CN108883699B - 具有多个比率的单电动机驱动车轴 - Google Patents

具有多个比率的单电动机驱动车轴 Download PDF

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CN108883699B
CN108883699B CN201780019124.6A CN201780019124A CN108883699B CN 108883699 B CN108883699 B CN 108883699B CN 201780019124 A CN201780019124 A CN 201780019124A CN 108883699 B CN108883699 B CN 108883699B
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axle
gear
electrically driven
differential
stationary member
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CN108883699A (zh
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J·F·齐奇
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Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group LLC
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Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • F16H37/082—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft and additional planetary reduction gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B60B35/121—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub
    • B60B35/122—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings
    • B60B35/125—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings of the planetary type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴，其包括：车轴壳体；电动机，其具有直接由联接到其上的小锥齿轮驱动的输出轴；固定比率行星齿轮装置；差速器单元，其包括容纳在差速器壳内的差速齿轮装置；和第一离合器，其可选择性地操作以将行星齿轮组的一部分连接到驱动车轴的固定构件，使得驱动车轴以第一齿轮比操作。

Description

具有多个比率的单电动机驱动车轴
相关专利申请
本申请要求2016年3月28日提交的临时美国专利申请序列号62/314,023的优先权和利益。上述专利申请的内容通过引用明确地结合到本申请的详细描述中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴(axle，又称“车桥”或“桥”)，更具体地，涉及一种具有单个电动机的电驱动车轴，该电动机提供两速和三速配置。
背景技术
为了减少碳排放和空气污染，人们对混合动力车辆和电动车辆越来越感兴趣。目前用于在机动车辆中使用的电气化电动机的技术在扭矩和速度方面的传播有限。电动机传动系的使用可以被优化，以在低速时高效地传递高扭矩，在高速时高效地传递低扭矩，但不能同时传递这两种扭矩。
电驱动车轴的现有设计通过给传动系增加额外的部件来优化性能，例如额外的电动机、电动机和车轴之间的多速变速箱以及轮毂减速装置，以实现期望的总传动比和性能。然而，这些设计需要增加传动系的成本和复杂性。
因此，开发一种用于电动车辆的电驱动车轴将是有利的，该电驱动车轴可以在高速度和低速度下高效地操作，这是成本效益高且易于控制的。
发明内容
本文提供了一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴，其包括车轴壳体、具有由联接到其上的小锥齿轮直接驱动的输出轴的电动机、固定比率行星齿轮装置、差速器单元和第一离合器。固定比率行星齿轮装置包括太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和连接太阳齿轮和环形齿轮的齿轮架。差速器单元包括容纳在差速器壳内的差速齿轮装置。第一离合器可选择性地操作以将太阳齿轮连接到驱动车轴的固定构件。此外，环形齿轮驱动地连接到小锥齿轮，并且齿轮架与差速器壳驱动接合。
本文提供了一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴，其包括车轴壳体、具有由联接到其上的小锥齿轮直接驱动的输出轴的电动机、固定比率行星齿轮装置、差速器单元和第一离合器。固定比率行星齿轮装置包括太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和连接太阳齿轮和环形齿轮的齿轮架。差速器单元包括容纳在差速器壳内的差速齿轮装置。第一离合器可选择性地操作以将环形齿轮连接到电车轴的固定构件。此外，太阳齿轮驱动地连接到小锥齿轮，并且齿轮架与差速器壳驱动接合。
附图说明
当参照附图考虑时，从下面的详细描述中，本发明的实施例的上述以及其它优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见，在附图中：
图1是根据优选实施例的电驱动车轴的示意图；
图2是根据另一优选实施例的电驱动车轴的示意图；
图3是根据另一优选实施例的电驱动车轴的示意图；
图4是根据另一优选实施例的电驱动车轴的示意图；
图5是根据另一优选实施例的电驱动车轴的示意图；和
图6是图5所描绘的电驱动车轴的行星齿轮组的杠杆图。
具体实施方式
应当理解，除明确规定相反之外，优选实施例可以采取各种替代的取向和步骤顺序。还应当理解，附图中所示的和以下说明书中描述的具体装置和过程仅仅是示例性实施例。因此，除非另有明确说明，否则与所公开的实施例有关的具体尺寸、方向、取向或其他物理特性不应被认为是限制性的。
图1是根据优选实施例的用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴10的示意图。电驱动车轴10包括电动机-发电机12、减速行星齿轮组14、差速器单元16和两个车轴半轴18、20。如所描绘的，电驱动车轴10包括五个组件12、14、16、18、20，但是应该理解，车轴10可以包括更少或更多的组件。
电动机-发电机12联接到车轴壳体(未示出)。电动机-发电机12与控制器(未示出)和能量存储装置(未示出)电连通。在一些实施例中，能量存储装置可以是电池。根据使用控制器对电动机-发电机12的电控制，电动机-发电机12可以向与其驱动接合的电驱动车轴10的一部分施加力或使该部分减速。在一些实施例中，电动机-发电机12定位在车轴壳体内。应当理解，电池可以用燃料电池电动车辆传动系(FCEV)的燃料电池替换。
如图1所示，电动机-发电机12横向于机动车辆的车轴半轴18、20布置，并直接驱动输出轴22。输出轴22驱动地连接到小锥齿轮24。输出轴22驱动地连接到小锥齿轮24。或者，小锥齿轮24可以与输出轴22一体形成。小锥齿轮24与锥齿轮26啮合，锥齿轮26与减速行星齿轮组14驱动地接合。锥齿轮26可以是准双曲面齿轮、螺旋锥齿轮、直齿锥齿轮或本领域技术人员已知的任何其它齿轮中的一种。在一个实施例中，小锥齿轮24和锥齿轮26可提供6.5:1的齿轮比，但不限于此。
锥齿轮26与行星齿轮组14驱动地接合。在一个实施例中，行星齿轮组14集成到电驱动车轴10中，并且定位在锥齿轮26和车轴半轴18、20之间。在一些实施例中，行星齿轮组14是固定比率的行星齿轮组。行星齿轮组14与锥齿轮26和差速器单元16驱动地接合。行星齿轮组14包括太阳齿轮部分28、环形齿轮部分30和连接太阳齿轮部分28和环形齿轮部分30的齿轮架部分32。
在另外的实施例中，行星齿轮组14可包括附加的减速齿轮组，以根据电驱动车轴10的应用实现期望的齿轮减速。
如图1所示，环形齿轮部分30经由锥齿轮26与电动机-发电机12驱动接合。齿轮架部分32与包括差速器单元16的差速齿轮装置36的差速器壳34驱动接合。
在一些实施例中，差速齿轮装置36包括一对小齿轮38和可旋转地支承在差速器壳34中的半轴齿轮(side gear，又称“侧齿轮”)40、42。然而，也可以使用其它差速齿轮装置，包括但不限于行星差速齿轮装置。差速器壳34与两个车轴半轴18、20一起围绕旋转轴线Z旋转，两个车轴半轴18、20与旋转轴线Z同轴地被支承。半轴齿轮40、42分别与小齿轮38啮合并接合车轴半轴18、20。输出车轴半轴18、20通向车轮组件44、46。小齿轮38可旋转地支承在固定到差速器壳34的小齿轮轴48上。车轮组件44、46分别包括由电驱动车轴10驱动的左车轮44a和右车轮46a。
太阳齿轮部分28永久性地接地到机动车辆的固定构件49，导致行星齿轮组14产生减速的行星固定行星齿轮比。在一些实施例中，固定构件49是车轴壳体，但不限于此。在一个实施例中，固定构件49定位在行星齿轮组14和车轮组件46之间。作为非限制性示例，行星齿轮组可以具有1.4:1的齿轮比。然而，应当理解，其它减速齿轮比也是可能的。应当理解，行星齿轮组14可以具有便于类似操作的其它配置，并且固定构件49的位置可以根据行星齿轮组14的布置而变化。由行星齿轮组14提供的固定行星齿轮比允许减小电动机12的尺寸。
另外，如图2所示，在另一优选实施例中，电驱动车轴10可包括离合器50，该离合器50选择性地将太阳齿轮部分28接地到固定构件49，从而提供两速电驱动车轴。当太阳齿轮部分28接地时，电驱动车轴10提供第一行星齿轮比，而当太阳齿轮部分28未接地时，电驱动车轴10提供第二行星齿轮比或直接驱动比。在一个实施例中，第一行星齿轮比是1.4:1，但不限于此。应当理解，行星齿轮组14可以具有便于类似操作的其它配置，并且固定构件49的位置可以根据行星齿轮组14的布置而变化。
如图2所示，离合器50是爪形离合器(dog clutch)；然而，可以使用其它扭矩传递装置。在一些实施例中，离合器50与致动器连通。致动器可以是但不限于电磁致动器、气动致动器。致动器可以由控制器和/或监控车辆控制系统(SVC)控制。
在一些实施例中，电动机-发电机12、锥齿轮24、26、行星齿轮组14和差速器单元36集成到机动车辆的车轴上的单个单元中，从而提供了易于适配于现有机动车辆底盘和悬架系统的最小包装外壳。
图3-6示出了根据另外的优选实施例的电驱动车轴。电驱动车轴是电驱动车轴10的变型，并且具有与其类似的特征。图3-5所示的实施例包括与电驱动车轴10类似的部件。图3-5所示实施例的类似特征以类似的顺序编号。下面将描述图3-5所示变型的不同和附加特征，并且本领域技术人员可以根据图1和本公开中所示出和描述的其它实施例来理解这些特征。
在另一优选实施例中，如图3所示，电驱动车轴110的行星齿轮组114的太阳齿轮部分128经由小锥齿轮124和锥齿轮126与电动机-发电机112驱动地接合。小锥齿轮124和锥齿轮126可以具有5:1的锥齿轮比，但不限于此。行星齿轮组114的齿轮架部分132与包括差速齿轮装置136的差速器壳体134的一部分驱动接合。在这种布置中，环形齿轮部分130永久性地接地到固定构件149以产生固定的行星齿轮比。在一个实施例中，固定构件149定位在差速器单元116和车轮组件144之间。作为非限制性示例，固定的行星齿轮比可以是4:1。应当理解，行星齿轮组114可以具有便于类似操作的其它配置，并且固定构件149的位置可以根据行星齿轮组114的布置而变化。
在另一优选实施例中，如图4所示，离合器150可以被包括在电驱动车轴110中。离合器150可以选择性地接合以将环形部分130接地，从而提供两速电驱动车轴。当环形齿轮部分130接地时，电驱动车轴110提供第一行星齿轮比，而当环形齿轮部分130不接地时，电驱动车轴110提供第二行星齿轮比或直接驱动比。作为非限制性示例，第一行星齿轮比可以是4:1。在一个实施例中，如图4所示，离合器150是爪形离合器；然而，可以使用其它扭矩传递装置。
在另一优选实施例中，如图5所示，行星齿轮组214的环形齿轮部分230和太阳齿轮部分228都可以利用离合器250、251选择性地接地，根据离合器250、251的位置，离合器250、251分别提供三速选项，这些选项提供三种操作模式。
在该实施例中，太阳齿轮部分228通过第一离合器250选择性地联接到锥齿轮226或接地到固定构件247。在一个实施例中，固定构件247定位在行星齿轮组214和车轮组件246之间。环形齿轮部分230也通过第二离合器251选择性地接地或联接到固定构件249。在一个实施例中，固定构件249定位在差速器单元216和车轮组件244之间。太阳齿轮部分228和环形齿轮230都可以分别通过离合器250、251选择性地接地。在另一个实施例中，如图5所示，离合器250、251是爪形离合器；然而，可以使用其它扭矩传递装置。应当理解，行星齿轮组214可以具有便于类似操作的其它配置，并且固定构件247、249的位置可以根据行星齿轮组214的布置而变化。
在一个实施例中，锥齿轮比是5:1；然而，不限于此。当仅太阳齿轮部分228选择性地接地时，提供第一行星齿轮比。在一个实施例中，第一行星齿轮比是1.4:1。当仅环形齿轮部分230选择性地接地时，提供第二行星齿轮比。在一个实施例中，第二行星齿轮比是4:1。当环形齿轮部分230和太阳齿轮部分228都不接地时，电驱动车轴210是直接驱动模式，即，1:1的行星齿轮比。如图6所示，杠杆图表示本领域技术人员可以理解的根据图5的行星齿轮组214布置。
在电驱动车轴10、110、210的操作中，电动机-发电机12、112、212驱动输出轴22、122、222，输出轴22、122、222驱动锥齿轮24、124、224。锥齿轮24、124、224驱动锥齿轮26、126、226，锥齿轮26、126、226驱动行星齿轮组14、114、214。当希望在第一操作模式或第一齿轮比下操作电驱动车轴10、110、210时，第一离合器50、150、250接合以选择性地将行星齿轮组14、114、214的一部分接地。
为了在第二操作模式或第二齿轮比下操作电驱动车轴10、110、210，第一离合器50、150、250不接合，并且实现直接驱动模式。为了在第三操作模式或第三齿轮比下操作电驱动车轴210，第二离合器251接合以将行星齿轮组250的一部分接地。离合器50、150、250与控制组件(未示出)连通。离合器50、150、250可以具有单独的控制组件和/或可以通过SVC与所有其它车辆控制器连通。通常，HEV/FCEV/EV系统需要单独的监控控制器。
扭矩从行星齿轮组14、114、214传递到差速器单元36、136、236和车轮组件44、144、244、46、146、246。
离合器50、150、250、251需要来自电动机-发电机12、112、212的传动系扭矩中断和来自电动机-发电机12、112、212的同步速度匹配，以允许接合期望的操作模式或行星齿轮比。这可以通过使用车辆传感器(未示出)向电控单元(ECU)(未示出)发送信号来实现，该电控单元控制包括在控制器或SVC中的气动或电动换档机构或致动器。ECU可以使用一种算法，该算法结合了电动机速度、车辆速度、坡度、车辆总重、加速度、电动机效率图、换档机构位置和其它数据，以确定最佳电动机速度和扭矩输出，并确定所需的行星比，从而分别接合离合器50、150、250、251，以获得期望的扭矩输出。
电动机-发电机12、112、212、行星齿轮组14、114、214和差速器单元16、116、216被集成到位于机动车辆车轴中心部分的电驱动车轴10、110、210中，从而只需要最小的包装外壳，该外壳可以容易地适于配合现有的车辆底盘和系统。
电动机-发电机12、112、212另外在再生制动期间提供电能。当电动机-发电机12、112、212使电驱动车轴10、110、210的部分减速时，在电动机-发电机12、112、212内产生电能。在再生制动期间提供的电能可用于通过控制器(未示出)对连接到电动机-发电机12、112、212的电池(未示出)充电。
电驱动车轴10、110、210可用于前轮驱动和后轮驱动车辆中。虽然未示出，但是应当理解，电车轴10、110、210可以用无动力支持车轴或推进车轴来操作，以形成多车轴传动系。
本文公开的驱动车轴10、110、210适用于HEV、EV和燃料电池混合动力系统。应当理解，结合有本文公开的电驱动车轴10、110、210的实施例的电动或混合动力车辆能够包括许多其他动力系部件，例如但不限于具有电池管理系统或超级电容器的高压电池组、车载充电器、DC-DC转换器、各种传感器、致动器和控制器等。
根据专利法的规定，已经在被认为代表其优选实施例的内容中描述了本公开，但是应当注意，在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，各实施例可以以不同于具体示出和描述的方式实施。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴，包括：
车轴壳体；
电动机，其具有输出轴，所述输出轴由联接到其上的小锥齿轮直接驱动；
固定比率的行星齿轮组，其包括太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和连接所述太阳齿轮和环形齿轮的齿轮架；
差速器单元，其包括容纳在差速器壳内的差速齿轮装置；
第一离合器，其可选择性地操作以将所述太阳齿轮连接到所述电驱动车轴的第一固定构件；以及
第二离合器，所述第二离合器可选择性地操作以将所述环形齿轮连接到所述电驱动车轴的第二固定构件，并且其中，所述电驱动车轴被配置成：当所述第一离合器与所述电驱动车轴的第一固定构件固接并且所述第二离合器接合所述环形齿轮时以第一齿轮比操作，
其中，所述环形齿轮驱动地连接到所述小锥齿轮，
其中，所述齿轮架与所述差速器壳驱动接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电动机联接到所述车轴壳体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述差速器单元与两个车轴半轴驱动地接合，并且所述电动机横向于所述车轴半轴定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述行星齿轮组是减速行星齿轮组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电驱动车轴被配置成：当所述第一离合器接合所述太阳齿轮并且所述第二离合器与所述电驱动车轴固接时以第三齿轮比操作，当所述第一离合器接合所述太阳齿轮并且所述第二离合器接合所述环形齿轮时以第二齿轮比操作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一固定构件定位在所述行星齿轮组和连接到所述差速齿轮装置的一对车轴之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一固定构件是所述车轴壳体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一离合器和所述第二离合器是爪形离合器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电动机是电动机-发电机。
10.一种用于机动车辆的电驱动车轴，包括：
车轴壳体；
电动机，其具有输出轴，所述输出轴由联接到其上的小锥齿轮直接驱动；
固定比率的行星齿轮组，其包括太阳齿轮、环形齿轮和连接所述太阳齿轮和环形齿轮的齿轮架；
差速器单元，其包括容纳在差速器壳内的差速齿轮装置；
第一离合器，其可选择性地操作以将所述环形齿轮连接到所述电驱动车轴的第一固定构件；以及
第二离合器，所述第二离合器可选择性地操作以将所述太阳齿轮连接到所述电驱动车轴的第二固定构件，并且其中，所述电驱动车轴被配置成：当所述第一离合器与所述电驱动车轴的第一固定构件固接并且所述第二离合器接合所述环形齿轮时以第一齿轮比操作，
其中，所述太阳齿轮驱动地连接到所述小锥齿轮，并且
其中，所述齿轮架与所述差速器壳驱动接合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电动机联接到所述车轴壳体。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述差速器单元与两个车轴半轴驱动地接合，并且所述电动机横向于所述车轴半轴定位。
13.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述行星齿轮组是减速行星齿轮组。
14.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电驱动车轴被配置成：当所述第一离合器接合所述太阳齿轮并且所述第二离合器与所述电驱动车轴固接时以第三齿轮比操作，当所述第一离合器接合所述太阳齿轮并且所述第二离合器接合所述环形齿轮时以第二齿轮比操作。
15.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一固定构件定位在所述行星齿轮组和连接到所述差速齿轮装置的一对车轴之间。
16.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一固定构件是所述车轴壳体。
17.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一固定构件定位在所述行星齿轮组和连接到所述差速齿轮装置的第一车轴半轴之间，并且所述第二固定构件定位在所述行星齿轮组和连接到所述差速齿轮装置的第二车轴半轴之间。
18.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述第一离合器和所述第二离合器是爪形离合器。
19.根据权利要求10所述的电驱动车轴，其中，所述电动机是电动机-发电机。
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