CN108367663A - 用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车以及用于运行动力传动设备的方法 - Google Patents

用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车以及用于运行动力传动设备的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108367663A
CN108367663A CN201680072961.0A CN201680072961A CN108367663A CN 108367663 A CN108367663 A CN 108367663A CN 201680072961 A CN201680072961 A CN 201680072961A CN 108367663 A CN108367663 A CN 108367663A
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transmission device
power plant
power
gear transmission
planet gear
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CN108367663B (zh
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M·施特默
C·迈克斯纳
T·霍夫曼
F·福尔默
T·朔勒
J·温克勒
A·奥托维茨
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车(1)的动力传动设备(5)，具有第一动力装置(7)、第二动力装置(8)和行星齿轮传动装置(9)，通过该行星齿轮传动装置能够将第一动力装置(7)和第二动力装置(8)与机动车的驱动桥(2)作用连接。根据本发明，第一动力装置(7)通过第一切换离合器(14)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)能作用连接，所述驱动桥(2)通过第二切换离合器(15)与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置(8)以及附件装置(18)持久地与行星齿轮传动装置(9)作用连接。本发明还涉及一种具有动力传动设备(5)的机动车(1)以及一种用于运行动力传动设备(5)的方法。

Description

用于机动车的动力传动设备、相应的机动车以及用于运行动 力传动设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力传动设备，具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置和行星齿轮传动装置，通过行星齿轮传动装置能够将第一动力装置和第二动力装置与机动车的驱动桥作用连接。本发明还涉及一种具有动力传动设备的机动车以及一种用于运行动力传动设备的方法。
背景技术
动力传动设备用于驱动机动车，因此也就用于提供旨在驱动机动车的扭矩。动力传动设备具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置和行星齿轮传动装置。所述两个动力装置原则上可以任意设计。例如第一动力装置以内燃机的形式存在，第二动力装置以电机的形式存在，从而动力传动设备实施为混合动力式动力传动设备。
两个动力装置，即第一动力装置和第二动力装置，能够通过行星齿轮传动装置与机动车的驱动桥作用连接。也就是说，机动车的驱动桥能够或者单独借助于第一动力装置、单独借助于第二动力装置、或者借助于第一和第二动力装置被驱动。在驱动桥上布置有至少一个机动车车轮，车轮能够借助于动力传动设备被驱动。但车桥优选配备有能分别由动力传动设备驱动的多个车轮。
发明内容
本发明任务是提出一种用于机动车的动力传动设备，该动力传动设备相比已知动力传动设备具有优点，尤其是具有高能效以及高灵活度。
这根据本发明利用具有权利要求1特征的动力传动设备实现。在此提出，第一动力装置通过第一切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，驱动桥通过第二切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，第二动力装置以及附件装置持久地与行星齿轮传动装置作用连接。
第一切换离合器和第二切换离合器可以分别处在至少两种切换状态，即使其完全分离从而不通过其传递扭矩的第一切换状态和第二切换状态，在该第二切换状态中其至少部分接合从而通过该相应的切换离合器传递转矩，尤其是使之完全接合从而通过该相应的切换离合器传递该切换离合器上存在的全部扭矩。特别优选的是，第一切换离合器和第二切换离合器在其第二切换状态下分别完全接合，从而在此情况下第一动力装置以及驱动桥与行星齿轮传动装置基本上刚性地耦合。
因而无论是动力装置还是驱动桥都可以完全与行星齿轮传动装置脱耦，从而断开在它们与行星齿轮传动装置之间的各自的作用连接。因此，通过相应地设定切换离合器可以自由选择地建立和断开在第一动力装置与行星齿轮传动装置之间的作用连接、以及在驱动桥与行星齿轮传动装置之间的作用连接。
而第二动力装置以及附件装置则与行星齿轮传动装置持久作用连接。也就是说，它们刚性地与行星齿轮传动装置耦合，即在它们与行星齿轮传动装置之间不存在切换离合器。第二动力装置以及附件装置的连接可以直接或间接通过另一传动装置、例如齿轮传动装置实现。特别优选第二动力装置持久且直接与行星齿轮传动装置作用连接，而附件装置通过另一传动装置持久、但仅间接与行星齿轮传动装置作用连接。
动力传动设备及其元件、尤其是第一动力装置、第二动力装置、附件装置、行星齿轮传动装置、第一切换离合器和第二切换离合器都优选布置在一个共同的结构空间中或者甚至在一个共同的动力总成壳体中。以此方式可以以相对较小的结构空间实现较大的功能范畴，因为动力传动设备非常紧凑。附件装置例如是流体机械，尤其是压缩机，特别优选是空调压缩机。空调压缩机例如用于机动车车内空间的空气调节。
如果第一动力装置是内燃机、第二动力装置是电机，动力传动设备的上述方案是特别有利的。因此相比于电机，在内燃机中出现更高的拖拽力矩。理想情况下可以甚至认为电机的拖拽力矩几乎为零。相应地，基于动力传动设备的能效有意义的是，将内燃机以第一动力装置的形式实施得与行星齿轮传动装置可脱耦，为此设有第一切换离合器。而电机形式的第二动力装置则与行星齿轮传动装置持久作用连接，而这样不会对效率有不利影响。
这样，通过相应地设定第一切换离合器，可以单独地由第一动力装置、单独地由第二动力装置或由两个动力装置一起向行星齿轮传动装置提供扭矩，在此该扭矩可以是正的或负的。正扭矩在此应理解为用于使驱动桥和/或行星齿轮传动装置的至少一个元件加速的扭矩，而负扭矩引起减速，即使转速降低。
向行星齿轮传动装置施加的扭矩可以于是——在第二切换离合器至少部分地接合时——至少部分地提供给驱动桥。此外可以使用一部分的扭矩用于驱动附件装置。而如果第二切换离合器完全分离，则行星齿轮传动装置和驱动桥之间的作用连接断开。在此情况下所述所施加的扭矩可以例如用于驱动附件装置或借助于被实施为电机的第二动力装置用于产生电能。在后一种情况下，第二动力装置通过行星齿轮传动装置被第一动力装置驱动。
本发明的另一实施方案提出，第一动力装置通过第一切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置的齿圈能够作用连接。第一动力装置与齿圈的作用连接可以在第一切换离合器接合时刚性且直接地存在。也就是说，在第一切换离合器接合时，行星齿轮传动装置的齿圈具有与第一动力装置相同的转速。
本发明的优选改进方案提出，驱动桥通过第二切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置的行星齿轮架能够作用连接，其中在行星齿轮架上可转动地支承着至少一个行星齿轮，该至少一个行星齿轮一方面与齿圈啮合、另一方面与行星齿轮传动装置的太阳轮啮合。例如设有中间轴，该中间轴与驱动桥刚性持久作用连接，例如通过传动装置或传动级作用连接。
中间轴在此通过第二切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置的行星齿轮架能够作用连接，尤其是能够直接且刚性地作用连接。类似于前述实施方案，这意味着，中间轴在第二离合器接合时具有与行星齿轮架相同的转速。当然也可以使驱动桥直接地、即无需中间轴地与行星齿轮架作用连接。
行星齿轮传动装置具有通常的实施方案，因此也就具有齿圈、行星齿轮架和太阳轮。在行星齿轮架上可转动地支承着至少一个行星齿轮，在此优选多个行星齿轮支承在行星齿轮架上。行星齿轮或多个行星齿轮分别一方面与齿圈啮合、另一方面与太阳轮啮合。
在本发明的另一实施方案中可以规定，第二动力装置与行星齿轮传动装置的太阳轮作用连接。第二动力装置与太阳轮之间的作用连接优选是刚性的且直接的。也就是说，太阳轮一直具有与第二动力装置相同的转速，反之亦然。
本发明的改进方案是，附件装置与行星齿轮架作用连接。附件装置与行星齿轮架之间的作用连接通常是刚性且持久的。附件装置可以与行星齿轮架直接作用连接，但是优选附件装置与行星齿轮架通过传动装置或传动级间接地作用连接。因而附件装置通过传动装置刚性且持久地与行星齿轮架作用连接，从而附件装置的转速一直与行星齿轮架的转速处于确定的比例关系。
本发明的另一优选实施方案是，借助第三切换离合器能够相对于齿圈固定行星齿轮架。第三切换离合器也可以类似于上述用于第一切换离合器和第二切换离合器的实施方案具有至少两种切换状态，即完全分离的第一切换状态和至少部分接合、尤其是完全接合的第二切换状态。优选因此在第三离合器接合时行星齿轮架相对于齿圈完全固定或行星齿轮架与齿圈刚性耦合。
最后可以在本发明的另一实施方式中提出，第三动力装置与行星齿轮传动装置、即与齿圈或行星齿轮架作用连接。第三动力装置优选以电机形式存在。因此动力传动设备总共例如具有内燃机以及两个电机，这两个电机分别与行星齿轮传动装置作用连接或能作用连接。
第三动力装置优选类似于第二动力装置与行星齿轮传动装置刚性地和/或持久地作用连接，尤其是与其齿圈或其行星齿轮架作用连接。如果设有第三动力装置，则可以任意地组合第一动力装置、第二动力装置和第三动力装置来产生为行星齿轮传动装置提供的扭矩。
本发明此外涉及一种具有动力传动设备、尤其是根据上述实施方式所述的动力传动设备的机动车，其中所述动力传动设备具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置和行星齿轮传动装置，通过行星齿轮传动装置将第一动力装置和第二动力装置与机动车的驱动桥作用连接。在此提出，第一动力装置通过第一切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述驱动桥通过第二切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置以及附件装置与行星齿轮传动装置持久作用连接。
对于机动车以及动力传动设备的这类实施方案的优点已经作了说明。无论机动车还是动力传动设备都能够按照上述实施方式改进，就此参照上文。
在本发明的另一实施方式中可以提出，另一动力装置与机动车的另一驱动桥能作用连接或是作用连接的。该另一动力装置例如是电机。该电机与有别于上述驱动桥的另一驱动桥耦合或可耦合。该另一动力装置与该另一驱动桥之间的作用连接可以是直接进行的，从而该另外的驱动桥一直具有与该另外的动力装置相同的转速。但当然可以在该另外的动力装置与该另外的驱动桥之间设置传动装置，即该作用连接仅间接地存在。
本发明最后还涉及一种用于运行动力传动设备、尤其是根据上述实施方式所述的动力传动设备的方法，其中该动力传动设备具有第一动力装置、第二动力装置和行星齿轮传动装置，通过行星齿轮传动装置将第一动力装置和第二动力装置与机动车的驱动桥作用连接。在此提出，第一动力装置通过第一切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述驱动桥通过第二切换离合器与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置以及附件装置与行星齿轮传动装置持久作用连接，根据动力传动设备的运行模式来确定第一切换离合器的切换状态和第二切换离合器的切换状态，并在第一切换离合器上和第二切换离合器上设定所述第一切换离合器的切换状态和第二切换离合器的切换状态。
对于动力传动设备以及该方法可行的改进方案同样参照上面所述的实施方式。
如果动力传动设备具有第一动力装置和第二动力装置以及第一切换离合器、第二切换离合器和第三切换离合器，但不具有第三动力装置，那么得到下面可行的运行模式，该运行模式例如根据能量存储器的荷电状态选择：
如果能量存储器是满荷的或超出确定的荷电状态，那么可以例如使第一切换离合器分离，使第二切换离合器和第三切换离合器接合。在此情况下第一动力装置从行星齿轮传动装置脱耦，而第二动力装置与驱动桥通过行星齿轮传动装置处于有效作用连接。相应的，所述驱动桥可以借助于第二动力装置被驱动。同时，附件装置既可以与第二动力装置、又可以与所述驱动桥耦合，即被其驱动。
此外当然也可以额外接合第一切换离合器。在此情况下所述驱动桥既由第一动力装置驱动、又由第二动力装置驱动。附件装置相应地额外与第一动力装置作用连接且可以被该第一动力装置驱动。
而如果能量存储器是空的或低于确定的额定荷电状态，则可以使第一切换离合器和第二切换离合器接合，以及使第三切换离合器分离，第二动力装置至少部分地作为发电机运行。在此情况下，第二动力装置、附件装置以及驱动桥由第一动力装置驱动。通过相应设定第二动力装置可以将传动装置作为无级传动装置运行，即作为所谓的CVT(无级变速器)。如果第三切换离合器额外被接合，则所有三个切换离合器都被接合。在此情况下第一动力装置被作为增程器使用且第二动力装置再次被用于给能量存储器充电。
如果动力传动设备额外具有另一动力装置，则得到多种可行的运行模式，这些运行模式下面借助图表论述。在此所述驱动桥被称作第一车桥，而所述另外的车桥被称作第二车桥。例如第一车桥是前车桥，第二车桥是后车桥。但也可以实现相反的实施方案。借助图表的各行来示出动力传动设备的不同运行模式。
图表中，“ES”代表能量存储器，其当前荷电状态根据相应的列或者大于额定荷电状态(“V”；满荷)、或者小于额定荷电状态(“L”；空)。“NA”代表附件装置，其中的列表示该附件装置由谁驱动。数字代表相应的动力装置，即“1”代表第一动力装置，“2”代表第二动力装置，“A”代表该附件装置由机动车的车桥所驱动，或者至少与其作用连接。“Aus”表示该附件装置不被激活。
列“车桥”表示那些车桥被驱动以及这是如何被驱动的。在此“HA”代表后车桥，例如驱动桥，“VA”代表前车桥，例如所述另外的驱动桥。数字又给出了用于驱动相应车桥或相应各车桥的动力装置。此外“3”表示另外的动力装置，例如另外的电机。在列中的括号中还部分给出了运行模式。“CVT”代表行星齿轮传动装置作为无级变速器的运行，而“增程器”表示第一动力装置被部分或完全用于驱动第二动力装置以便产生电能。
被称作“AAG”的列表示运行的动力装置。数字仍表示相应的动力装置。“X”表示动力装置运行以驱动车桥中的至少一个，“G”表示纯发电机模式运行，“R”表示第一动力装置仅作为增程器的应用，即用于产生电能而不是直接驱动车桥。空着的框表示动力装置被去激活，即不运行。列“离合器”表示哪个切换离合器接合(“X”)或分离(空着的框)。在此“1”代表第一切换离合器，“2”代表第二切换离合器，“3”代表第三切换离合器。
附图说明
本发明下面借助附图中示出的实施例详述，而并不限制本发明。
在此唯一的附图示出具有动力传动设备的机动车的示意图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了具有两个车桥2和3的机动车1的示意图，其中每个车桥2和3都分配有多个车轮4。两个车桥2和3被实施为驱动桥。为此目的，车桥2分配有动力传动设备5，而在第二车桥3上设有另一动力传动设备6。动力传动设备5具有第一动力装置7、第二动力装置8以及行星齿轮传动装置9。通过行星齿轮传动装置9，动力装置7和8能够与车桥2作用连接、且与其相应的车轮4作用连接。
行星齿轮传动装置9具有齿圈10、行星齿轮架11和太阳轮12。在行星齿轮架11上可转动地支承着至少一个行星齿轮13，其一方面与齿圈10啮合，另一方面与太阳轮12啮合。通过第一切换离合器14能够将齿圈10与第一动力装置7作用连接。第一切换离合器14在此可以具有至少两个切换状态，即完全分离、即不传递扭矩的第一切换状态和部分接合尤其是完全接合从而在第一动力装置7和行星齿轮传动装置9尤其是齿圈10之间传递扭矩的第二切换状态。
除了第一切换离合器14外，还设有第二切换离合器15，通过它能够将行星齿轮传动装置9、尤其是行星齿轮架11与车桥2作用连接。尤其是借助于第二切换离合器15自由选择地建立或断开在行星齿轮架11与中间轴16之间的作用连接。中间轴16又刚性地且持久地与车桥2或其车轮4作用连接，例如通过传动级17。第二动力装置8最终与太阳轮12刚性且持久地作用连接。
此外动力传动设备5具有附件装置18。该附件装置优选与行星齿轮架11刚性且持久地作用连接。该作用连接可以是直接存在的，从而该附件装置18一直具有与行星齿轮架11相同的转速。但该作用连接优选通过传动级19存在，从而在行星齿轮架11与附件装置18直接设定确定的转速比。此外设有第三切换离合器20，借助它能够相对于齿圈10固定行星齿轮架11。
第二动力装置8与用于存储电能的能量存储器21连接。该能量存储器21优选是高压能量存储器，其中能量存储器21的电压大于为了对机动车1的其他部件供给电能可以额外设置的车载电网能量存储器22的电压。在能量存储器21上还电连接有另外的动力传动设备6的另外的动力装置23。该动力装置23可以直接或间接通过传动装置24与第二车桥3或其车轮4作用连接。利用动力装置23可以因此驱动车桥3或其车轮4。
在此所示的机动车1的实施方案当然应当理解为纯示例性的。因此可以例如将动力传动设备5分配给车桥3，反之将动力传动设备6分配给车桥2。在另一实施方案中，动力传动设备6或动力装置23可以都不使用传动装置24。在此情况下特别优选规定，动力传动设备5分配有第三动力装置，其例如作为另一电机存在。第三动力装置可以与行星齿轮传动装置9作用连接，尤其是与齿圈10或行星齿轮架11。该作用连接优选是刚性且持久实施的。
机动车1或动力传动设备5的这类实施方案使得能够实现较大功能范围，同时结构空间非常小。这尤其是通过将附件装置18分配给动力传动设备5及其与行星齿轮传动装置9的连接实现。当然除了此处所示附件装置18外还存在至少一个另外的附件装置，其优选也与行星齿轮传动装置9、尤其是也与行星齿轮架11刚性且持久地作用连接。这可以通过另一传动级实现，该传动级能够具有与传动级19的传动比相同或不同的传动比。
附件装置18优选作为流体机械存在，例如作为用于机动车1的内室的空调设备的压缩机。另外的附件装置也可以作为流体机械存在，例如作为用于制动助力器的真空泵。
为了进一步改善动力传动设备5的效率，可以此外设有蓄热器，其中能够暂存第一动力装置7和/或第二动力装置8产生的热量。所暂存的热量可以例如在继机动车1停车之后进行的冷启动过程中被用于更快速地加热第一动力装置7，从而该第一动力装置更快速达到其运行温度。暂存在蓄热器中的热量此外可以被用于对机动车内室的空气调节。蓄热器原则在此可以任意实施。它特别优选作为潜热存储器存在，即具有相变材料。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车(1)的动力传动设备(5)，其具有第一动力装置(7)、第二动力装置(8)和行星齿轮传动装置(9)，通过该行星齿轮传动装置能够将第一动力装置(7)和第二动力装置(8)与机动车的驱动桥(2)作用连接，其特征在于，第一动力装置(7)通过第一切换离合器(14)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)能作用连接，所述驱动桥(2)通过第二切换离合器(15)与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置(8)以及附件装置(18)持久地与行星齿轮传动装置(9)作用连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，所述第一动力装置(7)通过第一切换离合器(14)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)的齿圈(10)能作用连接。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，所述驱动桥(2)通过第二切换离合器(15)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)的行星齿轮架(11)能作用连接，在行星齿轮架(11)上可转动地支承着至少一个行星齿轮(13)，该至少一个行星齿轮一方面与行星齿轮传动装置(9)的齿圈(10)啮合、另一方面与行星齿轮传动装置的太阳轮(12)啮合。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，第二动力装置(8)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)的太阳轮(12)作用连接。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，附件装置(18)与行星齿轮架(11)作用连接。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，借助于第三切换离合器(20)能够使行星齿轮架(11)相对于齿圈(10)固定。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的动力传动设备，其特征在于，第三动力装置与行星齿轮传动装置(9)作用连接、尤其是与齿圈(10)或与行星齿轮架(11)作用连接。
8.一种机动车(1)，其具有动力传动设备(5)、尤其是根据上述权利要求中一项或多项所述的动力传动设备(5)，其中该动力传动设备(5)具有第一动力装置(7)、第二动力装置(8)和行星齿轮传动装置(9)，通过该行星齿轮传动装置能够将第一动力装置(7)和第二动力装置(8)与机动车(1)的驱动桥(2)作用连接，其特征在于，第一动力装置(7)通过第一切换离合器(14)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)能作用连接，所述驱动桥(2)通过第二切换离合器(15)与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置(8)以及附件装置(18)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)持久地作用连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机动车，其特征在于，另一动力装置(23)与机动车(1)的另一驱动桥(3)作用连接或能作用连接。
10.一种用于运行动力传动设备(5)、尤其是根据上述权利要求中一项或多项所述的动力传动设备(5)的方法，其中，所述动力传动设备(5)具有第一动力装置(7)、第二动力装置(8)和行星齿轮传动装置(9)，通过该行星齿轮传动装置能够将第一动力装置(7)和第二动力装置(8)与机动车(1)的驱动桥(2)作用连接，其特征在于，所述第一动力装置(7)通过第一切换离合器(14)与行星齿轮传动装置(9)能作用连接，所述驱动桥(2)通过第二切换离合器(15)与行星齿轮传动装置能作用连接，所述第二动力装置(8)以及附件装置(18)持久地与行星齿轮传动装置(9)作用连接，根据动力传动设备(5)的运行模式来确定第一切换离合器(14)的切换状态和第二切换离合器(15)的切换状态，并在第一切换离合器(14)上和第二切换离合器(15)上设定所述第一切换离合器的切换状态和第二切换离合器的切换状态。
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