CN108371953A - 一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108371953A CN108371953A CN201810124271.6A CN201810124271A CN108371953A CN 108371953 A CN108371953 A CN 108371953A CN 201810124271 A CN201810124271 A CN 201810124271A CN 108371953 A CN108371953 A CN 108371953A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bcn
- catalyst
- carbon
- water
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000006000 Knoevenagel condensation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC#N ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane oxalonitrile Chemical compound N.N#CC#N BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KTUQUZJOVNIKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCCCO KTUQUZJOVNIKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- WAVNYPVYNSIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylidenepropanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WAVNYPVYNSIHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Boratex Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003935 benzaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001239 high-resolution electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/618—Surface area more than 1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域,涉及一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用。所述BCN为碳掺杂的BN材料,C原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%;N原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~80%;B原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%。所述BCN为多孔碳,孔径范围为0.1‑10nm,比表面积为10‑3000m2/g。本发明以常用的化学原料作为前驱体采用简易的方法制备出BCN材料,当用于Knoevenagel缩合反应时,该材料展现出优异的催化性能,具有较高的工业应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域,涉及一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用。
背景技术
Knoevenagel缩合反应是经由醛(或酮)与含亚甲基的分子形成碳碳键的经典反应过程,比如苯甲醛与丙二腈反应生成苯亚甲基丙二腈,该反应在合成精细化工产品及医药产品等方面具有重要的意义。工业反应过程中通常采用均相的碱作为催化剂,例如:氨水、铵盐、有机胺、仲胺、尿素、吡啶、哌啶等。尽管这些均相碱催化剂具有较高的活性,但是催化剂难以分离及回收利用,同时会产生大量的废碱,造成环境的污染及生产成本的增加(Sang-Eon Park,et al.Catalysis Today,185(2012),211-216)。相对而言,负载型固体碱催化剂在提供高活性的同时能够再次循环利用,具有更高的经济性及环保友好性。目前,文献中报道的负载型固体碱催化剂包括:表面修饰二胺的金属有机化合物(MOF)(Y.W.Ren,etal.Chinese Journal of Catalysis,36(2015),1949-1956)、中孔二氧化硅负载有机胺(Duncan J.Macquarrie,et al.New Journal of Chemistry,24(2000),24,591-595)、胺化的分子筛(Hyung-Ki Min,et al.Chemical Communications,49(2013),1115-1117)等。但上述负载型催化剂仍面临着碱组分随反应时间流失的问题。近期,采用具有碱性表面的无机非金属作为催化剂引起了广泛关注。Yasuhiro Yamada等利用氮掺杂的多孔碳材料作为固体碱催化剂(Yasuhiro Yamada,et al.Carbon,109(2016),208-220);Zhang等可控制备了高氮含量及高比表面积的C3N4,在Knoevenagel缩合反应中展现了优异的性能(Zhang etal.Journal of Catalysis,344(2016)293-302)。而随着石墨烯材料的研究热潮,类石墨烯二维材料引起了全世界范围的研究兴趣。BN材料,具有石墨烯类似的晶格结构,同时又具有独特的表面特性。性对于碳材料中的C-C键,BN材料中sp2杂化的B-N键中的电子会受到电负性更强的N原子吸引,从而B-N键具有更高的离子性及极性,而且具有更宽的能级带隙。Hermans等人报道了BN可以催化丙烷脱氢反应制备乙烯(S.P.Burt,et al.Science,354(2016),1570-1573)。基于BN材料的催化特性以及Knoevenagel反应中碳碳键生成的反应特点,本发明首次公开了碳掺杂的BN材料(BCN),作为非金属催化剂用于Knoevenagel缩合反应展现出优异的性能。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题之一是,提供一种适合于Knoevenagel反应的非金属固体BCN催化剂。
本发明解决的技术问题之二是,提供上述BCN催化剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题之一,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂,以重量计包括以下成分:
所述BCN为碳掺杂的BN材料,C原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%;N原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~80%;B原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%。
所述BCN为多孔碳,孔径范围为0.1-10nm,比表面积为10-3000m2/g。
为解决上述技术问题之二,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种上述所述的BCN催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将硼的前驱体溶解为浓度为0.5-90%的溶液;将含碳、氮的前驱体溶解为溶液,溶液浓度为0.5-90%;然后将上述两种溶液混合,硼源与碳、氮源的质量比为0.1~20;搅拌下降混合溶液中的溶剂挥发至干,然后在60~100℃条件下进一步烘干;继而在惰性气体、300~1500℃下焙烧,制得BCN催化剂,样品命名为BCN-T(T为焙烧温度)。
进一步地,硼的前驱体为硼酸、氧化硼、硼酸钠、氯化硼中的一种或几种;含碳、氮的前驱体为二腈二胺、三聚氰胺、氰氨中的一种或几种。
进一步地,溶解含硼及含碳、氮前驱体的溶液为水、乙醇、乙醇-水、甲醇-水、丙醇-水、丁醇-水或乙二醇-水,其中,醇与水的混合液中醇与水的质量比为0.1-5。
进一步地,将混合溶液中溶剂挥发至干的温度为23~150℃。
进一步地,高温焙烧所用的气体为氮气、氦气、氩气中的一种或几种;气体的流速为10-500mL/min。
一种如上述所述的BCN催化剂在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的应用,Knoevenagel缩合反应包括含羰基的醛分子与含亚甲基的分子间形成碳碳双键的反应,如苯甲醛与丙二腈反应或苯甲醛与氰乙酸乙酯反应。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明针对Knoevenagel缩合反应中使用均相催化剂回收困难、价格昂贵以及现阶段固体非金属催化剂活性较低的问题,通过简易的设计方案,获得了一种高效的碳掺杂的BN非贵金属催化剂。该BCN催化剂适用于一系列的Knoevenagel缩合反应,如苯甲醛与丙二腈反应、苯甲醛与氰乙酸乙酯反应等。
附图说明
图1为BCN-900的透射电镜照片;
图2为BCN-T、BN及C3N4材料的XRD谱图;
图3为BCN-900的N2等温吸脱附曲线及孔分布图;
图4为BCN-T、BN及C3N4的XPS谱图;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
BCN催化剂的制备:
首先,将1g硼酸搅拌下溶于200mL蒸馏水中,将2.5g二腈二胺溶于200mL蒸馏水中。将上述两种溶液混合,常温搅拌一小时。然后在80℃水浴下搅拌至干,经100℃烘箱下进一步干燥12h后,在50mL/min的Ar气氛下分别在700℃、800℃、900℃下焙烧3h,升温速率为2℃/min,然后在Ar气氛下降温,制得的材料命名为BCN-T(T代表焙烧温度)。当焙烧气氛换为NH3,在800℃可以将BCN中的碳去除,制得的材料为BN。作为对比,直接在500℃、Ar气氛下焙烧二腈二胺材料可制得C3N4材料。
图1为BCN-900的透射电镜照片,如图1所示,BCN-900为二维片状材料堆叠而成,由高分辨电镜(图1右上角插入图)可看出BCN-900的层间距为0.36nm,大于BN材料0.33nm的层间距,这表明碳原子掺杂可以引入更多的缺陷,增大晶格层间距。图2为BCN-T、BN及C3N4材料的XRD谱图,如图2所示,BN材料分别在26°及43°展现出两个特征峰,这可归属于BN材料石墨结构中的(002)及(100)晶面。BCN材料的XRD出峰位置与BN类似,但是峰型更宽且焙烧温度越低峰宽越宽,同时峰的位置相对于BN有微弱的左移。这证明了BCN具有类似BN的晶格结构,碳原子是掺杂在BN材料骨架中形成三元化合物。图3为BCN-900的N2等温吸脱附曲线及孔分布图,由图3的N2物理吸附实验可以得出,BCN-900比表面积为1217.0m2/g,孔容为0.61cc/g,这表明BCN-900具有极大的比表面积及孔隙率,这将有利于催化剂活性位的暴露,从而大幅提高催化活性。图4为BCN-T、BN及C3N4的XPS谱图,如图4所示,BCN材料中主要由C、N、B、O四种元素组成,相对于BN材料,BCN-700中的B含量明显减少,这表明,碳原子首先可能是以部分替换B原子的方式进行掺杂;而随着焙烧温度的升高,N的含量逐渐减少,B的含量逐渐增加,这表明高温下BCN材料的原子结构进行重排,N原子部分去除。
实施例2
Knoevenagel缩合反应
对催化剂的Knoevenagel缩合反应(苯甲醛与丙二腈反应)活性评价,在三口烧瓶中进行。首先在三口烧瓶中加入2.5mmol苯甲醛、2.5mmol丙二腈,经过N2吹扫1h,以置换三口烧瓶中的空气。然后加入0.1g催化剂,在N2惰性气体保护下,将三口烧瓶放入80℃水浴锅中,加热开始反应。每隔一段时间,反应的产物由气相色谱离线分析。由表1可知,相对于C3N4及BN材料,碳掺杂的BCN材料展现出优异的性能,而且BCN材料的催化活性随着焙烧温度的升高而增加,BCN-900具有最高的活性。在反应两小时下,BCN-900作为催化剂时,苯甲醛转化率即可达到97.4%,而C3N4作为催化剂时,转化率仅有18.5%,BN作为催化剂时,苯甲醛转化率为31.3%。该结果充分表明了BCN材料在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的优异催化活性,并且具有潜在的工业应用价值。
表1各催化剂催化苯甲醛与丙二腈反应的活性数据
实施例3
将90g硼酸搅拌下溶于200mL蒸馏水中,将90g二腈二胺溶于200mL蒸馏水中。将上述两种溶液混合,常温搅拌一小时。然后在80℃水浴下搅拌至干,经100℃烘箱下进一步干燥12h后,在10mL/min的Ar气氛下在300℃下焙烧3h,升温速率为2℃/min,然后在Ar气氛下降温,即可得BCN催化剂。
实施例4
将180g硼酸搅拌下溶于200mL蒸馏水中,将180g二腈二胺溶于200mL蒸馏水中。将上述两种溶液混合,常温搅拌一小时。然后在80℃水浴下搅拌至干,经100℃烘箱下进一步干燥12h后,在500mL/min的Ar气氛下在1500℃下焙烧3h,升温速率为2℃/min,然后在Ar气氛下降温,即可得BCN催化剂。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂,其特征在于,
a)BCN为多孔材料;
b)BCN中碳的含量为0.05~70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述BCN为多孔碳,孔径范围为0.1-10nm,比表面积为10-3000m2/g。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述BCN为碳掺杂的BN材料,C原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%;N原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~80%;B原子的含量为BCN质量的0.05~70%。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的BCN催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将硼的前驱体溶解为浓度为0.5-90%的溶液;将含碳、氮的前驱体溶解为溶液,溶液浓度为0.5-90%;然后将上述两种溶液混合,硼源与碳、氮源的质量比为0.1~20;搅拌下降混合溶液中的溶剂挥发至干,然后在60~100℃条件下进一步烘干;继而在惰性气体、300~1500℃下焙烧,制得BCN催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,硼的前驱体为硼酸、氧化硼、硼酸钠、氯化硼中的一种或几种;含碳、氮的前驱体为二腈二胺、三聚氰胺、氰氨中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,溶解含硼及含碳、氮前驱体的溶液为水、乙醇、乙醇-水、甲醇-水、丙醇-水、丁醇-水或乙二醇-水,其中,醇与水的混合液中醇与水的质量比为0.1-5。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将混合溶液中溶剂挥发至干的温度为23~150℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,高温焙烧所用的气体为氮气、氦气、氩气中的一种或几种;气体的流速为10-500mL/min。
9.一种如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的BCN催化剂在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的应用,其特征在于,Knoevenagel缩合反应包括含羰基的醛分子与含亚甲基的分子间形成碳碳双键的反应。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,Knoevenagel缩合反应为苯甲醛与丙二腈反应或苯甲醛与氰乙酸乙酯反应。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810124271.6A CN108371953B (zh) | 2018-02-07 | 2018-02-07 | 一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810124271.6A CN108371953B (zh) | 2018-02-07 | 2018-02-07 | 一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108371953A true CN108371953A (zh) | 2018-08-07 |
CN108371953B CN108371953B (zh) | 2018-12-11 |
Family
ID=63017606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810124271.6A Active CN108371953B (zh) | 2018-02-07 | 2018-02-07 | 一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108371953B (zh) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109761737A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-05-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 氮化碳材料在催化低碳烷烃氧化脱氢制备烯烃中的应用 |
CN110252380A (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-20 | 山东科技大学 | 用于Knoevenagel反应的氮掺杂碳负载过渡金属催化剂 |
CN110280291A (zh) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-27 | 山东科技大学 | 以壳聚糖为氮源多步热解合成用于Knoevenagel反应的氮掺杂碳催化剂 |
CN110498400A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-26 | 福州大学 | 一种二维层状多孔bcn的制备方法及其h2s选择性氧化应用 |
CN115382564A (zh) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-25 | 沈阳师范大学 | 一种多级孔碳掺杂氮化硼催化剂的制备方法、催化剂及其应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010083789A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Hokkaido Univ | 固体塩基触媒、その製造方法及びこれを使用する方法 |
CN104689857A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 氮掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法以及含该材料的催化剂及用途 |
CN105293453A (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 汕头大学 | 一种掺杂六方氮化硼纳米片及其制备方法和以其为载体的催化剂及应用 |
-
2018
- 2018-02-07 CN CN201810124271.6A patent/CN108371953B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010083789A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Hokkaido Univ | 固体塩基触媒、その製造方法及びこれを使用する方法 |
CN104689857A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 氮掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法以及含该材料的催化剂及用途 |
CN105293453A (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 汕头大学 | 一种掺杂六方氮化硼纳米片及其制备方法和以其为载体的催化剂及应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ARUL MURUGESAN等: "Sulfonic acid functionalized boron nitride nano materials as a microwave-assisted efficient and highly biologically active one-pot synthesis of piperazinyl-quinolinyl fused Benzo[c]acridine derivatives", 《MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS》 * |
任晓乾 等: "酸碱双功能催化剂CaO-HMCM-22催化Knoevenagel缩合反应", 《高校化学工程学报》 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109761737A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-05-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 氮化碳材料在催化低碳烷烃氧化脱氢制备烯烃中的应用 |
CN110280291A (zh) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-27 | 山东科技大学 | 以壳聚糖为氮源多步热解合成用于Knoevenagel反应的氮掺杂碳催化剂 |
CN110252380A (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-20 | 山东科技大学 | 用于Knoevenagel反应的氮掺杂碳负载过渡金属催化剂 |
CN110498400A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-26 | 福州大学 | 一种二维层状多孔bcn的制备方法及其h2s选择性氧化应用 |
CN115382564A (zh) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-25 | 沈阳师范大学 | 一种多级孔碳掺杂氮化硼催化剂的制备方法、催化剂及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108371953B (zh) | 2018-12-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108371953B (zh) | 一种用于Knoevenagel缩合反应的BCN催化剂及其制备和应用 | |
Zhao et al. | Ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles embedded in Zr-based MOFs provide high selectivity for CO 2 hydrogenation to methane at low temperatures | |
CN105268463B (zh) | 一种氮掺杂碳/氮化碳光催化剂材料及其一步合成方法 | |
Rakap et al. | Intrazeolite cobalt (0) nanoclusters as low-cost and reusable catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride | |
Fang et al. | Methane dry reforming over coke‐resistant mesoporous Ni‐Al2O3 catalysts prepared by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly method | |
Rangraz et al. | Selenium-doped graphitic carbon nitride decorated with Ag NPs as a practical and recyclable nanocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitro compounds in aqueous media | |
BR112016026174B1 (pt) | Processo para preparação de um catalisador de síntese de fischer-tropsch | |
CN112973754A (zh) | 一种新型碳基材料负载过渡金属单原子催化剂的制备方法 | |
CN105271217A (zh) | 一种氮掺杂的三维石墨烯的制备方法 | |
CN105470532B (zh) | 一种复合碳材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN107824212B (zh) | 氮掺杂碳-氧化铈复合材料及其制备与应用 | |
Yuan et al. | Transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with phenol over nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon materials | |
Chang et al. | Effect of pore confinement of NaNH2 and KNH2 on hydrogen generation from ammonia | |
Zhao et al. | Efficient porous carbon-supported MgO catalysts for the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with diethyl carbonate | |
CN105381812B (zh) | 一种制备具有介孔结构的复合半导体材料的方法 | |
CN109821540A (zh) | Mof衍生碳载非贵金属合金催化剂的制备方法及催化产氢应用 | |
Yang et al. | Cu-anchored CNTs for effectively catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol | |
CN106669764A (zh) | 一种软模板法制备掺杂氮化碳纳米材料的方法 | |
Sun et al. | Nitrogen-doped carbon supported ZnO as highly stable heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification synthesis of ethyl methyl carbonate | |
Wu et al. | Imine synthesis by benzylamine self-coupling catalyzed by cerium-doped MnO2 under mild conditions | |
CN105597755B (zh) | 一种立方相CuO催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN113617355B (zh) | 一种镶嵌纳米颗粒的功能介孔材料及其原位嵌入组装方法和应用 | |
CN111111649A (zh) | 一种杂原子修饰Pd纳米催化材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
Yu et al. | Synergistic effect of acid-base and redox properties of nano Au/CeO2-cube on selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline | |
Nozaki et al. | Hydrogen generation from ammonia borane over Ru/Nanoporous CeO2 catalysts prepared from amorphous alloys |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |