Codonopsis pilosula planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method of codonopsis pilosula.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine radix codonopsitis (CodonopsisRadi) is a traditional tonifying medicine in China and has the efficacies of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, promoting the production of body fluid and nourishing blood. The radix Codonopsis is derived from dried root of radix Codonopsis (Codonopsispilosula (Franch.) Nannf), radix Codonopsis Lanceolatae (C.PilosulaNannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen) or radix Codonopsis (C.tangshenOliv.) of Codonopsis of Campanulaceae. Because of unique medical and health care functions, the Chinese medicinal composition is widely applied to clinical and daily health care and is one of the Chinese medicinal plant varieties with the largest output and demand in China.
The increasing market demand in recent years brings good opportunity for the development of the codonopsis pilosula industry, and provides numerous opportunities for the basic research and the deep development of the codonopsis pilosula. The planting process of the codonopsis pilosula comprises the steps of seed preservation, germination acceleration, sowing, daily management and the like. However, the natural life of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is short, the germination rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds every other year is extremely low, the codonopsis pilosula seeds cannot be used for production basically, the seeds which are not used completely in the current year are wasted, serious fruit can be brought when the codonopsis pilosula seeds flow into the market every other year, the life of the codonopsis pilosula seeds can be effectively prolonged by adopting low-temperature or modified atmosphere storage of a refrigeration house, but the requirement of the storage mode on equipment and facilities is high, the energy consumption is also high, and meanwhile, the problem of low seedling survival rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds exists at present, so that a simple and practical method for prolonging the life of the codonopsis pilosula.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a codonopsis pilosula planting method, which solves the problems that codonopsis pilosula seeds are difficult to store and the seedling survival rate is low in the prior art.
The codonopsis pilosula planting method in the scheme comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing materials: disinfecting clean and mature codonopsis pilosula seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for later use, and crushing stems and leaves of codonopsis pilosula plants for later use; sieving the plant ash by using a sieve with the aperture of 0.5-2 mm for later use; sieving farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 0.5-2 mm to obtain clay;
step two, batching: uniformly mixing 0.8-1.2 kg of codonopsis pilosula seeds obtained after the treatment in the step one, 0.2-0.7 kg of crushed codonopsis pilosula plant stems and leaves, 1.5-3 kg of plant ash and 0.7-1.2 kg of clay to obtain a mixture, and adding 3-4 kg of water in the mixing process;
step three, manufacturing a seed brick: putting the mixture prepared in the step two into a mould to be pressed into square blocks, and drying the square blocks to obtain the seed bricks;
step four, seed brick preservation: placing a layer of plastic film in a packaging box, neatly stacking the dried seed bricks into the packaging box, binding the plastic film to wrap the seed bricks, sealing the packaging box, and placing the packaging box in a cool and dry storehouse for storage;
step five, seed soaking: taking out the seed bricks in the packing box, placing the seed bricks in a container, adding warm water into the container, wherein the weight ratio of the seed bricks to the warm water is 0.28-0.4, adding 1.5-3 kg of plant ash into the container after the seed bricks are soaked and dispersed, and stirring uniformly to obtain a stirred material;
step six, accelerating germination: filling the stirred materials into a woven bag and tying, and placing the woven bag in an environment with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for accelerating germination for 8-12 hours;
step seven, seedbed preparation: ridging according to a traditional agricultural production mode, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm;
step eight, sowing: scraping the ridge surface by using a long wood plate before sowing, then uniformly scattering stirred substances subjected to germination acceleration on the ridge surface according to 40-50 kg/mu, uniformly mixing plant ash and moist farmland soil, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the moist farmland soil is 0.06-0.1, sieving by using a sieve with the aperture of 2-5 mm to obtain sieve soil, uniformly scattering the sieve soil on seeds, and the sieve soil thickness is 1-2 mm;
step nine, covering: covering a layer of straw on the screened soil;
step ten, daily management: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding.
Has the advantages that: the method can prolong the service life of radix Codonopsis seed. The germination rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds stored under natural conditions is only 21.3% in 2 years, the germination rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds stored under the natural conditions is 75.55% in 2 years, the codonopsis pilosula seeds stored under the natural conditions are basically inactivated, and the germination rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds stored under the natural conditions can also reach more than 60%. The method has the advantages that the effect of storing the codonopsis pilosula seeds is almost the same as that of storing the codonopsis pilosula seeds in a low-temperature controlled atmosphere storage, but the cost and the requirements of facility equipment are far lower than that of the low-temperature controlled atmosphere storage.
The long wood boards are adopted to scrape the ridge surfaces, so that the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula can be effectively improved, the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula is improved by more than 20% compared with that of the codonopsis pilosula without scraping the ridge surfaces, and the seedling rate can be improved by more than 30%.
And optimally, the water content of the seed brick in the third step is zero after drying. In the third step, the water content of the seed bricks after drying is zero, so that the codonopsis pilosula seeds in the seed bricks can not germinate after absorbing water because the seed bricks contain water when the seed bricks are stored in the fourth step.
And optimally, the temperature of the warm water in the fifth step is 40-50 ℃. And step five, soaking and dispersing the seed bricks by using warm water, wherein when the temperature of the warm water is higher than 50 ℃, the warm water can scald the codonopsis pilosula seeds to influence the germination rate in the later period, and meanwhile, when the temperature is lower than 40 ℃, the seed bricks cannot be quickly soaked and dispersed and completely soaked and dispersed, so that the temperature of the warm water is suitable for 40-50 ℃.
Optimally, the step eight is carried out in the night before sowing, and water cannot overflow the ridge surface during irrigation.
Optimally, the straws in the ninth step are wheat straws or rice straws. The wheat straws or the rice straws have strong water absorption capacity, when the wheat straws or the rice straws are covered on the sieve soil, the sieve soil can be in a wet state, seeds below the sieve soil can germinate well, and meanwhile, the wheat straws and the rice straws are high in toughness, easy to spread uniformly and not easy to break.
And optimally, the covering thickness of the straw in the ninth step is 2-5 cm. When the covering thickness of the straw is smaller than 2cm, the water evaporation of the soil screening is too fast, when the covering thickness of the straw is larger than 5cm, the rotting speed of the straw is slow, diseases are easily induced, and therefore the covering thickness of the straw is 2-5 cm, and the covering thickness is proper.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
example 1:
step one, preparing materials: disinfecting clean and mature codonopsis pilosula seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for later use, and crushing stems and leaves of codonopsis pilosula plants for later use; sieving the plant ash by a sieve with the aperture of 0.5mm for later use; sieving farmland soil with a sieve with a pore diameter of 0.5mm to obtain clay;
step two, batching: uniformly mixing 0.8kg of codonopsis pilosula seeds obtained after the treatment in the step one, 0.2kg of crushed codonopsis pilosula plant stems and leaves, 1.5kg of plant ash and 0.7kg of clay to obtain a mixture, and adding 3kg of water in the mixing process;
step three, manufacturing a seed brick: putting the mixture prepared in the step two into a die to be pressed into square blocks, and drying the square blocks to obtain seed bricks, wherein the water content of the seed bricks is zero after drying;
step four, seed brick preservation: placing a layer of plastic film in a packaging box, neatly stacking the dried seed bricks into the packaging box, binding the plastic film to wrap the seed bricks, sealing the packaging box, and placing the packaging box in a cool and dry storehouse for storage;
step five, seed soaking: taking out the seed bricks in the packing box, placing the seed bricks in a container, adding warm water into the container, wherein the temperature of the warm water is 40 ℃, the weight ratio of the seed bricks to the warm water is 0.28, adding 1.5kg of plant ash into the container after the seed bricks are soaked and dispersed, and stirring uniformly to obtain a stirred material;
step six, accelerating germination: filling the stirred materials into a woven bag, tying the woven bag, and placing the woven bag in an environment with the temperature of 35 ℃ for accelerating germination for 8 hours;
step seven, seedbed preparation: ridging according to a traditional agricultural production mode, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.2m, and the height of each ridge is 10 cm;
step eight, sowing: irrigating the seeds one night before sowing, wherein water cannot flow over the surfaces of the seeds during irrigation, scraping the surfaces of the seeds by using long wood plates before sowing, then uniformly scattering stirred substances subjected to germination acceleration on the surfaces of the seeds according to 40 kg/mu, uniformly mixing plant ash and moist farmland soil, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the moist farmland soil is 0.06, sieving the plant ash and the moist farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm to obtain sieved soil, and uniformly scattering the sieved soil on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the sieved soil is 1 mm;
step nine, covering: covering a layer of wheat straw on the sieving soil, wherein the covering thickness of the wheat straw is 2 cm;
step ten, daily management: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding.
Example 2:
step one, preparing materials: disinfecting clean and mature codonopsis pilosula seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for later use, and crushing stems and leaves of codonopsis pilosula plants for later use; sieving the plant ash by a sieve with the aperture of 1.25mm for later use; sieving farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 1.25mm to obtain clay;
step two, batching: 1kg of codonopsis pilosula seeds obtained after the treatment in the step one, 0.45kg of crushed codonopsis pilosula plant stems and leaves, 2.25kg of plant ash and 0.95kg of clay are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and 3.5kg of water is added in the mixing process;
step three, manufacturing a seed brick: putting the mixture prepared in the step two into a die to be pressed into square blocks, and drying the square blocks to obtain seed bricks, wherein the water content of the seed bricks is zero after drying;
step four, seed brick preservation: placing a layer of plastic film in a packaging box, neatly stacking the dried seed bricks into the packaging box, binding the plastic film to wrap the seed bricks, sealing the packaging box, and placing the packaging box in a cool and dry storehouse for storage;
step five, seed soaking: taking out the seed bricks in the packing box, placing the seed bricks in a container, adding warm water into the container, wherein the temperature of the warm water is 45 ℃, the weight ratio of the seed bricks to the warm water is 0.34, and after the seed bricks are soaked and dispersed, adding 2.25kg of plant ash into the container and uniformly stirring to obtain a stirred material;
step six, accelerating germination: filling the stirred materials into a woven bag, tying the woven bag, and placing the woven bag in an environment with the temperature of 37.5 ℃ for accelerating germination for 10 hours;
step seven, seedbed preparation: ridging according to a traditional agricultural production mode, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.35m, and the height of each ridge is 12.5 cm;
step eight, sowing: irrigating the seeds one night before sowing, wherein water cannot flow over the surfaces of the seeds during irrigation, scraping the surfaces of the seeds by using long wood plates before sowing, then uniformly scattering stirred substances subjected to germination acceleration on the surfaces of the seeds according to 45 kg/mu, uniformly mixing plant ash and moist farmland soil, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the moist farmland soil is 0.08, sieving the plant ash and the moist farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 3.5mm to obtain sieved soil, and uniformly scattering the sieved soil on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the sieved soil is 1.5 mm;
step nine, covering: covering a layer of wheat straw on the sieving soil, wherein the covering thickness of the wheat straw is 3.5 cm;
step ten, daily management: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding.
Example 3:
step one, preparing materials: disinfecting clean and mature codonopsis pilosula seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for later use, and crushing stems and leaves of codonopsis pilosula plants for later use; sieving the plant ash by a sieve with the aperture of 2mm for later use; sieving farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm to obtain clay;
step two, batching: 1.2kg of codonopsis pilosula seeds obtained after the treatment in the step one, 0.7kg of crushed codonopsis pilosula plant stems and leaves, 3kg of plant ash and 1.2kg of clay are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, and 4kg of water is added in the mixing process;
step three, manufacturing a seed brick: putting the mixture prepared in the step two into a die to be pressed into square blocks, and drying the square blocks to obtain seed bricks, wherein the water content of the seed bricks is zero after drying;
step four, seed brick preservation: placing a layer of plastic film in a packaging box, neatly stacking the dried seed bricks into the packaging box, binding the plastic film to wrap the seed bricks, sealing the packaging box, and placing the packaging box in a cool and dry storehouse for storage;
step five, seed soaking: taking out the seed bricks in the packing box, placing the seed bricks in a container, adding warm water into the container, wherein the temperature of the warm water is 50 ℃, the weight ratio of the seed bricks to the warm water is 0.4, and adding 3kg of plant ash into the container after the seed bricks are soaked and dispersed to be uniformly stirred to obtain a stirred material;
step six, accelerating germination: filling the stirred materials into a woven bag, tying the woven bag, and placing the woven bag in an environment with the temperature of 40 ℃ for accelerating germination for 12 hours;
step seven, seedbed preparation: ridging according to a traditional agricultural production mode, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.5m, and the height of each ridge is 15 cm;
step eight, sowing: irrigating the seeds one night before sowing, wherein water cannot flow over the surfaces of the seeds during irrigation, scraping the surfaces of the seeds by using long wood plates before sowing, then uniformly scattering stirred substances subjected to germination acceleration on the surfaces of the seeds according to 50 kg/mu, uniformly mixing plant ash and moist farmland soil, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the moist farmland soil is 0.1, sieving the plant ash and the moist farmland soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 5mm to obtain sieved soil, and uniformly scattering the sieved soil on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the sieved soil is 2 mm;
step nine, covering: covering a layer of wheat straw on the sieving soil, wherein the covering thickness of the straw is 5 cm;
step ten, daily management: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding.
Dividing 900 codonopsis pilosula seeds into 3 groups, 300 codonopsis pilosula seeds in each group, respectively adopting the methods of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 to accelerate germination, dividing the codonopsis pilosula seeds into three groups according to the storage time, 100 codonopsis pilosula seeds in each group, adopting woven bag packaging for natural storage and refrigerator storage at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, respectively adopting 100 codonopsis pilosula seeds for accelerating germination after storage, then carrying out seedling culture on the codonopsis pilosula seeds successfully germinated in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, adopting the traditional planting method for seedling culture in the comparative example, adopting 100 germinated codonopsis pilosula seeds, and obtaining the following data: