CN108380190A - 一种新型重金属吸附剂 - Google Patents

一种新型重金属吸附剂 Download PDF

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CN108380190A
CN108380190A CN201810269605.9A CN201810269605A CN108380190A CN 108380190 A CN108380190 A CN 108380190A CN 201810269605 A CN201810269605 A CN 201810269605A CN 108380190 A CN108380190 A CN 108380190A
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Abstract

本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种新型重金属吸附剂。该型重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末、凹凸棒土、改性木质纤维素、氯化锰、氧化铁、聚合氯化铝、聚酰胺树脂、表面活性和络合剂。其中,羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。改性木质纤维素是利用氢氧化钠和蒙脱土对木质纤维素进行改性。该重金属吸附剂采用复合成分对重金属进行有效吸附,吸附后的产物不溶于水,密度较大,能够进行自然沉降,容易对污染物进行分离。

Description

一种新型重金属吸附剂
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种新型重金属吸附剂。
背景技术
空气污染、水污染和土壤污染时环境问题中最重要的三个部分,水污染问题和其他两种污染形式优息息相关;例如,空气污染会因为雨雪天气过程而减弱,而空气污染物又会附着在降水中,进而影响地表水的水质,而土壤污染会因为地表水的渗透,进而导致地下水污染。所以说,各种环境污染问题之间相互联系,相互影响,需要协同应对和解决。
在水污染的各种形式中,重金属污染的影响最为严重,重金属的污染主要来源工业污染,其次是交通污染和生活垃圾污染。重金属会随着水源在人和动物、植物中富集,从而对环境和人的健康造成很大的危害。重金属污染处理过程需要使用重金属吸附剂进行处理,常规的重金属吸附剂存在易流失、分离困难、吸附效率低的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种新型重金属吸附剂,这种重金属吸附剂采用复合成分对重金属进行有效吸附,吸附后的产物不溶于水,密度较大,能够进行自然沉降,容易对污染物进行分离。
为了达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种新型重金属吸附剂,按照质量份数,该重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末70-80份,凹凸棒土80-85份,改性木质纤维素25-30份,氯化锰6-9份,氧化铁4-8份,聚合氯化铝5-12份,聚酰胺树脂8-10份,表面活性剂4-6份,络合剂3-7份。
优选地,按照质量份数,该重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末74-76份,凹凸棒土82-83份,改性木质纤维素27-28份,氯化锰7-8份,氧化铁5-6份,聚合氯化铝9-11份,聚酰胺树脂9-10份,表面活性剂4-5份,络合剂5-6份。
优选地,羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。
本发明中,改性木质纤维素的制备方法为:将木质纤维素加入到0.1-0.2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,配置成木质纤维素浓度为30-35g/L的悬浊液,然后加入质量为木质纤维素质量1.5-2倍的蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后将混合物送入到水浴箱中进行加热反应,水浴箱内的温度为60-70℃,反应4-6h后,将反应产物洗涤至中性,过滤、干燥后得到的粉状物质即为改性木质纤维素。
优选地,凹凸棒土的目数为250-300目。
优选地,表面活性剂选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵或烷基聚氧乙烯基醚类表面活性剂。
优选地,络合剂选用巯基乙酸或2-巯基苯并噻唑。
本发明提供的新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法为:按照质量份数,将羟基磷石灰粉末、聚合氯化铝、凹凸棒土、聚酰胺树脂和改性木质纤维素搅拌混合均匀,然后将混合物投入到反应釜中,反应釜中加入到相当于混合物体积4-6倍的去离子水,反应釜内的温度升高至55-60℃,将反应釜内的物质搅拌成悬浊液,搅拌的同时将氯化锰、氧化铁、表面活性剂和络合剂加入到反应釜中,搅拌的转速为140-160r/min,搅拌时间为25-30min,搅拌完成后将混合物干燥脱水,粉碎、研磨得到所需重金属吸附剂。
优选地,重金属吸附剂用于处理重金属污染的工业废水。
本发明具有如下的有益效果:
该型重金属吸附剂是由多种吸附材料复合制备而成的新型吸附剂,其中的凹凸棒土既作为其他成分的载体,同时自身也具有很强的吸附性,除了吸附重金属元素之外,还能吸附污水中的不溶性悬浮物。
改性木质纤维素是利用含有活性功能基团的木质纤维素和纳米蒙脱土来对污染物和重金属进行吸附,这种材料不仅吸附性强,生产成本低、并且对环境无毒无害,性质非常优秀。
聚合氯化铝主要是利用产生的铝离子对污水中的悬浮物和进行吸附,氯离子和锰离子等则可以结合污水中的可溶物粒子使其沉降,达到分离污染物的效果。
羟基磷石灰、聚酰胺类物质在吸附重金属后会和其他物质反应并自然沉降,达到污染物和水的自然分离效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述,以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种新型重金属吸附剂,按照质量份数,该重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末70份,凹凸棒土80份,改性木质纤维素25份,氯化锰6份,氧化铁4份,聚合氯化铝5份,聚酰胺树脂8份,表面活性剂4份,络合剂3份。
其中,羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。
本实施例中,改性木质纤维素的制备方法为:将木质纤维素加入到0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,配置成木质纤维素浓度为30g/L的悬浊液,然后加入质量为木质纤维素质量1.5倍的蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后将混合物送入到水浴箱中进行加热反应,水浴箱内的温度为60℃,反应4h后,将反应产物洗涤至中性,过滤、干燥后得到的粉状物质即为改性木质纤维素。
该吸附剂成分中,凹凸棒土的目数为250目;表面活性剂选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;络合剂选用巯基乙酸。
本实施例提供的新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法为:按照质量份数,将羟基磷石灰粉末、聚合氯化铝、凹凸棒土、聚酰胺树脂和改性木质纤维素搅拌混合均匀,然后将混合物投入到反应釜中,反应釜中加入到相当于混合物体积4倍的去离子水,反应釜内的温度升高至55℃,将反应釜内的物质搅拌成悬浊液,搅拌的同时将氯化锰、氧化铁、表面活性剂和络合剂加入到反应釜中,搅拌的转速为140r/min,搅拌时间为25min,搅拌完成后将混合物干燥脱水,粉碎、研磨得到所需重金属吸附剂。该重金属吸附剂用于处理重金属污染的工业废水。
实施例2
一种新型重金属吸附剂,按照质量份数,该重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末80份,凹凸棒土85份,改性木质纤维素30份,氯化锰9份,氧化铁8份,聚合氯化铝12份,聚酰胺树脂10份,表面活性剂6份,络合剂7份。
其中,羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。
本实施例中,改性木质纤维素的制备方法为:将木质纤维素加入到0.2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,配置成木质纤维素浓度为35g/L的悬浊液,然后加入质量为木质纤维素质量2倍的蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后将混合物送入到水浴箱中进行加热反应,水浴箱内的温度为70℃,反应6h后,将反应产物洗涤至中性,过滤、干燥后得到的粉状物质即为改性木质纤维素。
该吸附剂成分中,凹凸棒土的目数为300目;表面活性剂选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;络合剂选用巯基乙酸。
本实施例提供的新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法为:按照质量份数,将羟基磷石灰粉末、聚合氯化铝、凹凸棒土、聚酰胺树脂和改性木质纤维素搅拌混合均匀,然后将混合物投入到反应釜中,反应釜中加入到相当于混合物体积6倍的去离子水,反应釜内的温度升高至60℃,将反应釜内的物质搅拌成悬浊液,搅拌的同时将氯化锰、氧化铁、表面活性剂和络合剂加入到反应釜中,搅拌的转速为160r/min,搅拌时间为30min,搅拌完成后将混合物干燥脱水,粉碎、研磨得到所需重金属吸附剂。该重金属吸附剂用于处理重金属污染的工业废水。
实施例3
一种新型重金属吸附剂,按照质量份数,该重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末75份,凹凸棒土83份,改性木质纤维素27份,氯化锰8份,氧化铁6份,聚合氯化铝9份,聚酰胺树脂9份,表面活性剂5份,络合剂5份。
其中,羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。
本实施例中,改性木质纤维素的制备方法为:将木质纤维素加入到0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,配置成木质纤维素浓度为33g/L的悬浊液,然后加入质量为木质纤维素质量1.8倍的蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后将混合物送入到水浴箱中进行加热反应,水浴箱内的温度为65℃,反应5h后,将反应产物洗涤至中性,过滤、干燥后得到的粉状物质即为改性木质纤维素。
该吸附剂成分中,凹凸棒土的目数为280目;表面活性剂选用烷基聚氧乙烯基醚类表面活性剂;络合剂选用巯基乙酸。
本实施例提供的新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法为:按照质量份数,将羟基磷石灰粉末、聚合氯化铝、凹凸棒土、聚酰胺树脂和改性木质纤维素搅拌混合均匀,然后将混合物投入到反应釜中,反应釜中加入到相当于混合物体积5倍的去离子水,反应釜内的温度升高至57℃,将反应釜内的物质搅拌成悬浊液,搅拌的同时将氯化锰、氧化铁、表面活性剂和络合剂加入到反应釜中,搅拌的转速为150r/min,搅拌时间为28min,搅拌完成后将混合物干燥脱水,粉碎、研磨得到所需重金属吸附剂。该重金属吸附剂用于处理重金属污染的工业废水。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:按照质量份数,所述重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末70-80份,凹凸棒土80-85份,改性木质纤维素25-30份,氯化锰6-9份,氧化铁4-8份,聚合氯化铝5-12份,聚酰胺树脂8-10份,表面活性剂4-6份,络合剂3-7份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:按照质量份数,所述重金属吸附剂的成分包括:羟基磷石灰粉末74-76份,凹凸棒土82-83份,改性木质纤维素27-28份,氯化锰7-8份,氧化铁5-6份,聚合氯化铝9-11份,聚酰胺树脂9-10份,表面活性剂4-5份,络合剂5-6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述羟基磷石灰粉末是脱硫石膏、磷酸钾溶液和聚四氟乙烯在反应釜中化学反应后,经干燥、研磨得到的产物。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述改性木质纤维素的制备方法为:将木质纤维素加入到0.1-0.2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,配置成木质纤维素浓度为30-35g/L的悬浊液,然后加入质量为木质纤维素质量1.5-2倍的蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后将混合物送入到水浴箱中进行加热反应,水浴箱内的温度为60-70℃,反应4-6h后,将反应产物洗涤至中性,过滤、干燥后得到的粉状物质即为改性木质纤维素。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述凹凸棒土的目数为250-300目。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵或烷基聚氧乙烯基醚类表面活性剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述络合剂选用巯基乙酸或2-巯基苯并噻唑。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述重金属吸附剂的制备方法为:按照质量份数,将羟基磷石灰粉末、聚合氯化铝、凹凸棒土、聚酰胺树脂和改性木质纤维素搅拌混合均匀,然后将混合物投入到反应釜中,反应釜中加入到相当于混合物体积4-6倍的去离子水,反应釜内的温度升高至55-60℃,将反应釜内的物质搅拌成悬浊液,搅拌的同时将氯化锰、氧化铁、表面活性剂和络合剂加入到反应釜中,搅拌的转速为140-160r/min,搅拌时间为25-30min,搅拌完成后将混合物干燥脱水,粉碎、研磨得到所需重金属吸附剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种新型重金属吸附剂,其特征在于:所述重金属吸附剂用于处理重金属污染的工业废水。
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