CN108354069A - It is a kind of to solve the rotten Silaging method of ensiling container upper layer raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to ensiling production fields, and in particular to a kind of Silaging method for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten.By the way that uniformly paving spills, cover anhydrous particle urea above the ensiling raw material through compacting, it is compacted, forms urea layer, it is rotten to can effectively avoid ensiling container upper layer raw material.The thickness of urea layer is 0.2 1cm.The present invention utilizes the features such as hardened characteristic, plant-eating animal edibility, alkalescent after the high-efficiency water-absorbing characteristic of urea, water suction to solve the problems, such as that ensiling container upper layer raw material is perishable, remarkable in economical benefits by simply handling.

Description

It is a kind of to solve the rotten Silaging method of ensiling container upper layer raw material

Technical field

The invention belongs to ensiling production fields, and in particular to a kind of ensiling side for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten Method.

Background technology

Ensiling is that under anaerobic, the lactic acid bacteria that plant itself adheres to utilizes the soluble-carbohydrate in raw material to make For fermentation substrate, it is translated into organic acid, the pH value of ensilage is made to drop to 4.2 hereinafter, to inhibit harmful microbe to give birth to Long breeding, achievees the purpose that long-term preservation green forage.In the plant-eating animals such as ox, sheep are raised, ensiling, which has, increases forage grass Utility value expands feed resource and adjusts the obvious advantage of forage grass time periods of supply, is a kind of economical and practical analogy viridescent feeding The method of material.Successful ensilage is broadly divided into four-stage：1. the plant respiration phase generally refers to the 3- started in ensiling 5 days or so, the plant cell of fresh ensiling raw material was not dead immediately, still maintains animation, therefore plant cell utilizes Oxygen in ensiling container in residual air carries out respiration, and soluble-carbohydrate is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, And heat is generated, plant cell starts death by suffocation after oxygen deficiency, and the effect of bacterium gradually protrudes, and is competed into microorganism Phase.2. microorganism competes the phase, the microorganism competition phase is that aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, other bacterium and lactic acid bacteria are at war with dominant microflora Period；After the oxygen in ensiling container is depleted, the vital movement of plant cell and aerobic bacteria all stops substantially, anaerobism Bacterium is increasingly becoming dominant microflora, their mass propagations in suitable environment, and lactic acid, acetic acid, fourth are generated by glycolysis The acids such as acid, make environmental pH drastically decline, and have effectively contained the growth and breeding of acid nonfast spoilage organisms；Lactic acid bacteria by Gradually become dominant microflora, into the lactic acid accumulation phase.3. the lactic acid accumulation phase, in this period, lactic acid bacteria is with solvable in ensiling raw material Property carbohydrate be substrate, rapid breeding becomes the dominant bacteria in ensilage, in suitable temperature, acidity, damp condition Lower growth and breeding is vigorous, generates a large amount of lactic acid, pH value is caused further to decline, and high-caliber lactic acid content makes harmful microbe Activity is suppressed, stops, or even dead, and when pH value reaches a certain level, the activity of lactic acid bacteria itself is also suppressed, by Gradually form a stable state, i.e. relatively stable period.4. relatively stable period, since there are a large amount of lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid, shapes At a relatively stable equilibrium state, lactic acid bacteria secretion lactic acid can keep feed not become by other microbiological effects Matter, while the excessive breeding of lactic acid bacteria is again limited, in lactic acid deficiency, lactic acid is secreted in continued growth to lactic acid bacteria again, and Tiny ecosystem is such as This cycle, can make ensilage be kept for the time of last decade.Thus, it is ensured that the quality that ensiling makes, it is necessary to meet breast 3 conditions of the sour bacterium as dominant microflora：1. oxygen-free environment, 2. sugar enough in ensiling raw material, 3. ensiling raw material is suitable Water content.

However, in the actual production process, can usually find that a large amount of corruption can occur for the ensiling raw material on ensiling container upper layer Ensiling that is rotten, being made in particular with the relatively high fresh plant of water content.Its reason is analyzed, mainly in ensilage The plant respiration phase, amount of heat caused by the respiration of plant cell makes to be located in ensiling container, the ensiling raw material of lower layer In moisture evaporate upwards, be gathered in the ensiling raw material on ensiling container upper layer, when ensiling raw material is fresher（Plant cell is got over It is more）, the moisture evaporated upwards is also more, and the moisture for causing ensiling container upper layer ensiling raw material has been more than the suitable of lactic acid bacteria Suitable Reproduction Conditions, it is especially higher in ensiling raw material water content itself, it is more than blueness of the lactic acid bacteria suitable for Reproduction Conditions It is more to store raw material.In addition, the raw material in ensiling container is through placement after a period of time, in ensiling raw material its own gravity and inside Oxygen consumption it is common under the action of, ensiling raw material can sink, and the closure part multidigit of ensiling container is in ensiling container Top, fixed in the not tight or seal location of sealing, the top inside ensiling container forms hollow, outside air （Oxygen）Enter ensiling container by gap or loophole.The ensiling raw material on ensiling container upper layer is in high-moisture, aerobic environment, no Conducive to the breeding of lactic acid bacteria and the formation of dominant microflora, corresponding aerobic mould and spoilage organisms mass propagation ultimately cause ensiling Rotting for raw material, influences Silage Quality.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide it is a kind of avoid ensiling container upper layer raw material rot Silaging method.The present invention utilizes hardened characteristic, plant-eating animal edibility, alkalescent after the high-efficiency water-absorbing characteristic of urea, water suction Etc. features, effectively prevent ensiling container upper layer raw material rot, remarkable in economical benefits.

To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：

A kind of Silaging method for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten：By uniformly being spread above the ensiling raw material through compacting It spills, cover anhydrous particle urea, be compacted, form urea layer, ensiling container upper layer raw material is avoided to rot.

The thickness of the urea layer is 0.2-1cm.

The Silaging method for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten, the specific steps are：

1）The harvesting of ensiling raw material prescinds, fills up ensiling container, compacting；

2）Uniformly paving spills, covers anhydrous particle urea above the ensiling raw material through compacting, and compacting forms urea layer；

3）Ensiling container is sealed above urea layer；

4）By fermentation in 7-30 days, utilization is fed after taking out ensiling stirring.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：

1）The high-hydroscopicity of urea can effectively absorb the ensiling raw material moisture on ensiling container upper layer, solve ensiling container upper layer blueness The technical issues of storing raw material high-moisture, being unfavorable for lactic acid bacteria breeding；

2）Urea layer after water suction can be hardened, and combines closely with the ensiling raw material in ensiling container top layer, forms new Confining bed, effectively prevent extraneous air enter ensiling container and contact ensiling raw material, solve the upper layer ensiling of ensiling container The technical issues of raw material is unfavorable for lactic acid bacteria breeding in aerobic environment；

3）Normal ensiling is and of the invention due to being in acid, plant-eating animal the problems such as largely feeding be easy to cause miscarriage and diarrhea The ensiling of making contains the urea in alkalinity, and the ensiling made can effectively improve the pH value of ensiling entirety by stirring, to Improve the nutritive value of ensiling.

Specific embodiment

The present invention will be further described in detail for specific implementation mode below.

The maize straw and hybrid Chinese pennisetum of selection water content 75% or so are prescinded as ensiling material to 2-3cm long respectively Degree is put into the cylindrical silage barrel that capacity is 160L and is compacted, and material density is 0.6-0.65kg/L after compacting.Using single factor test Experimental design, it is 0cm that covering urea thickness, which is respectively set,（Material is the comparative example 1 of maize straw, material is hybrid Chinese pennisetum Comparative example 2）, 0.2cm（The embodiment 2 that material is the embodiment 1 of maize straw, material is hybrid Chinese pennisetum）, 1cm（Material is corn stalk The embodiment 3 of stalk, the embodiment 4 that material is hybrid Chinese pennisetum）And 2cm（Material is the embodiment 5 of maize straw, material is hybridization wolf tail The embodiment 6 of grass）, 6 barrels of each comparative example, ensiling on the same day opens bucket evaluation ensiling and goes mouldy situation after 90 days.Concrete operations are： Remove urea layer（The urea of taking-up is individually placed）, 10cm or so ensilages above silage barrel are taken, go mouldy area, matter of going mouldy are measured It measures and the ensilings such as the percentage that goes mouldy is gone mouldy evaluation index, and it is green using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure 10cm above silage barrel Bin stock aflatoxin, vomitoxin and zearalenone content.After taking silage barrel top 10cm or so ensilage, it will take The urea gone out is reentered into silage barrel, and ensiling pH is measured according to conventional ensiling pH assay methods after being sufficiently mixed with ensilage Value.Data analysis is analyzed using the one-way ANOVA of SPSS17.0, the results are shown in Table 1.As shown in Table 1, it is protected in the present invention The ensiling index of going mouldy of embodiment in shield range is significantly better than comparative example, it is seen that making ensiling using the present invention can effectively prevent The only rotten problem of ensiling container upper layer raw material.

1 different disposal ensiling of table is gone mouldy situation

The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with repair Decorations should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of Silaging method for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten, it is characterised in that：By former in the ensiling through compacting The uniform paving in material top spills, covers anhydrous particle urea, is compacted, forms urea layer, ensiling container upper layer raw material is avoided to rot.

2. the Silaging method according to claim 1 for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten, it is characterised in that：Described The thickness of urea layer is 0.2-1cm.

3. the Silaging method according to claim 1 for avoiding ensiling container upper layer raw material rotten, it is characterised in that：Specific step Suddenly it is：

1）The harvesting of ensiling raw material prescinds, fills up ensiling container, compacting；

2）Uniformly paving spills, covers anhydrous particle urea above the ensiling raw material through compacting, is compacted, and forms urea layer；

3）Ensiling container is sealed above urea layer；

4）By fermentation in 7-30 days, utilization is fed after taking out ensiling stirring.