CN108391781A - 表面的着色 - Google Patents

表面的着色 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108391781A
CN108391781A CN201810119975.4A CN201810119975A CN108391781A CN 108391781 A CN108391781 A CN 108391781A CN 201810119975 A CN201810119975 A CN 201810119975A CN 108391781 A CN108391781 A CN 108391781A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thin slice
tio
sio
mixture
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201810119975.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·施魏因富特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Publication of CN108391781A publication Critical patent/CN108391781A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0051—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index
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    • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/305—Products for covering, coating, finishing, decorating
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    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
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    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/0002—Processes of manufacture not relating to composition and compounding ingredients
    • A23G3/0063—Coating or filling sweetmeats or confectionery
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
    • A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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    • C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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    • C09C1/0024—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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Abstract

本发明涉及用基于薄片状的基材的效果颜料，优选珠光颜料着色表面，特别是食品表面的方法，其中(i)将效果颜料掺入糊状透明的水基材料中，和(ii)将步骤(i)中制备的施加介质施加至表面。

Description

表面的着色
技术领域
本发明涉及使用基于薄片状基材的效果颜料着色表面，特别是食品的表面的方法。
背景技术
除了用于功能用途之外，效果颜料(例如金属、珠光和干涉颜料)正在越来越多地被采用以用于提升产品的外观，例如在化妆品中，因为吸引人的颜色和效果为观察者和消费者带来了愉快的主观印象。在珠光颜料的制备中，例如用于食品领域，提出了颜料纯度和品质的严格要求。珠光颜料已经在食品领域中采用以用于改善颜色效果或赋予颜色。
以非常多样的方式将珠光颜料施加于表面，例如食品表面，或掺入食品中。在施加于表面(例如食品表面)的情况下，取决于所需的颜色效果和食品的类型，必须选择任何用于该应用的施加介质以匹配食品。此处术语“施加介质”通常是指出于施加目的，珠光颜料掺入其中的流体。任何所使用的施加方法也对珠光效应的质和量具有显著的影响。所需的施加方法通常不适用于食品，或不适用于或仅限制地适用于对于着色可能或所需的施加介质。
珠光颜料通常通过例如喷涂方法和任选的随后干燥步骤施加到表面。该工序是复杂和昂贵的。在使用巧克力味涂料作为珠光颜料的施加介质时，作为该过程的结果的清洁努力可能对成本和工艺时间做出相当大的贡献。如果直接使用珠光颜料，即不使用施加介质，在生产区域存在颜料粉尘交叉污染的风险。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种将珠光颜料施加到表面的简单方法，其另外可以施加到多种表面，特别是非常多样的食品的表面，并且同时在成本效益、表面视觉印象和实用性方面拓展了现有施加方法的范围。
令人惊讶地，已经发现珠光颜料可以通过以下方法有利地施加至表面，其中首先将珠光颜料掺入糊状透明的水基施加介质中并且随后将该混合物施加至表面。
优选的效果颜料为基于薄片状基材的珠光颜料和干涉颜料，该薄片状基材已经被一种或多种金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物所涂覆。
术语“薄片状基材”是指本领域技术人员已知的所有薄片状基材。用于效果颜料，例如珠光颜料和干涉颜料的合适的基础基材是透明或半透明的薄片状基材。特别合适的是层状硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、薄片状铁氧化物(iron oxide)或铝氧化物(aluminium oxide)、玻璃薄片，SiO2薄片、TiO2薄片、薄片状混合氧化物，例如FeTiO3、Fe2TiO5或其它相当的材料，这取决于在食品中使用的相应的法律批准。
基础基材的尺寸本身并不重要并且可以与各自意欲的应用相匹配。一般地，薄片状基材具有0.005-10μm的厚度，特别是0.05-5μm。在两个其它维度的尺寸通常是1-500μm，优选2-200μm和特别是5-150μm。非常特别优选的珠光颜料具有10-60μm或5-25μm或10-150μm或5-50μm的粒径。
优选的效果颜料，例如珠光颜料，是基于天然云母薄片、合成云母薄片、SiO2薄片、Al2O3薄片、TiO2薄片、玻璃薄片、Fe2O3薄片，特别是合成云母薄片、天然云母薄片和SiO2薄片(在欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E555或E551)。合成薄片，例如合成云母薄片、SiO2薄片、Al2O3薄片、TiO2薄片和玻璃薄片可以是掺杂的或未掺杂的。合适的掺杂剂尤其为金属氧化物，例如TiO2、ZrO2和SnO2。
所使用的珠光颜料是基于薄片状、透明或半透明基材的颜料，其包含例如层状硅酸盐、例如天然云母、合成云母、滑石、绢云母或高岭土，或者包含玻璃或其它硅酸盐材料，其单独或以均匀层或连续层中的混合物的形式涂覆有着色或无色的金属氧化物，例如TiO2、低价钛氧化物、氮氧化钛、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、SnO2、ZnO和其它金属氧化物。基于合成或天然云母薄片的特别优选的珠光颜料涂覆有一种或多种选自TiO2、Fe2O3和Fe3O4或其混合物的金属氧化物或具有由交替的高折射率层和低折射率层组成的多层涂层，例如TiO2-SiO2-TiO2。
此外，优选TiO2-和/或Fe2O3-涂覆的SiO2或Al2O3薄片。用一种或多种金属氧化物涂覆SiO2薄片可以例如如在WO 93/08237(湿化学涂覆)或DE-A 196 14 637(CVD方法)中所描述的进行。
施加于薄片状基材的金属氧化物也优选是适合人类消费的食品级别的材料(欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E171(TiO2)或E172(铁氧化物))。
此外优选具有不同粒径的珠光颜料混合物。如果将具有“小”粒径，例如5-25μm或10-60μm的珠光颜料与具有“大”粒径，例如10-150μm的珠光颜料混合，可以实现特别的效果。
在基础基材上的各个层，优选一个或多个金属氧化物层的厚度优选为10-500nm，特别是20-400nm和非常特别优选30-350nm。
在多层颜料的情况下，其优选在基材表面上具有交替的高折射率层和低折射率层(A)(B)(A)，高折射率层(层A)通常具有10-500nm的层厚度，优选20-400nm和特别是30-350nm。低折射率层的厚度(层B)优选为10-500nm，优选20-400nm，特别是30-350nm。
在本申请中高折射率层是指具有≥1.8的折射率的层，例如TiO2、Fe2O3或Fe3O4，而低折射率层具有<1.8的折射率，例如SiO2、Al2O3或AlO(OH)。
效果颜料，优选珠光颜料，可以包括多个相同或不同的层组(layer package)的组合，但是在多层颜料的情况下仅用一个层组(A)(B)(A)涂覆基材是优选的。为了增加着色力，根据本发明的颜料可以包含至多4个层组，但是在这种情况下，基材上的所有层的厚度不应该超过3μm。在基材表面上具有3层或更多层的多层颜料的情况下，优选对薄片状基材施加奇数个层，各自在最内和最外位置上具有高折射率层。呈顺序(A)(B)(A)的三个光学干涉层的结构是特别优选的。合适的高折射率层优选为TiO2、Fe2O3和/或Fe3O4，或钛氧化物和铁氧化物的混合物。此处TiO2可以是金红石变型或锐钛矿变型。
适用于涂层(B)的合适的无色低折射率材料优选为金属氧化物或相应的氧化物水合物，例如SiO2、Al2O3、AlO(OH)、B2O3、MgF2、MgS iO3或所述金属氧化物的混合物，根据食品或药物产品中所使用的法律批准。
用于食品领域的特别优选的珠光颜料是用具有10nm-500nm厚度的金属氧化物层(TiO2或Fe2O3或Fe3O4)覆盖的云母薄片(合成或天然)或SiO2薄片。薄片的厚度在200nm至900nm的范围内。取决于所采用的薄片和施加的金属氧化物层的厚度以及金属氧化物的类型，这类颜料的特征在于特别强烈的干涉颜色和/或强烈的角度依赖的随角异色效应。后者是显而易见的，因为观察者在相对于着色物体改变其观察位置时感觉到不同的颜色。
优选的效果颜料特别选自以下提及的颜料：
天然云母薄片+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物。
基于施加介质的总重量，珠光颜料或珠光颜料的混合物优选以0.05-45wt％，特别是0.5-25wt％，特别优选5-15wt％的量采用。
除了水和珠光颜料之外，施加介质优选还包含稳定剂(S)，其用来将效果颜料，优选珠光颜料在混合物中保持悬浮状态，即防止其沉降。
稳定剂已知有多种，并且被原样使用。一类可能的稳定剂包含胶体微晶纤维素(MCC)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的组合。特别地，可以采用来自欧盟批准的食品添加剂的清单的以下稳定剂：E322、E401、E402、E403、E404、E405、E406、E407、E410、E412、E413、E414、E415、E416、E417、E418、E422、E423、E424、E425、E426、E440、E445、E460、E463、E464、E465、E466、E458、E469、E499、E551、E553、E554、E1201、E1202、E1404、E1410、E1412、E1413、E1414、E1420、E1422、E1440、E1442、E1450、E1520。根据本发明，优选E466(羧甲基纤维素钠)。
基于施加介质的总重量，所述稳定剂优选以0.25-8wt％，特别优选0.5-4wt％，非常特别优选1.0-3.0wt％的量使用。
此外，所述施加介质优选包含水分调节剂(F)，这使得施加介质在表面上快速和均匀的初始干燥和最终干燥。
水分调节剂已知有多种，并且被原样使用。尤其是可以使用来自欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的以下水分调节剂：E420，E422，E964，E968，E1200，E1520。根据本发明，优选E1520(1,2-丙二醇)。
基于施加介质的总重量，水分调节剂优选以0.5-25wt％，特别优选2.0-15wt％，非常特别优选3.0-11.0wt％的量使用。
此外，所述施加介质优选包含乳化剂(E)，其保证在施加介质中存在的组分的均匀混合。
乳化剂已知有多种，并且被原样使用。尤其是可以使用来自欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的以下乳化剂：E322、E405、E426、E432、E442、E444、E459、E470a、E471、E472b、E472e、E473、E476、E481、E483、E491、E920。根据本发明，优选E322(大豆或向日葵卵磷脂)。
基于施加介质的总重量，乳化剂优选以0.25-5wt％，特别优选0.5-3wt％，非常特别优选1.0-2.0wt％的量使用。
此外，所述施加介质优选包含防腐剂(K)，其保证施加介质混合物的微生物稳定性。
防腐剂已知有多种，并且被原样使用。尤其是可以使用来自欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的防腐剂：E200、E202、E203、E210、E211、E212、E213、E214、E215、E218、E219、E220、E221、E222、E223、E224、E226、E228、E231、E232、E234、E235、E239、E242、E249、E250、E251、E252、E260、E261、E262、E263、E280、E281、E282、E283、E284、E285、E1105、E1519。根据本发明优选的防腐剂是E202与食品酸味剂(例如，E330、E270或其它食品酸味剂)的组合。
基于施加介质的总重量，防腐剂混合物优选以0.1-1.5wt％，优选0.2-1wt％，特别优选0.25-0.5wt％的量使用。防腐剂混合物通常由75-90wt％的食品酸味剂和10-25wt％的实际防腐剂组成。
可以任选将其它组分(W)，例如甜味剂、调味剂或其他染料加入到施加介质混合物中。
在优选的实施方案中，所述施加介质包含水+S+F+E+K+效果颜料，优选至少一种珠光颜料，+任选的W。
在本发明其它实施方案中，所述施加介质混合物可以进一步用水稀释，或在基础配方中的一些水可以已经被乙醇所替代。后一种工序缩短了所施加的施加介质的干燥时间，并增加了施加介质混合物的微生物稳定性。
所述施加介质混合物可以使用常规混合方法和搅拌器，典型地使用开放容器制备。将施加介质混合物的组分S、F、E、K，在每一种情况下如果存在，和任选的W以任何所需的顺序引入到装有水的容器中或所有同时和随后通过搅拌混合。混合方法可以任选地通过温热来加速。
随后将单独珠光颜料、珠光颜料的组合，或两种上述选择与其它的染料/颜料的组合，所述染料/颜料为例如甜菜根、β-胡萝卜素、辣椒粉E160c、花青素、焦糖、生物炭、胭脂红E120、核黄素、焦糖色素E150、姜黄素等，矿物食品染料(铁氧化物、二氧化钛等)或合成食品染料(E131、E129、E133、E127、E141、E102、E122、E124、E110、E123、E132、E104等)在进一步的搅拌下加入到组分S、F、E、K和任选的W的制备的水基混合物中。同样也适用于与所谓的着色植物和水果提取物、着色食品(例如黑胡萝卜、荨麻(s t inging nett le)、螺旋藻等)组合使用。如果需要，可以将任何类型的调味剂和甜味剂，例如阿斯巴甜、乙酰舒泛K(acesulfame K)、甜叶菊、糖精、甜蜜素等添加到所述介质中。
所述施加介质可以通过简单的方法，例如通过手工施加，施加到表面，特别是食品表面。所述施加介质也可以在表面上作为装饰使用，而没有在相应干燥之后预先涂覆。为此目的，通过相应的模具或衬底(under lay)预先将其转换成所需的形状。
根据本发明的施加介质可以用于表面的着色，特别是多种非常不同的食品表面的着色，所述施加介质易于制备并且仅由依照食品法批准的组分组成。
珠光颜料可以0.05-45wt％的宽浓度范围存在于施加介质中。本发明使得新颖和更强烈的珠光效果成为可能。通过本发明可以着色迄今只能困难地或者在没有令人满意的效果的情况下用珠光颜料着色的产品。掺入施加介质后，没有发生珠光颜料的沉降。珠光颜料可以与其他染料/颜料(例如，天然着色植物提取物、合成染料)组合。单独添加任何类型的调味剂和甜味剂也是可能的。施加介质可以通过简单的方法施加于产品，例如，通过手工施加。在着色过程中避免珠光粉尘防止了污染发生。
具体实施方式
以下实施例旨在解释本发明，而不是限制本发明。除非另有指明，在本申请中所有的百分比是重量百分比。
实施例:
实施例1:煮熟的蛋(hard-boiled egg)的着色
施加介质:
80wt％的水
A1)Gold Lustre(云母+二氧化钛+铁氧化物)
A2)Brown Amber(云母+铁氧化物)
A3)Gold Shimmer(云母+二氧化钛)
A4)Silver Lustre(云母+二氧化钛)
A5)Silver Lustre+Gold Lustre(9:1wt％)
A6)Silver Lustre+E131(重量比:0.005:0.5)
A7)Silver Lustre+E153或E172黑(重量比:0.01:1)
A8)NXT Ruby Red:(二氧化硅+铁氧化物)
A9)Red Lustre(云母+铁氧化物)
A10)Silver Lustre+Red Lustre(重量比:8:2)
A11)Silver Lustre+Silver Sparkle(重量比:8:2),云母+二氧化钛二者:具有较大颗粒直径的Silver Sparkle
施加介质的制备
首先将水与山梨酸钾和柠檬酸一起引入，用桨式搅拌器搅拌，并且将混合物加热至最高80℃。在加热期间，加入羧甲基纤维素钠并不断搅拌。继续搅拌(约45分钟)直到所有的纤维素溶解。或者，混合物可以在不供应热量的情况下搅拌3小时。
一旦所有的羧甲基纤维素钠已经溶解在水中，就在室温下加入1,2-丙二醇和卵磷脂，并继续搅拌直至所有成分均匀分布。然后搅拌入指示量的颜料。
着色
蛋是煮熟的并且随后通过根据本发明的施加介质对其进行着色。为此，将少量的介质置于手套上。另外一只手也戴着手套。煮熟的蛋应该是温热和干燥的。施加介质通过在手中来回摩擦而均匀分布在温热的蛋壳上。由于蛋的余热，施加介质迅速干燥，产生非常均匀的珠光着色。蛋可以有白色或棕色的外壳，这取决于所选的珠光颜料。
2-17wt％不同的珠光颜料量为会导致不同强度的所得珠光效果。
没有颜色渗透过蛋壳。
实施例2:巧克力和果仁糖
实施例2.1:一般地，现成的果仁糖、巧克力和巧克力涂覆产品可以随后用珠光颜料施加介质进行修饰或装饰。
施加介质:
60wt％的水
如实施例1制备施加介质
着色:
施加介质通过细喷嘴、抹刀或刷子施加到待着色的巧克力产品的区域。然后将着色涂层在室温下干燥直至完全干燥。
介质的粘度可以通过额外添加水来降低。这使得介质在适当的情况下可以更好地施加于某些产品区域。干燥时间因此增加。
实施例2.2:巧克力模具的预着色
施加介质:
80wt％的水
施加介质的制备:
如实施例1所描述的将组分混合。在添加颜料之前，再加入50wt％的水并继续搅拌，直至所有物质均匀分布。
将5wt％的所选的根据A1)至A11)的珠光颜料加入到该混合物中。
着色:
由塑料(例如聚碳酸酯)或金属制成的巧克力模具可以使用根据本发明的施加介质来非常简单地进行预先装饰。在这种情况下，将含颜料的施加介质引入模具中的所需点。随后在风扇辅助的烘箱或干燥箱中干燥模具。模具的着色可以通过合适的喷嘴、移液管、刷子或手来进行。
介质的粘度可以通过额外添加水来降低。这使得介质在适当的情况下可以更好地施加于某些产品区域。干燥时间因此增加。
在施加介质的制备期间，一些水可以任选地被乙醇(食品级80-99.99vol％)代替。这加速了最后的干燥。5-30％的水可以用乙醇代替。
实施例2.3:此外，类似于实施例1，可以用手将巧克力产品均匀地着色。
实施例3:其它糖果的装饰
类似于巧克力和果仁糖的装饰(实施例2)，其他糖果(例如，杏仁蛋白糖或方旦糖产品)可随后使用根据本发明的施加介质进行修饰或装饰。
与巧克力和果仁糖相比，这些产品在施加后可以在更高的温度下干燥。
否则，适用如实施例2中所述的相同的配方变体，制备过程和着色可能性。
实施例4:谷物的装饰、着色
使用常规的珠光施加方法，只能困难地着色挤出的早餐谷物。通过稀释糖溶液的施加仍然给出最好的结果，但是这也增加了产品中糖的比例。另外，结晶糖可以导致珠光效果的降低。
通过研发的含有珠光的施加介质，谷物也可以毫无困难地着色。
施加介质(基料(base)):
70wt％的水
根据需要任选的甜味剂和调味剂。
然后取决于所需的珠光效果将相应的珠光颜料单独或组合地和/或另外的其它染料或着色水果和植物提取物加入到如实施例1中制备的该基料中。
着色:
实施例4.1:圆形，挤出的巧克力谷物
将谷物引入炊具。其配有升降刀片(lifter blade)。接通干燥空气(40–50℃)。
谷物的初始重量：40g
施加介质:
10wt％的Silver Lustre Merck KGaA
0.05wt％的生物炭 CHR Hansen
89.95wt％的施加介质基料(如上所制备)
将总共60克(＝谷物量的15％)的施加介质一点一点地施加到在炊具中旋转的谷物上。每次施加施加10克施加介质。其分布在谷物上。将干燥的空气引导到谷物上。一旦施加物已经干燥，就可以将相应的施加量再次施加到谷物上，直到达到期望的颜色效果。然后将谷物干燥，例如在干燥箱或烘箱中干燥，直到初始水分含量恢复。
实施例4.2:圆形，挤出的巧克力谷物
工序如实施例4.1。
谷物的初始重量:400g
施加介质:5wt％的Gold Lustre Merck KGaA 3wt％的Gold Sparkle Merck KGaA 92wt％的施加介质基料(如以上制备)
施加的量:50g(＝12.5％)
实施例4.3:长方形(oblong)、挤出的粮食谷物
工序如实施例4.1。
谷物的初始重量:500g
施加介质:12％的NXT Ruby Red Merck KGaA 88％的施加介质基料(如上制备)
施加的量:40g(＝8％)
实施例5:爆米花的着色和装饰
作为一种可能的(常规的)选择，开始考虑通过用于爆米花生产的糖或脂肪(fat)将爆米花着色。然而，糖的快速焦糖化会导致掩盖珠光效果。通常可以通过用于爆米花生产的脂肪使咸的爆米花着色。通过脂肪的着色也仅在密封的微波爆米花的情况下是令人满意地起效的，但颜料的必需的使用量非常大。
类似于谷物，爆米花可以容易地通过根据本发明的包含珠光颜料的透明施加介质来着色或装饰。
实施例5.1:加糖的爆米花
爆米花的初始重量:300g
施加介质:5wt％的Red Lustre Merck KGaA 3wt％的Red Sparkle Merck KGaA 92wt％的施加介质基料
(如实施例4的组成和制备)
施加的量:50g(＝16.67％)
将总共50克(＝16.67％)的施加介质一点一点地施加到在炊具中旋转的爆米花上。每次施加施加10-15克介质。其分布在爆米花上，同时通入干燥空气。一旦施加物已经干燥，就可以将进一步的施加量施加到爆米花上，直到达到期望的颜色效果。然后将爆米花干燥，例如在干燥箱或烘箱中干燥，直到初始水分含量恢复。
实施例5.2:加糖的爆米花
爆米花的初始重量:300g
施加介质:10wt％的Brown Amber Merck KGaA
90wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例4的组成和制备)
施加的量:60g(＝20％)
实施例6:糖衣丸(巧克力，有糖/无糖)
类似于常规的糖衣涂覆，将含有珠光颜料的施加介质手工施加于在炊具中旋转的巧克力糖衣丸。这里也是连续地施加层，直到达到期望的效果。一旦一层已经干燥，就可以进一步添加。少量的施加产生大理石效果，而增加量的施加会导致非常均匀的珠光着色。
施加介质(基料):
70wt％的水
任选添加甜味剂和调味剂。乙醇的含量可以改变以调整配方或甚至完全被水和1,2-丙二醇代替。
实施例6.1:涂覆有黑巧克力的榛子
将糖衣丸引入炊具。其装配有升降刀片(lifting blade)。接通干燥空气(25℃)。
糖衣丸的初始重量:1000g
施加介质:10wt％的Silver Lustre Merck KGaA 90wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:80g(＝8％)
实施例6.2:涂覆有牛奶巧克力的巧克力咖啡豆
如实施例6.1制备
糖衣丸的初始重量:1200g
施加介质:10wt％的Brown Amber Merck KGaA 90wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:95g(＝7.9％)
实施例6.3:用白巧克力涂覆的葡萄干
如实施例6.1制备
糖衣丸的初始重量:1000g
施加介质:8wt％的Gold Shimmer Merck KGaA
92wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:60g(＝6％)
实施例6.4:糖衣巧克力扣形物(button)，白色
糖衣丸的初始重量:1000g
施加介质:8wt％的Brown Amber Merck KGaA92wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:100g(＝10％)
实施例6.5:异麦芽酮糖醇涂覆的口香糖小丸，白色
糖衣丸的初始重量:1000g
施加介质:8wt％的Brown Amber Merck KGaA 92wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:80g(＝8％)
实施例6.6:糖衣杏仁，红色
糖衣丸的初始重量:800g
施加介质:8wt％的Silver Lustre Merck KGaA 92wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例6的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:72g(＝9％)
实施例6.7:糖衣丸的进一步表面优化
在巧克力涂覆产品(实施例6.1-6.3)和有糖或无糖涂覆产品(实施例6.4-6.6)二者的情况下，如果在施加了施加介质之后和在特定干燥时间之后也施加虫胶、乙醇和珠光颜料的混合物，珠光可以进一步改善。理想情况下，这可以是已经存在于介质中的珠光颜料(一种或多种)，但其他组合也是可能的。将虫胶/乙醇/珠光颜料混合物手动铺展在在炊具中旋转的糖衣丸上，并用空气流干燥。或者，混合物也可以喷涂。
组成(实施例):
90wt％的乙醇虫胶溶液(2–50％虫胶含量)(例如425或(Mantrose-Haeuser Co.,Inc.)
10wt％的珠光颜料(选自根据实施例1的A1-A11)
在添加珠光颜料之前，可以用乙醇进一步稀释虫胶溶液(例如用2倍或5倍量的乙醇(食品级)稀释1份虫胶溶液)。
施加的量:5–40g/kg的产品–取决于稀释度
在虫胶溶液中珠光颜料的量(2-50％虫胶含量)+1–40％的颜料，优选:5–25％的颜料
实施例7:压缩产品的着色
使用珠光颜料直接着色压缩产品没有什么意义，因为首先所得的珠光不太可见，其次高颜料使用量是必要的。喷涂通常需要长的生产时间，并经常在着色过程中也导致压缩产品的损坏。
压缩产品的均匀着色可以通过根据本发明的施加介质来实现。着色有利地在涂布炊具中进行，并遵循实施例6中所述的原理。根据本发明的施加介质的另一个优点在于其在压缩产品周围迅速形成保护层。这大大减少了经常观察到的“变圆(rounding)”。令人关注的“大理石珠光效果”可以通过仅少数几次施加而快速获得。
在着色之后，如果需要，所述压缩产品可以在烘箱等中干燥至产品的原始水分含量。
施加介质(基料):
72wt％的水
为了调整配方，可以任选地添加甜味剂和/或调味剂。乙醇的含量可以变化以调整配方，或乙醇甚至可以完全被水和1,2-丙二醇代替。
实施例7.1:薄荷压缩产品，白色
产品的初始重量:500g
珠光介质:8wt％的Silver Sparkle,Merck KGaA 92wt％的施加介质(如实施例7的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:40g(＝8％)
实施例7.2:柠檬压缩产品，淡黄色
产品的初始重量:500g
珠光介质:6wt％的Gold Lustre Sparkle,Merck KGaA
94wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例7的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:50g(＝10％)
实施例8:棉花糖的着色和装饰
在使用珠光颜料着色棉花糖中，迄今尚未获得令人满意的结果。根据本发明的施加介质的施加使得在棉花糖的表面上容易实现珠光效果。
该施加是在涂布炊具中进行的。处理顺序如实施例6所述进行。
介质的组成类似于压缩产物的组成(实施例7)。这同样适用于其可能的变型。
实施例8.1:棉花糖的着色，白色
产品的初始重量:300g
珠光介质:10wt％的Silver Sparkle Merck KGaA 90wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例7的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:51g(＝17％)
实施例8.2:棉花糖的着色，淡绿色
产品的初始重量:300g
珠光介质:10wt％的Gold Sparkle Merck KGaA 90wt％的施加介质基料(如实施例7的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:51g(＝17％)
实施例8.3:棉花糖的着色，粉红色
产品的初始重量:300g
珠光介质:8wt％的Silver Sparkle Merck KGaA 92wt％的基料(如实施例7的组成，如实施例4的制备)
施加的量:42g(＝14％)
实施例9:装饰花边和装饰片的生产
装饰花边是指通过在有机硅模具中薄薄地铺展根据本发明的施加介质而制成的金银丝细工(filigree)形状和装饰。它们在特定的干燥时间后从模具中移出，并且可以用于例如糖果、冰淇淋、巧克力、蛋、果仁糖、烘焙物、蛋糕和糕点(gateaux)、甜点、肉酱(patés)、肉冻(aspic)和其他食品的修饰。这里的干燥时间可以设定为使产品仍然具有一定的弹性。
使用所得装饰物作为可食用的身体首饰也是可能的。在这里，通过合适的粘合剂将装饰物施加到相应的身体区域。当用作可食用化妆品时，糊剂还可以进一步也直接施加于待着色的身体区域。身体热量导致在皮肤上快速干燥。
装饰片是指非常薄的片状结构，其通过在平基材上非常薄地铺展开珠光介质而产生。这些基材可以由例如塑料或金属组成。铺展开后，将产品例如在干燥箱或烘箱中干燥，直至完全干燥。在干燥之后，装饰片可以从基材上移除，然后可以整体地使用，部分使用或者相应地将其切割或切成小块用于食品的修饰，如相应地列出的，例如在上述装饰花边的情况下。
实施例9.1:装饰花边的配方:
76wt％的水
为了调整配方，可以任选地添加甜味剂和/或调味剂。水和1,2-丙二醇的比例可以变化，以便专门针对消费者调整配方。
可以同样加入乙醇以加速干燥。
制备之后，将施加介质薄薄铺展在有机硅模具中，并在约70℃在干燥箱中干燥2-3小时。然后可小心地将装饰物从模具中取出。
例如，如在实施例1中指出的，存在着施加介质与珠光颜料，珠光颜料的组合或珠光颜料与其它天然、矿物和合成食品染料或颜料的组合的着色可能性。
实施例9.2:装饰片的配方
80wt％的水
为了调整配方，可以任选地添加甜味剂和/或调味剂。水和1,2-丙二醇的比例可以变化，以便使配方专门针对消费者调整。
可以同样加入乙醇以加速干燥。
制备之后，将施加介质在适当的基材(塑料、金属等)上非常薄地铺展开，并且随后在约70℃的干燥箱或烘箱中干燥，直至完全干燥。随后装饰片可以完全分离并且作为整体使用，部分使用或者切成小块作为食品的装饰或修饰，如装饰花边情况下所描述的。
基于云母或SiO2薄片的在实施例中所使用的珠光和干涉颜料(来自Merck的颜料)具有以下组成和粒径：

Claims (22)

1.使用基于薄片状基材的效果颜料着色表面的方法，其特征在于(i)将效果颜料掺入糊状透明的水基材料中，和(ii)将步骤(i)中制备的施加介质施加到所述表面。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述表面是食品表面或人体表面。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述效果颜料为珠光颜料、干涉颜料或多层颜料。
4.根据权利要求1-3的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材是天然云母薄片、合成云母薄片、滑石、高岭土、玻璃薄片、二氧化硅薄片、二氧化钛薄片、铝氧化物薄片或铁氧化物薄片。
5.根据权利要求1-4的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材被一层或多层的金属氧化物和/或金属氧化物混合物完全涂覆。
6.根据权利要求1-5的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材被二氧化钛和/或铁氧化物涂覆。
7.根据权利要求1-6的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于所述效果颜料选自以下提及的颜料的组：
天然云母薄片+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于施加介质的总重量采用0.05-45wt％的珠光颜料。
9.根据权利要求1-8的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于采用(i)单独的效果颜料，(ii)其混合物或(iii)单独的效果颜料与其它染料和/或颜料的混合物或(iv)珠光颜料的混合物与其它染料和/或颜料的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1-9的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于额外地采用调味剂和/或甜味剂。
11.根据权利要求1-10的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于糊状透明材料额外地包含至少一种选自稳定剂、水分调节剂、乳化剂和防腐剂的组分。
12.根据权利要求1-11的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于所述糊状透明材料包含水、至少一种稳定剂、至少一种水分调节剂、至少一种乳化剂和至少一种防腐剂以及任选的其他组分。
13.根据权利要求1-12的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于施加介质的总重量以0.25-8wt％的量采用稳定剂。
14.根据权利要求1-13的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于施加介质的总重量以0.5-25wt％的量采用水分调节剂。
15.根据权利要求1-14的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于施加介质的总重量以0.25-5wt％的量采用乳化剂。
16.根据权利要求1-15的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于施加介质的总重量以0.1-1.5wt％的量采用防腐剂。
17.根据权利要求1-16的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于所述施加介质额外地包含乙醇。
18.根据权利要求1-17的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于首先将施加介质通过相应的模具或衬底转换成所需的形状并且随后施加至表面。
19.包含水、至少一种稳定剂、至少一种水分调节剂、至少一种乳化剂、至少一种防腐剂和任选的其它组分的材料。
20.用于将基于薄片形状的基材的效果颜料施加至表面的介质，其特征在于所述介质包含一种或多种效果颜料和根据权利要求19的材料。
21.提供有根据权利要求20的介质的表面。
22.提供有根据权利要求21的介质的表面，其中所述表面是食品的表面或人体皮肤的表面。
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