CN108353183B - 用于基于图片组(gop)对视频数据流进行编码的方法 - Google Patents

用于基于图片组(gop)对视频数据流进行编码的方法 Download PDF

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CN108353183B
CN108353183B CN201680063066.2A CN201680063066A CN108353183B CN 108353183 B CN108353183 B CN 108353183B CN 201680063066 A CN201680063066 A CN 201680063066A CN 108353183 B CN108353183 B CN 108353183B
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P·凯夫林
C·卡尼欧
D·德迪斯
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Abstract

一种用于基于在视频编码中使用的图片组(GOP)对视频数据流进行编码的方法,以便利用内部编码以及利用用于生成可见图像的预测编码来定义图像的排列顺序,包括用于在由本地数据通信协议控制的无线网络上进行传输的冗余传输纠错手段。所述视频流由连续的数据包G组成,每个包G包括包含所述待传输视频数据的第一集合M、以及包括通过冗余算法获得的冗余数据的第二集合。根据所述方法,所述第一数据集合M由至少一个图片组(GOP)的所有所述数据组成。

Description

用于基于图片组(GOP)对视频数据流进行编码的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对视频数据流进行编码的方法,以便增强在由例如WIFI类型的通信协议管理的无线数字网络中接收这些流的可靠性和质量。所涉及的流以组播模式发送并且源自将其广播到接收设备的至少一个发射器,在这种情况下,所述接收设备位于相对受限制的周边内从而使得其可以利用所提到的通信协议进行操作、被设计为在更趋本地化的环境中进行操作。所述接收设备随后被提供有至少一个软件应用,使得有可能处理并查看所接收到的信息。
背景技术
更具体而言,由本发明实现的视频数据是基于在视频编码中(特别是在用于压缩、解压缩、处理、以及视频和音频编码的MPEG标准中)常规使用的图片组(GOP),以便利用内部编码并且利用预测编码来定义图像的排列顺序,从而允许在视频流中生成可见图像。在本发明的上下文中所处理的流还包括同样常规的传输纠错手段,所述校正在这种情况下通过冗余来完成并且经由实施矩阵函数的被称为AL-FEC(应用级前向纠错)算法的算法来执行。
尽管本发明的方法可以具有许多实际应用,但是由于它通常实时和/或准实时地优化图片流的传输,因此所设想的应用之一是在事件发生的封闭空间的外围内几乎即时地广播运动会事件或表演类型。传输至客户端设备的视频流的质量不仅主要允许流畅且高质量地观看视频图片,而且也可以通过能够对所接收到的流赋予附加价值的过程来丰富观看,例如重复并因此(如果需要的话)以慢动作或甚至以变焦效果来回顾某些序列。如果视频流的质量没有保证,则这样的过程几乎毫无意义。
视频流通常以连续信息包的形式进行传输,这些信息包服从用于对其进行发送的预定细分,这些包很一般包括被编码用于传输的待传输图片以及附加的信息,所述附加信息在接收问题的情况下用于由重建算法尝试恢复初始图片。
发明内容
这样,本发明的方法适用于实际上由连续数据包G组成的视频流,每个包G包括如已知的包含待传输本地视频数据的第一集合M(被编码的视频流的图片)、以及包含通过合适的算法获得的冗余数据的第二集合。根据本发明,所述第一数据集合由至少一个图像组(GOP)的所有数据M组成。
因此,根据本发明,在视频流中待传输的信息包的细分创新性地依赖于在组织待传输视频数据包的架构的标准的上下文中所开发和定义的特定图片组。负责发送视频流的计算机系统以及因此驱动所述系统的软件因此对信息执行细分,所述信息基于这些图片组或GOP,所述图片组以视频编码世界中标准的方式被格式化,从而基于特定编码图片来标识特定架构。所述数据M可以归入于是包含所有数据的单个图片组GOP下,或者与此情况相同地归入在同一个包中包括其所有数据的两个或更多个图片组GOP下。
仍然根据本发明,在并置每张图片的区域中,将图片组中所有图片的大小添加到本地视频流的数据M中,所述区域每张图片例如占用两个数据字节。
此外,根据一种可能性,可以将包含所述图片组的每张图片的绝对位置的索引表添加到数据M中,所述表能够定位在例如位于所述待传输编码图片系列开始处的区域中。
实际上,根据本发明,每个包G然后被组织为预定大小为L的K个第一数据块、以及大小为L的N个冗余块,K等于M/L,如果M/L不是整数,则向K分配大于除法结果M/L的最近下一整数值。只有在M/L不是整数时存在的对应于差值(KxL–M)的块部分由被标识为填充数据(例如零)的数据来填充。
优选地,根据本发明,针对所述块K和N中的每一个,添加所述信息,包括:
-图片组(GOP)的数量,针对每个新图片组而递增;
-K的值,针对每个块K从1递增至K;
-N的值,以K+1开始并且以N+K结束;
-L的值;以及
-块的数量(从1至K+N)。
然后,块K和N中的每一个的长度变成对以上信息进行编码所需要的L+n个字节。所有这些附加数据的存在结合将自身基于视频编码标准的本地视频信息细分成K+N个块(一个或多个GOP)使得可以显著地增强对视频流传输的控制。假设视频流传输被破坏,则由所提出的新颖架构明确地促进待实施的重建操作。
并且,本发明还涉及一种视频流,所述视频流根据以上应用的方法被组织并且包括一系列经编码数据包G,每个数据包由待传输的第一本地视频数据集合和第二纠错冗余数据集合组成,其特征在于,所述第一集合包含至少一个图片组(GOP)的所有数据。
根据本发明的方法构造的这种类型的视频流使得可以保证有质量地接收,所述质量首先足以使传输流的观看简单地较舒适,然后还足以使应用于传输信号的任何后续过程能够基于足够用于其执行的信息平台。
实际上,本发明完成组织信息(也就是说待发送的本地视频流)以便允许基于足够结构化且信息丰富的架构来优化系统对视频信号传输缺陷的响应。
附图说明
现在将参照表示本发明方法的示例性实施方式的附图更详细地描述本发明,示出了用于生成经优化视频流的不同可能步骤,在附图中:
-图1表示示意性地表示了如在本发明的上下文中所使用的图片组的组织的图示;
-图2展示了对于同一数据包向本地视频流添加图片组中每张经编码图片的大小;
-图3示出了当索引表被添加到所述数据时图片包的大小M;
-图4表示了将数据包M细分成长度为L的K个块,当KxL>M时可能添加填充;
-图5展示了由于冗余编码(FEC)而引起的N个块的添加;并且
-图6最终示出了附加参数的添加,在适当的情况下丰富了待传输信息并且促进了数据恢复的后续实施。
具体实施方式
参照图1,第一数据集合由图片组的所有数据组成,所述数据集合在对传输纠错函数进行编码之前形成待传输的本地视频流。这种数据组织结构在视频编码领域是众所周知的,因为其具体是由MPEG标准所定义的。这些图片组或GOP定义了若干特定类型的编码产生的图片的性质以及所述图片的排列顺序。这些图片的分组实际上形成了特定的系列,这个系列被周期性地重复以便构成视频流的编码。因此存在具有内部编码I的图片以及具有预测编码的图片,后者能够具有两种类型:具有基于过去图像的预测编码的图片P、以及具有双向预测编码的图片B。图片P包含关于通过运动预测与图片I或过去图像P的差异的信息。图片B包含关于与图片组内的过去和未来图片I或P的差异的信息。
对于信息,图片I或P可以用作参考图片,尽管图片B通常不是这种情况。简而言之,可见图片由包含在图片组中的经编码图片生成,所述图片组也被表示为在编码时所构造的多张经编码图片,从而保证视频流传送率。
如在图1中具体出现的那样,图片组N(GOP N)以参考图片IN开始,随后是按照定义所述图像组的特定顺序的图片P和B。待传输视频流包括此图片组N,随后是图片组N+1,其初始图片IN+1是新的参考图片,领先于图片组N-1,依此类推。这些图片组GOPN的集合形成经编码视频流。对于本发明,待发送的视频数据包的细分基础由这些图片组组成。图1仅表示了其中的一个图片组,但是在视频数据包M中可以存在两个或更多个图片组。
图2展示了本发明方法的另一个特征,所述特征通过在并置这些图片中的每一张的区域中添加图片组的所有图片I、P、B的大小来增强视频流的编码。在图3中的视频数据包开始处出现的索引表的额外添加进一步填充经编码的视频信息,所述整个形成大小为M的第一编码集合。
这个长度或大小M是以细分成长度为L的K个块(即使在图4中)为目标的计算的起点,L是常数并且K是整数。当M除以L的结果不是整数时,然后向K分配最近的较高整数值。在大多数情况下,KxL>M。考虑到这种假设,如图4中所表示的,应用填充以便获得长度为L的K个完整块。这仅仅涉及向块K添加被程序标识为填充值的零。
至此,主题是视频编码,也就是说,图片编码旨在传输视频流并最终允许在解码之后生成可见图像。图5和图6添加了校正任何传输错误的概念。如前所提及的,在这种情况下,通过使用本身已知的AL-FEC(应用层前向纠错)类型的算法,通过冗余来执行纠错。纠错编码实现了矩阵函数,所述矩阵函数完成了添加长度也为L的N个额外数据块。这些是出现在这些图5和图6中的块K+1至K+N。
根据特定于本发明的最终操作,旨在进一步优化处理的可能性,针对块K和N中的每一个来添加信息,具体包括但不限于:
-组的数量,针对每个新图片组(GOP)而递增;
-K的值,针对每个块K从1递增至K;
-N的值,以K+1开始并且以N+K结束;
-L的值;以及
-块的数量(从1至K+N)。
实际上,这种补充信息更好地组织信息(即包括冗余块的待发送视频流集合),以便允许优化系统对视频信号传输缺陷的响应。其实际上提供了单独采集的块上数据,以便更好地跟踪错误并在数据包中对其进行定位。
本发明当然不限于参照附图所描述和解释的示例,而是包括落入权利要求书范围内的变体和版本。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,以利用内部编码以及利用允许生成可见图像的预测编码来定义图像的排列顺序,包括用于通过冗余来校正传输错误的手段,用于在由本地数据通信协议所管理的无线网络上进行传输,所述视频数据流由连续的数据包G组成,每个数据包G包括包含待传输视频数据的第一集合、以及包含通过冗余算法所获得的冗余数据的第二集合,其特征在于,所述第一集合由至少一个图片组GOP的所有数据组成,其中,每个数据包G被组织为预定大小为L的K个第一数据块、以及大小为L的N个冗余块,K等于M/L,所述M为所述第一集合中的所述待传输视频数据的大小;如果M/L不是整数,则向K分配大于除法结果M/L的最近下一整数值。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,其特征在于,在并置每个图像的区域中,将所述图片组中所有图片的大小添加到所述第一集合中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,其特征在于,将包含所述图片组中每张图片的绝对位置的索引表添加到所述第一集合中。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,其特征在于,在M/L不是整数的情况下存在的对应于差值KxL–M的块部分由被标识为填充数据的数据来填充。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,其特征在于,在M/L不是整数的情况下存在的对应于差值KxL–M的块部分由零来填充。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于基于在视频编码中所使用的图片组GOP对视频数据流进行编码的方法,其特征在于,对于所述K个第一数据块和所述N个冗余块中的每一个块,添加信息,所述信息包括:- 图片组GOP的数量,针对每个新图片组而递增;-K的值,针对每个块K从1递增至K;-N的值,以K+1开始并且以N+K结束;- L的值;以及-块的数量,从1至K+N。
7.一种传输视频数据流的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法对视频数据流进行编码;其中,所述视频数据流包括一系列数据包G,每个数据包G由待传输的第一本地视频数据集合和第二纠错冗余数据集合组成,所述第一本地视频数据集合包含至少一个图片组GOP的所有数据;以及以组播模式发送所编码的视频数据流。
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