛;淋浊;带下;泄泻;痢疾;痈肿疮毒;顽癣;烧烫伤。
鹿藿:味苦;酸;性平。归胃;脾;肝经。祛风除湿;活血;解毒。主风湿痹痛;头痛;牙痛;腰脊疼痛;瘀血腹痛;产褥热;瘰疬;痈肿疮毒;跌打损伤;烫火伤。
莱菔子:味辛;甘;性平。归脾;胃;肺;大肠经。消食导滞;降气化痰。主食积气滞;脘腹胀满;腹泻;下痢后重;咳嗽多痰;气逆喘满。
江珧壳:味咸;涩;性凉。清热解毒;熄风镇静。
肾蕨:甘、淡,微涩,凉。清热利湿,宁肺止咳,软坚消积。用于感冒发热,咳嗽,肺结核咯血,痢疾,急性肠炎,小儿疳积,中毒性消化不良,泌尿系感染;外用治乳腺炎,淋巴结炎。
打碗花:甘、淡,平。健脾益气,利尿,调经,止带;用于脾虚消化不良,月经不调,白带,乳汁稀少。
鳡鱼: 味甘;性温.归脾;胃经。健脾益胃;温中止呕。主脾胃虚弱;反胃呕吐
蛇鲻:味甘;性平。健脾补肾;缩尿。主小儿麻痹后遗症;遗尿;夜尿多
卷茎蓼:辛;性温。健脾消食。主消化不良;腹泻
石斛:甘,微寒。归胃、肾经。益胃生津,滋阴清热。用于阴伤津亏,口干烦渴,食少干呕,病后虚热,目暗不明。
桑瘿:苦;性平。归肝;胃经。祛风除温;止痛;消肿。主风温痹痛;胃痛;鹤膝风。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1 中药组合物1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份和肾蕨24重量份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8倍的醇浓度为95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160℃、出风温度85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2倍的蔗糖粉和0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
实施例2药物组合物2
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份、肾蕨24重量份、打碗花6重量份、鳡鱼10重量份、蛇鲻9重量份、卷茎蓼11重量份、石斛4重量份和桑瘿12重量份。
其制备方法如下:
第一步:将所述中药中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入3倍量水使其浸没药材,浸泡25分钟后,加热至沸腾60分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步:待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量2倍的醇浓度为90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃,出风温度90℃,随后粉碎成400目,获得中药散剂。
中药组合物的毒性试验1:
取玄参29g、丹皮25g、赤芍19g、生地33g、板蓝根33g、芦根20g、枇杷叶41g、莲子17g、白茅根28g、山慈菇31g、四季青17g、乌蔹莓20g、鱼腥草35g、象贝23g、马兰根43g、芦荟9g、珍珠母17g、紫贝21g、地枫皮4g、千年健20g、瓜蒌30g、爵床24g、良旺茶18g、佛甲草21g、菝葜15g、鹿藿12g、莱菔子39g、江珧壳28g和肾蕨24g;混合均匀后,粉碎,向粉碎后的混合物中加1200g的水,煎煮2.5小时,过滤,滤渣中加入500g的水再次煎煮1.5小时,过滤,将两次滤液混合,减压浓缩至生药浓度为3g/ml的煎剂。
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药添加剂的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外 观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、 HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、 Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理 组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化; 三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g 生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
中药组合物的毒性试验2:
取玄参35g、丹皮28g、赤芍13g、生地30g、板蓝根26g、芦根15g、枇杷叶29g、莲子24g、白茅根19g、山慈菇23g、四季青19g、乌蔹莓18g、鱼腥草33g、象贝25g、马兰根30g、芦荟5g、珍珠母22g、紫贝22g、地枫皮5g、千年健23g、瓜蒌21g、爵床19g、良旺茶23g、佛甲草19g、菝葜21g、鹿藿14g、莱菔子29g、江珧壳30g、肾蕨27g、打碗花6 g、鳡鱼10 g、蛇鲻9 g、卷茎蓼11 g、石斛4 g和桑瘿12 g混合,粉碎成粉末;将获得粉末加入1400g冷水中浸泡25小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为1.5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,收集滤渣;将过滤获得的滤渣再次加入1400g冷水中,以文火煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,过滤并合并过滤液,获得第二滤液;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩除去部分水,获得汤剂,汤剂的生药浓度为3g/ml。
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药添加剂的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外 观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、 HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、 Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理 组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化; 三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g 生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
对比试验
(1)供试动物
从杭州临安某奶牛场确诊后的病牛中随机选取210头12月龄以上泌乳病牛作为治疗对比试验对象;另从杭州临安某奶牛场中随机选取200头12月龄以上泌乳健康牛作为预防对比试验对象。
(2)病料采取:
选择具有典型症状、无明显合并症、没有用药物治疗的病牛, 采集发病后1-2d牛的血液,加肝素抗凝,以4000r/m离心抗凝血,小心分离中央的白细胞和血小板层,以无菌生理盐水将其制成悬液,备用。
(3)预防对比实验:
将随机挑选的200头12月龄以上泌乳健康牛随机分成4组(对照组1、对照组2、实施例组1和实施例组2),其中,对照组1和对照组2使用传统牛饲料饲喂牛,实施例组1使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例1中的中药组合物1饲喂牛,实施例组2使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例2中的中药组合物2饲喂牛,分别喂养7天后,对对照组1和实施例组1和实施例组2进行人工静脉注射病料悬液10mL/头,观察记录各组牛的发病率及死亡率,结果如表1所示。
表1 预防效果对照表
从表1的数据可知:本发明含有中药组合物的饲料对牛流行热有明显的预防效果。
(4)治疗对比试验:
将随机选取的210头12月龄以上泌乳病牛随机分成3组(中药治疗组、西药治疗组、空白对照组),用不同药进行治疗,其中,中药治疗组选用实施例1的中药组合物1,药量为每日0.6g/kg,连续服用4天;西药治疗组选用30%安乃近3-4g,肌肉注射,配合应用注射卡那霉素,3.5 mg/kg,深部肌肉注射,每日一次,连用4日;空白对照组不喂任何药物。观察记录各组牛的治愈时间和自治疗起一个月每头每天平均奶产量,结果如表2所示。
表2 治疗效果对照表
从表2的数据可知:本发明中药组合物对牛流行热的治疗效果明显优于西药治疗组,降低死亡率,缩短治愈时间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:玄参、丹皮、赤芍、生地、板蓝根、芦根、枇杷叶、莲子、白茅根、山慈菇、四季青、乌蔹莓、鱼腥草、象贝、马兰根、芦荟、珍珠母、紫贝、地枫皮、千年健、瓜蒌、爵床、良旺茶、佛甲草、菝葜、鹿藿、莱菔子、江珧壳和肾蕨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参26-37重量份、丹皮18-30重量份、赤芍11-25重量份、生地24-35重量份、板蓝根22-36重量份、芦根12-30重量份、枇杷叶27-46重量份、莲子15-33重量份、白茅根15-31重量份、山慈菇20-38重量份、四季青13-29重量份、乌蔹莓10-24重量份、鱼腥草22-39重量份、象贝15-32重量份、马兰根27-46重量份、芦荟3-12重量份、珍珠母14-29重量份、紫贝15-33重量份、地枫皮4-12重量份、千年健18-35重量份、瓜蒌19-34重量份、爵床14-29重量份、良旺茶14-27重量份、佛甲草15-34重量份、菝葜11-26重量份、鹿藿7-21重量份、莱菔子25-44重量份、江珧壳22-35重量份和肾蕨20-38重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份和肾蕨24重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物还包括打碗花、鳡鱼、蛇鲻、卷茎蓼、石斛和桑瘿。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参26-37重量份、丹皮18-30重量份、赤芍11-25重量份、生地24-35重量份、板蓝根22-36重量份、芦根12-30重量份、枇杷叶27-46重量份、莲子15-33重量份、白茅根15-31重量份、山慈菇20-38重量份、四季青13-29重量份、乌蔹莓10-24重量份、鱼腥草22-39重量份、象贝15-32重量份、马兰根27-46重量份、芦荟3-12重量份、珍珠母14-29重量份、紫贝15-33重量份、地枫皮4-12重量份、千年健18-35重量份、瓜蒌19-34重量份、爵床14-29重量份、良旺茶14-27重量份、佛甲草15-34重量份、菝葜11-26重量份、鹿藿7-21重量份、莱菔子25-44重量份、江珧壳22-35重量份、肾蕨20-38重量份、打碗花6-15重量份、鳡鱼8-17重量份、蛇鲻4-12重量份、卷茎蓼5-14重量份、石斛3-8重量份和桑瘿8-14重量份。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数为:玄参29重量份、丹皮25重量份、赤芍19重量份、生地33重量份、板蓝根33重量份、芦根20重量份、枇杷叶41重量份、莲子17重量份、白茅根28重量份、山慈菇31重量份、四季青17重量份、乌蔹莓20重量份、鱼腥草35重量份、象贝23重量份、马兰根43重量份、芦荟9重量份、珍珠母17重量份、紫贝21重量份、地枫皮4重量份、千年健20重量份、瓜蒌30重量份、爵床24重量份、良旺茶18重量份、佛甲草21重量份、菝葜15重量份、鹿藿12重量份、莱菔子39重量份、江珧壳28重量份、肾蕨24重量份、打碗花6重量份、鳡鱼10重量份、蛇鲻9重量份、卷茎蓼11重量份、石斛4重量份和桑瘿12重量份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步:将所述中药中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入2-3倍量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步:待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得中药散剂。
9.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
10.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的用于防治牛流行热的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步:将所述中药中的各组分按比例混合,投入粉碎机进行粉碎或直接切碎,装入煎煮容器中,加入2-3倍量水使其浸没药材,浸泡10-25分钟后,加热至沸腾40-70分钟后,分离煎出液,药渣再次加水进行煎煮2-3次,分离收集每次的煎出液,再经过过滤后,取滤液弃滤渣;
第二步:待滤液冷却后,加入相对于浓缩后液体重量1-2倍的醇浓度为80-90%乙醇,充分混合均匀,放置过夜,使其沉淀,次日取其上清液过滤后得到滤液,沉淀物用醇浓度为50-60%的乙醇洗净,收集洗液并与滤液合并,减压收回乙醇后,移置放冷处,静置0.5-1小时,使沉淀完全,过滤,滤液低温蒸发,获得膏状物;
第三步:将膏状物放入喷雾干燥机中干燥,保证进风温度在180℃-200℃,出风温度70℃-90℃,随后粉碎成300目-400目,获得中药散剂。
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